Quand le haut potentiel intellectuel devient un handicap dant avoir

Quand le haut
potentiel intellectuel
devient un handicap
$ #!!"
0-:@-B;5>K@KA:1>K<;:?1H01?<>;.8L91?
?/;8-5>1?/;991:;A?81B1>>;:?<8A?8;5:
#->-0;D-8191:@A:@51>?0ZA:1@>-:/410ZI31
:Z-@@15:0>-<-?8-?1/;:01 3K:K>-81 :<>1
:-:@/;991<>195L>1-<<>;/410ZA:10K25:5
@5;:01?#A:?/;>1?A<K>51A>H-AD@1?@?
01$0;:@A:13>-:01<->@51/;:?5?@11:-/@5
B5@K?8;35/;9-@4K9-@5=A1?;A/A8@A>1881?/1
@-AD0ZK/41/H8Z1:@>K11:?1/;:013K:K>-81:1
Introduction
1@4L910A-A@#;@1:@518:@1881/@A18
<1A@<->-N@>1?A><>1:-:@0-:?A::A9K>;?<K
/5-8018->1BA1<;>@-:@?A>81?K8LB1?1:?5@A-
@5;:014-:05/-<":1?@5910Z-5881A>?=A1<8A?
0ZA:@51>?01?1:2-:@?H4-A@<;@1:@5185:@1881/
@A18=A1:;A?-<<1881>;:?#0-:?8-?A5@1
018Z->@5/81-A:1;A01AD-::K1?0Z-B-:/11@
:;A?:181?/;:?50K>1>;:?<-?/;99101?K8LB1?
1:05225/A8@K1??-A@?01/8-??1<1AB1:@/1<1:
B791B8<1A@<->-N@>1<->-0;D-801/;:?50K>1>=AZA:K8LB1H4-A@<;@1:@5185:@1881/@A18
<A5??1M@>11:?5@A-@5;:014-:05/-<0-:?:;@>1?E?@L91?/;8-5>11@<;A>@-:@A:@51>?0Z1:@>11AD
:Z5>-<-?1:?1/;:013K:K>-81!;A?-88;:?<>K/5?1>/1=A1:;A?-<<18;:?814-A@<;@1:@5185:@18
81/@A181@=A1881??;:@81?05225/A8@K??/;8-5>1?=A5<1AB1:@1:0K/;A81>!;A?0;::1>;:?1:;A@>1
81<;5:@01BA10A<?E/4;8;3A11??E?@L91?0Z-//A158;:@K@K95?1:<8-/10-:?/1>@-5:?/;8
8L31?:;A?B1>>;:?81?0522K>1:@?<>5:/5<1?>1@1:A?1@81?>-5?;:?=A56A?@5251:@81?/4;5D2-5@?!;@>1
;.61/@521?@0ZK@-.85>A:K@-@01?851AD01?/;::-5??-:/1?1@01?>1/41>/41??A>81?A61@0A4-A@<;@1:
@518-25:0Z-501>81?1:?153:-:@?1:9-@4K9-@5=A1?H>1/;::-N@>11@H-//;9<-3:1>/1?1:2-:@?
 ->51#51>>11.-A01?@<>;21??1A>-3>K3K1:9-@4K9-@5=A1H8ZA:5
B1>?5@K01%1::1?
#-?/-85:119;::51>1?@<?E/4;8;3A1/85:5/51::1H%1::1?
8-5:%;??53>;A<1?/;8-5>1SV-#5:/1A1>>5L>1VT014I@1-A
35>;:AE8-5:1%;??5K/;81K8K91:@-5>101'4;A>511@
::1)5>>5;:A:5B1>?5@K01%1::1??;:@919.>1?0A%2+&287
HJ46B(3(*7JIHJ 796)39B7J IHJ?-&98438*28.*0JIJ 01 8Z>1901
%1::1?

$ #!!"
