Abstract
The goal of this work is to study Alexander-Whitney coalgebras (first defined in [HPST06]) from
a topological point of view. An Alexander-Whitney coalgebra is a coassociative chain coalgebra over
Zwith an extra algebraic structure : the comultiplication must respect the coalgebra structure up
to an infinite sequence of homotopies (this sequence is part of the data of the Alexander-Whitney
coalgebra structure).
Alexander-Whitney coalgebras are interesting for topologists because the normalized chain complex
C(K)of a simplicial set Kis endowed with an Alexander-Whitney coalgebra structure. This theo-
rem is proved for the first time here (generalising a result proven in [HPST06]). This theorem gives
the hope that the Alexander-Whitney coalgebra structure of C(K)contains interesting information
that can be used to solve topological problems. This hope is strengthened by the sucess already
obtained in the work of several topologists. Among others, [HPST06], [HL07], [Boy08], and [HR]
use the Alexander-Whitney coalgebra structure of the normalized chains of a simplicial set in an
essential way to solve topological problems.
This thesis begins with some background material. In particular, the definition of a DCSH
morphism between two coassociative chain coalgebras is recalled in complete detail. For example,
signs are determined with great precision. Next we devote a chapter to the definition of Alexander-
Whitney coalgebras and to their importance in topology. In the following chapter we begin the
conceptual study of Alexander-Whitney coalgebras. A global study of these objects had not yet
been carried out even if the Alexander-Whitney coalgebra structure has been studied and used in
order to answer some specific questions.
With the aim of studying Alexander-Whitney coalgebras in a nice setting, we develop an operadic
description of these coalgebras in the following chapter. More precisely, we show that there is an
explicit operad AW such that the coalgebras over this operad are exactly the Alexander-Whitney
coalgebras. Furthermore, AW is shown to be a Hopf operad, so that the category formed by the
Alexander-Whitney coalgebras is actually a monoidal category. These results are proven in a rea-
sonably general framework. In fact, we associate an operad to each bimodule (over the associative
operad) of a certain type, such that we get AW if this bimodule is well chosen. In particular, these
results enable us to study Alexander-Whitney coalgebras from the standpoint of operads. This stra-
tegy is recognised to be successful in various mathematical situations, and especially in algebraic
topology.
Moreover, we develop a minimal model notion in the setting of right module over a chosen ope-
rad (which has to satisfy some reasonable conditions), with the aim of applying this result to the
special case of the Alexander-Whitney coalgebras. This is possible because coalgebras over some
fixed operad Pcan be seen as right modules over P. And the category of right modules over Phas
some nice features which do not appear to hold in the category of P-coalgebras.
The inspiration for this part of our work comes from the notion of minimal model developed in the
framework of rational homotopy theory. The two following facts show that it is reasonable to try to
adapt some ideas of rational homotopy theory to the category of Alexander-Whitney coalgebras.
A. There is a theorem that says that studying topological spaces up to rational equivalences is, es-
sentially, equivalent to studying cocommutative chain coalgebras over the field of rational numbers.
This is false if the ring of integers replaces the field of rational numbers, but Alexander-Whitney
coalgebras are "almost" cocommutative in the sense which is explained in this thesis.
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