<1A@=AZ5:@1>>;31>81? 1:?153:-:@?=A1 :;A?
?;991?;991:@8Z1:?153:191:@-/-0K95=A1
<1A@582-5885>-A<>L?01/1>@-5:?01?K8LB1?=A5
;:@81?915881A>1?<;@1:@5-85@K?<;A>1:<>;25
@1>Z5:?@5@A@5;:?/;8-5>1-8;:3@19<?53:;>K
81?#8ZK/;81>K<A.85/-5:1 :Z-A>-5@ <-?
B;/-@5;:H?Z;//A<1>01/1=A5?1>-5@A:1K85@1
?5;:/;:?50L>1=A18->KA??5@1?/;8-5>11?@85K1
-A<;@1:@5185:@1881/@A18
-:?81?-::K1?01?<->1:@?0K?19
<->K?<->8-/;:@>-05/@5;:1:@>181<;@1:@51801
81A>1:2-:@1@?;:BK/A?/;8-5>11@0KJA?<->
8Z-.?1:/101>K<;:?1?018ZG/;81?1>KA:5?
?1:@1:-??;/5-@5;:?0ZA:1<->@<;A>?Z1:@>-501>
1@0Z-A@>1<->@<;A>1??-E1>012-5>1>1/;::-N@>1
81<>;.8L91<->81?E?@L91K0A/-@52$A18=A1?
/8-??1?<58;@1??;:@/>KK1?0-:?81?-::K1?
9-5?/1?1D<K>51:/1?>1?@1>;:@<1A2>K=A1:@1?
:9->?81>-<<;>@011-:#51>>118-A
.51>?A>SV&7(30&6.7&8.32)*7B0C:*7.28*0
0*(89*00*1*2846B(3(*7 T>-<<;>@[email protected]H8-
019-:010A 5:5?@L>1018ZG0A/-@5;:!-@5;:-81
?;A?8-<>1??5;:01?-??;/5-@5;:?01<->1:@?>KBL
811:25:8->K-85@K0A<>;.8L918?1>-?A5B5<->
A:.58-:01?1D<K>51:/1?<K0-3;35=A1?0-:?81
?1/;:0013>KA3>A18811A588;A
-8;50Z;>51:@-@5;:1@01<>;3>-991<;A>
8Z-B1:5>018ZK/;8101<>1:01221/@5B1
91:@1:/;9<@181?1:2-:@? H 4-A@ <;@1:@518
5:@1881/@A181@/1AD/5?;:@ >1/;::A?/;991
K@-:@01?1:2-:@?H.1?;5:?K0A/-@52?<->@5/A851>? 
SV*7&1B2&,*1*287&446346.B7732846B:97&9
463+.8)*7B0C:*7 .28*00*(89*00*1*28 46B(3(*7
391&2.+*78&28)*7&48.89)*74&68.(90.C6*7&+.2
)*4*61*886*)*)B:*0344*6 40*.2*1*280*967438*2
8.&0.8B7&7(30&6.8B 4*98D86*&((B0B6B**2
+32(8.32)96<8-1*)K&446*28.77&,*)*0KB0C:*JT
":R0A9-51AD/5>/A8-5>1?
B51:0>;:@/;9<8K@1>/1@@18;5SV&6(39677(3
0&.6*)*7B0C:*7.28*00*(89*00*1*2846B(3(*739
1&2.+*78&28)*7&48.89)*74&68.(90.C6*7?0KB(30*
39&9(300C,*J I ":R0A;/@;.>1
1@SV#2,9.)*)K&.)*?0&(32(*48.32)*
13)90*7)*+361&8.32439692*46.7**2(3148*
)*7B0C:*7.28*00*(89*00*1*2846B(3(*7JI "
!R0A0K/19.>1&581?05225/A8@K??/;
8-5>1?>1:/;:@>K1?<->01?#?;:@9-5:@1:-:@
>1/;::A1?<->8Z:?@5@A@5;:58>1?@1/1<1:0-:@
.1-A/;A<H2-5>1-A??5.51:0-:?81/-0>1018-
2;>9-@5;:01?1:?153:-:@?H8->1/;::-5??-:/1
01??<K/525/5@K?01/1?1:2-:@?=A10-:?/18A5
0181A>>K18815:@K3>-@5;:1@<>5?11:/4->31-A
?15:018ZK/;8112-5@<;A>A: 1:?153:-:@
0ZM@>1?1:?5.585?KH/1@@1@4K9-@5=A1<1>91@@>-5@
A:/4-:3191:@01<;5:@01BA11@A:>13->0052
2K>1:@?A>/1>@-5:?K8LB1?1:1:B5?-31-:@814-A@
<;@1:@518/;991A:11D<85/-@5;: <;??5.81H
81A>?/;9<;>@191:@?;A05225/A8@K?
-?<K/525/5@K01?#:Z;.@51:@<-?81?
9M91?>K<;:?1?0A?E?@L91?/;8-5>10-:?81?
0522K>1:@?<-E??-:?<;AB;5>B>-591:@/;9<->1>
1:>-5?;:01?3>-:01?0522K>1:/1?1:@>181??E?
@L91?K0A/-@52?05?;:?=AZ;:<1A@<-??1>0ZA:1
>K1881<>5?11:/;9<@1-B1/@1?@?01$?E?@K
9-@5=A1?HA:0K?5:@K>M@/;9<81@?;AB1:@0Q
0Z-5881A>?HA:>12A?01 05?/>595:-@5;: 1:@>1
81?K8LB1?Z;.61/@52<>1951><1A@<->2;5?M@>1
01?K81/@5;::1>81?915881A>?K8LB1?<;A>A:12;>
9-@5;:018ZK85@1>51::1<1>91@/1<1:0-:@0-:?
81?>1/41>/41?-/@A1881?0Z-225>91>=AZA:1>KA?
?5@1H01?@1?@?01$1:@>-N:1=A18Z;:01B51:
:1A:05>531-:@<;85@5=A1;AA:/41>/41A>014-A@
:5B1-A#;A>81?<-E?:Z-E-:@<-?A:1@>-05
@5;:01SV?K81/@5;:VT01?#81?E?@L91K0A
/-@52<1A@-A??5?A225?-991:@<>1:0>11:/;9<
@181??<K/525/5@K?01/4-=A1K8LB1<;A>>K<;:0>1
K3-8191:@H/1AD01/1?1:2-:@?
!;A?-88;:?0-:?8-?A5@101/1@->@5/81<>K
/5?1>/1=A1:;A?-<<18;:?A:4-A@<;@1:@5185:@18
81/@A181::;A?>K2K>-:@-AD0522K>1:@1?>1/41>/41?
2-5@1??A>81?A61@!;A?0K/>5>;:?1:?A5@181?@E<1?
0105225/A8@K??/;8-5>1?=A1>1:/;:@>1:@/1?
K8LB1?<>K/5?;:?=AZA:#:Z1?@<-?@;A6;A>?
A:K8LB11:05225/A8@K1@=AZA:K8LB11:05225

$ #!!"
/A8@K:Z1?@<-?:;:<8A?@;A6;A>?A:#
!;A?B1>>;:?=A1881??;:@81?>-5?;:?=A5-9L
:1:@81?<->1:@?H/;:?A8@1>A:<?E/4;8;3A11@
=A1881?>K<;:?1?/101>:51><1A@-<<;>@1>52
2K>1:@??E?@L91?0Z-//A1581D5?@1:@<;A>>K<;:0>1
-AD.1?;5:??<K/525=A1?01/1?1:2-:@??-A@01
/8-??1>13>;A<191:@0-:?01?/8-??1??<K/5-
85?K1?;A5:@K3>-@5;:-A?15:0ZA:1/8-??1:;:
?<K/525=A1-B1/-//;9<-3:191:@<1>?;::-85
?K!;A?0K/>5>;:?01?1D19<81?0Z5:@K3>-@5;:
-A?15:0ZA:1/8-??11@B1>>;:?/1=A1/18-<1A@
-<<;>@1>H8ZK8LB1:25::;A?1??-51>;:?010;:
:1>01?5:05/1?<1>91@@-:@HA:1:?153:-:@01
>1/;::-N@>1A:4-A@<;@1:@518/41FA:1:2-:@1:
05225/A8@K-5:?5=A1=A18=A1?/;:?158?<;A>
8Z5:@K3>1>-A951AD0-:??-/8-??1
1. Le Haut Potentiel Intellectuel
&8*61.2303,.*
1/;:/1<@0Z5:@188531:/1/;:?@5@A101<A5?
8;:3@19<?A:B-?@1?A61@0Z5:B1?@53-@5;:1:;9
.>1A?1?>1/41>/41?;:@K@K91:K1??A>/1@4L91
1@<8A?51A>?@4K;>51?8-@4K;>51@>5->/45=A101
8Z5:@188531:/101&@1>:.1>3V81?5:@18
8531:/1?9A8@5<81?01->0:1>;:@K91>
3K!;A?:1<->81>;:?5/5=A101?@1?@?01$
=A5?1>B1:@01<>1951>05-3:;?@5/0-:?8-
>1/41>/410ZA:4-A@<;@1:@5185:@1881/@A180-:?
81/-?0105225/A8@K??/;8-5>1?1@:;A?:1:;A?
1:3-31>;:?<-??A>/1=A1/1?@1?@?91?A>1:@
>K188191:@';>@X-A@>1E
1@@1SV91?A>1VT018Z5:@188531:/1- K@K
5:5@5K1<->81SV)B7.6)*7*6:.60&(&97*7..28B
6*77&28*)*0KB)9(&8.32)*7&2361&9; T5:1@
1.A@K@-5@01>1<K>1><->A:1K/41881
9K@>5=A181?1:2-:@??A?/1<@5.81?01>1:/;:@>1>
81?<8A?3>-:01?05225/A8@K??/;8-5>1?1:?Z5:@K
>1??-:@-8;>?H/1AD-E-:@;.@1:A81??/;>1?81?
<8A?.-? -5?82>105:1@<1:?1=A18ZK/;81
1?@-A??55:-0-<@K1-AD1:2-:@?=AZ58-<<1881>-
81?SV?A>:;>9-ADVT/1AD=A5?1@>;AB1:@1:4-A@
01/1@@1K/41881
1?@1>91?<;A>0K?53:1>/1?1:2-:@?KB;
8A1>;:@-A/;A>?0A@19<?/;9910Z-5881A>?81?
@1?@?01$8?>128L@1:@3K:K>-8191:@01?
/;:/1<@5;:?0522K>1:@1?;:-8;:3@19<?A@585
?K81@1>9101SV?A>0;AKVT=A5>1:B;51HA:1:;@5;:
010;:1@0Z1D/L?1@@1@1>95:;8;3511?@9-5:
@1:-:@-.-:0;::K1/->1881?19.81@>;<8595@-
@5B11@:1/;:?50L>18Z1:2-:@=A1<->?1?/-<-
/5@K?5:@1881/@A1881?#8A?>K/1991:@81@1>91
0Z1:2-:@SV5:@1881/@A188191:@<>K/;/1VT1?@
-<<->A/Z1?@81@1>91A@585?K0-:?81>-<<;>@01
1-:#51>>118-A.51>8@>-0A5@ ?-:?
0;A@1951AD81??<K/525/5@K?01/1?1:2-:@?1:
-B-:/1<;A>/1>@-5:1?/;9<K@1:/1?9-5?<-?<;A>
@;A@1?581D<>591K3-8191:@810K/-8-31
1:@>1810KB18;<<191:@5:@1881/@A181@81/A>?A?
?/;8-5>1->K<;:?1-<<>;<>5K1H/1@@1@1>95
:;8;3511?@-8;>?@>;<?;AB1:@81?-A@01/8-??1
<;A>>-@@>-<1>/1 0K/-8-319-5?A:?-A@01
/8-??1<1A@1:@>-N:1>0Z-A@>1?@E<1?0105225/A8@K?
/41F01?1:2-:@?0;:@8-9-@A>-@5;:-221/@5B1;A
<?E/4;8;35=A1:1/;>>1?<;:0<-?H8-9-@A>5
@K5:@1881/@A1881
!;A?>1@1:;:?/;991.;::;9.>101
/41>/41A>?-/@A188191:@B;5>81?85B>1?/;;>
0;::K1?<->&';>069-:;A8->1BA1SV:2-:
/1VT81@1>9101SV4-A@<;@1:@5185:@1881/@A18VT
=A5@>-0A5@8Z1D5?@1:/10ZA:<;@1:@518=AZ58<1A@
M@>1:K/1??-5>101>KBK81>
9K&44*00*83292
8:;A?2-A@9-5:@1:-:@<>K/5?1>0-B-:@-
31/1=A1:;A?-<<18;:?A:#1<>1951>
/>5@L>1<A>191:@=A-:@5@-@521?@A:$?A<K
>51A>H-AD@1?@?01@E<1*1/4?81>1
?/;>1<?E/4;9K@>5=A11?@1:>K-85@K85KHA:1K/418
81?@-@5?@5=A1=A5<1>91@01/8-??1>81?<1>2;>
9-:/1?1:>1?<1/@-:@A:105?@>5.A@5;::;>9-
81-A?1:??@-@5?@5=A10A@1>91#->/;:B1:@5;:

$ #!!"
/1@@1K/41881-A:19;E1::1K3-81H1@A:
K/->@@E<101-.->>101?53:52510;:/
=AZ;:/;:?50L>181?5:05B50A?=A5;:@A:$0K<-?
?-:@8-9;E1::10101AD K/->@?@E<1? /1/5
/;>>1?<;:0<->0K25:5@5;:H1:B5>;:01
8-<;<A8-@5;:Z1?@8-0K25:5@5;:014-A@<;@1:
@5185:@1881/@A18>1/;::A1<->8Z">3-:5?-@5;:
;:05-81018-&-:@K
-B-81A>;.@1:A10-:?A:@1?@01$
:Z1?@/1<1:0-:@<-?A:1B-81A>-.?;8A1@;A@1
91?A>1<?E/4;8;35=A1/;9<>1:0A:11>>1A>01
91?A>11@0;5@0;:/M@>1-??;/5K1HA:5:@1>
B-88101/;:25-:/1;::1>A:?1A58<>K/5?1?@
0;:/588A?;5>1<->1D19<811-:4->81?
'1>>-??51>1?@591=AZA: 1:2-:@ -B1/
A:$?A<K>51A>H-A>-A:2;:/@5;::191:@
/;3:5@520522K>1:@0ZA:1:2-:@SV@;A@B1:-:@VT
51-B1/A:$/;9<>5?1:@>11@1@
=A181/;:@>-@050-/@5=A1-0-<@KH8-9;E1:
:101?1:2-:@?:Z1?@<-?-0-<@KH/1@1:2-:@
<->@5/A851>0Z;PA:>5?=A1010K?/;8->5?-@5;:
!;@;:?=A1?58Z;:>1@51:@/1?1A5801;:
;.@51:@-8;>?0ZA:1@>-:/410ZI31/1=A5
1?@0ZA:1-9<81A>/;9<->-.81H8-0E?81D51;A
H0Z-A@>1?@>;A.81?0Z-<<>1:@5??-31 .K:K25
/5-:@0ZA:1-@@1:@5;:/1>@1?8K35@5919-5?
<8A?59<;>@-:@10-:?8-/;99A:-A@KK0A/-
@5B1=A1/18810A4-A@<;@1:@5185:@1881/@A18-
/;:2A?5;:1:@>1#1@K8LB1?/;8-5>191:@
.>588-:@1?@1:/;>1@>L?<>K?1:@1
1@1?@81<8A?A@585?K1:>-:/1<;A>0K@1/
@1>A:4-A@<;@1:@5181?@81*&)*1/4?
81>:@188531:/1&/-812;>4580>1:0-:??-B1>
?5;:)(@585?K01<A5?58-8Z-B-:@-31
/;:@>-5>191:@H8-B1>?5;:<>K/K01:@1=A5:Z1:
/;:?50K>-5@=A101AD0ZKB-8A1>=A-@>1-?<1/@?
0A<;@1:@5185:@1881/@A18V 8-/;9<>K41:?5;:
B1>.-8181>-5?;::191:@<1>/1<@528-9K9;5
>101@>-B-581@8-B5@1??10A@>-5@191:@018Z5:2;>
9-@5;:8<1>91@-5:?5010K@1>95:1><8A?
=AZA:?59<81:;9.>1A:<>;258/;3:5@5201
8Z1:2-:@":>1@>;AB1?;AB1:@/41F81?#A:
<>;258@>L?4K@K>;3L:1-A*&):2-5@
8Z1:2-:@H4-A@<;@1:@5185:@1881/@A18:1<1A@
<-?M@>1/;:?50K>K/;991SV<8A?5:@188531:@VT
9-5?/;991-E-:@A:1-A@>12;>910Z5:@188531:/1
8<;??L011:1221@A:9;0101<1:?K1@>L?052
2K>1:@018-9;E1::1 01 8- <;<A8-@5;:1@/1
=A5:Z1?@-A0K<->@=AZA:1?<K/525/5@K<1A@01B1
:5>A:1<-@4;8;3511@>1:0>105225/581?;:-0-<
@-@5;:?/;8-5>19-5?-A??5?;:-0-<@-@5;:?;/5-
81!;A?E>1B51:0>;:?1:0K@-58<8A?8;5:
1?K@A01?2-5@1?0-:?81/-0>1@4K;>5=A1
0A/;:?@>A/@5B5?91<5-3K@51:#8-:/41
;:@9;:@>K=A1SV8-B5@1??10Z-/=A5?5@5;:01?052
2K>1:@1?:;@5;:?H8Z5:@K>51A>0ZA:9M91?@-01
B->510-:?819M91?1:?=A181$9-5?=A1
81<-??-310ZA:?@-01-A?A5B-:@>1=A51>@A:I31
/4>;:;8;35=A1?1A58VT1>E@491010KB18;<
<191:@01?#1?@0;:/<;:/@AK01<4-?1?
0Z-//K8K>-@5;:1@01<4-?1?0Z-<<>1:@5??-31
<8A?SV4-.5@A1881?VT18-1:@>-N:1A:10E?4->
9;:510-:?81?/E/81? 0Z-<<>1:@5??-31-B1/
01?<K>5;01?;P8Z1:2-:@<>;3>1??1>-<50191:@
1@0Z-A@>1?;P58-8Z59<>1??5;:01?@-3:1>1@?Z1:
@>;AB12>A?@>K
&Z58E--A@-:@ 0125881?=A1013->J;:?
-E-:@A:$?A<K>51A>H;:/;:?@-@1
/1<1:0-:@=A1#?A>0K/18K?1:05225
/A8@K?/;8-5>1?;:@01?3->J;:?1?25881??19
.81:@951AD?Z-0-<@1>;A.51:812-5@0ZM@>11:
05225/A8@K?/;8-5>1>1?@19;5:?<>K;//A<-:@<;A>
/1?1D10-:?A:1?;/5K@K;P8ZK3-85@K4;991
21991>1?@11:/;>1<>;.8K9-@5=A119M91
/;:@>-5>191:@H/1=A18Z;:<;A>>-5@/>;5>158
:ZE-<-?01/;>>K8-@5;:2;>@11:@>1814-A@
:5B1-A01$1@81?/-@K3;>51??;/5-81?9-5?
8H1:/;>181@>-5@191:@018-05225/A8@K?/;8-5
>1:Z1?@<-?1:/;>1@;A@H2-5@8-9M91?18;:8-
/-@K3;>51?;/5;<>;21??5;::1881018-2-95881
(:.58-:<?E/4;8;35=A12-5@<;A>0K/181>
A:4-A@<;@1:@5185:@1881/@A18:1?Z->>M@16-9-5?
HA:/-8/A801$/18A5/51?@6A?@1A:5:05

$ #!!"
/-@1A>=A5<1>91@01/5.81>81?/-A?1?0ZA:1052
25/A8@K=AZ1881?;5@?/;8-5>1;A<?E/4;8;35=A1
1?@1?@?;A01?.58-:?01/>K-@5B5@K01<1>
?;::-85@K019;@5B-@5;:0Z1?@59101?;5;A1:/;
>101<?E/4;9;@>5/5@K?1>;:@K3-8191:@<>;
<;?K?-AD1:2-:@?<;A>951AD/1>:1>81A>?
-<@5@A01?(:1:@>1@51:-B1/81? 2-95881? 1@
0-:?8Z50K-8-B1/81?1:?153:-:@?018Z1:2-:@
1?@-A??5;>3-:5?K<;A>/;::-N@>18ZKB;8A@5;:<?E
/4;8;35=A11@/;3:5@5B1018Z#1:Z1?@=AZH
8-?A5@10ZA:/1>@-5::;9.>10ZK@A01?1@01
.58-:?=AZA:1K=A5<19K05/;<?E/4;8;35=A1<>;
<;?1>-01?<5?@1?01>19K05-@5;:-AD05225/A8
@K?;A01@>-5@191:@
*774B(.+.(.8B7)K92
*80*78639'0*7&773(.B7
1?;.?1>B-@5;:?91:K1?6A?=AZ5/5?A>81?
#;:@9;:@>KA:/1>@-5::;9.>101/->-/
@K>5?@5=A1?/;99A:1?(:#:181?-A>-
<-?2;>/K91:@@;A@1?9-5?1:<>K?1:/101<8A
?51A>?0Z1:@>11881?581?@59<;>@-:@01<>;/K
01>HA:@1?@<;A>501:@5251>8-<>K?1:/10ZA:4-A@
<;@1:@518:1221@/1?1:2-:@?>1??1:@1:@?;A
B1:@81A>0522K>1:/19-5??-:??-B;5>8Z1D<>5
91>:58Z5:@1><>K@1>/1=A5<1A@1:@>-N:1>A:1
?;A22>-:/1<?E/4;8;35=A1
;991;:<1A@?ZE-@@1:0>18Z-/=A5?5@5;:
0A8-:3-311@018-81/@A>11?@?;AB1:@<>K/;
/19-5?/Z1?@8;5:0ZM@>1@;A6;A>?81/-?Z1:2-:@
0KB18;<<1/1<1:0-:@>-<50191:@A:B;/-.A8-5>1
59<;>@-:@1@?;:-5?-:/1B1>.-818Z1:@>-N:1?;A
B1:@0-:?01?05?/A??5;:?<-??5;::K1?=A5H8-
8;:3A1<1AB1:@01B1:5>5:?A<<;>@-.81?<;A>
8Z1:@;A>-3181?@1:1221@@;A6;A>?1:019-:
010Z5:2;>9-@5;:??A>01?@4L91?@>L?B->5K?<->
2;5?1D5?@1:@518?8-9-8-0518-9;>@HA:
I31;P/1>@-5:1?>K<;:?1?:1<1AB1:@=A1
8Z-:3;5??1>&58Z1:@;A>-312-9585-8<1A@M@>1<8A?
;AB1>@H8-9A8@5<85/5@K01?=A1?@5;:?8Z1:?15
3:-:@1:/4->31010-B-:@-310Z1:2-:@?H8-2;5?
:1<1A@<-?@;A6;A>?-??A91>/128;@01=A1?
@5;:?<-?@;A6;A>?1:>-<<;>@0Z-5881A>?-B1/81?
@4L91?@>-5@K?1:/8-??1/1=A5<1A@-<<->-N@>1
/;9915:?;81:@;A->>;3-:@1@8Z5:/;9<>K
41:?5;:<1A@-8;>??Z5:?@-881>
Z1:2-:@1?@/-<-.810Z-??59581>01:;9
.>1A?1?/4;?1?1:9M91@19<?581?@@;A6;A>?
H8Z-22Q@8-9M91.1?;5:01<8A?51A>??@59A
8501@E<1?0522K>1:@?<;A>=A1?;:1?<>5@@>-B-5881
.51:=AZ1:@>-5:01 85>1 58 ?1>-/-<-.8101
2-5>1A:1>19->=A1<1>@5:1:@1?A>8-/;:B1>?-
@5;:1:/;A>?8<1A@;.?1>B1>81<-E?-31<->
8-21:M@>1018-/8-??11@M@>11:9M91@19<?
-@@1:@52H/1=A5?1<-??10-:?8-<5L/18<1A@
K3-8191:@:1<;>@1>-@@1:@5;:=AZHA:?1A8?A61@
?5/18A5/581<-??5;::19-5?0-:?/1/-?58B1A@
@;A@1:?-B;5>#1@5@58?1<-??5;::1<->1D19<81
<;A>8Z;>535:1018ZA:5B1>?;A81?05:;?-A>1?
&-9-@A>5@K:1A>;9;@>5/1:Z1?@<-?H8-
4-A@1A>01?;:0KB18;<<191:@5:@1881/@A18
9-83>K?1?=A-85@K?;>-81?1@8->5/41??101?;:
B;/-.A8-5>158K/>5@9-8 &1?/-<-/5@K?3>-
<45=A1?:1?A5B1:@<-?8-B5@1??101?-<1:?K1
1@/18-812>A?@>1Z1?@<8A??;AB1:@81/-?/41F
81?3->J;:?=A1/41F81?25881?=A5;:@A:0KB1
8;<<191:@018-9;@>5/5@K25:1<8A?<>K/;/1
&1?3>-:01?/;9<K@1:/1?9:K?5=A1?=AZ58
?Z-35??1018-9K9;5>101@>-B-58=A559<85=A1
8Z-@@1:@5;:;A018-9K9;5>1H8;:3@1>91
-??;/5K1?H?;:9;0101<1:?K11:->.;>1?/1:/1
8A5<1>91@@1:@A:1B5@1??101@>-5@191:@>-<501
01?<>;.8L91?-<1>@5:1:/101?1?>K<;:?1?
?A><>1:01@1?@?;AB1:@1:0K/-8-31-B1/?;:/;9
<;>@191:@-221/@52=A5>1?@1/18A50ZA:1:2-:@
';A@1??1?<1>/1<@5;:??;:@@>L?0KB18;<
<K1?%K/1<@52H@;A@1?81??1:?-@5;:?B5?A1881?
-A05@5B1?8Z1:2-:@H4-A@<;@1:@5185:@1881/@A18
0KB18;<<1A:1?1:?5.585@KK9;@5;::18811@-221/
@5B159<;>@-:@181?@@>L??1:?5.81H8Z5:6A?@5
/1<;A>8A59M919-5?-A??5<;A>81?-A@>1?
&;:19<-@451:-@A>1881<1A@8Z1:@>-N:1>H/-/41>