Act. Méd. Int. - Métabolismes - Hormones - Nutrition, Volume V, n° 6, novembre-décembre 2002
264
Conclusion
L’ensemble des données présentées indique
que l’aldostérone pourrait être impliquée
dans la régulation de la balance énergétique
et de certaines fonctions métaboliques. Le
RM, quant à lui, pourrait être responsable
non seulement des effets minéralocorticoïdes,
mais aussi des effets glucocorticoïdes et
donc représenter un gène candidat potentiel
pour l’obésité humaine et ses complications.
L’importance de cet axe de recherche réside
dans la possibilité d’identifier de nouveaux
gènes impliqués dans la différenciation adipo-
cytaire et/ou des processus métaboliques
propres à l’adipocyte, constituant de nou-
velles cibles thérapeutiques éventuelles dans
l’obésité.
Références
1.
Verrey F, Pearce D, Pfeiffer R et al. Pleiotropic
action of aldosterone in epithelia mediated by
transcription and post-transcription mecha-
nisms. Kidney Int 2000 ; 57 : 1277-82.
2.
Geller DS, Farhi A, Pinkerton N et al.
Activating mineralocorticoid receptor mutation
in hypertension exacerbated by pregnancy
[see comments]. Science 2000 ; 289 : 119-23.
3.
Zennaro MC, Le Menuet D, Viengchareun S
et al. Hibernoma development in transgenic
mice identifies brown adipose tissue as a novel
target of aldosterone action. J Clin Invest
1998 ; 101 : 1254-60.
4.
Penfornis P, Viengchareun S, Le Menuet D
et al. The mineralocorticoid receptor mediates
aldosterone-induced differentiation of T37i
cells into brown adipocytes. Am J Physiol
Endocrinol Metab 2000 ; 279 : E386-94.
5.
Viengchareun S, Penfornis P, Zennaro MC,
Lombes M. Mineralocorticoid and glucocorti-
coid receptors inhibit UCP expression and
function in brown adipocytes. Am J Physiol
Endocrinol Metab 2001 ; 280 : E640-9.
6.
Mangelsdorf DJ, Thummel C, Beato M et al.
The nuclear receptor superfamily : the second
decade. Cell 1995 ; 83 : 835-9.
7.
Arriza JL, Weinberger C, Cerelli G et al.
Cloning of human mineralocorticoid receptor
complementary DNA : structural and func-
tional kinship with the glucocorticoid receptor.
Science 1987 ; 237 : 268-75.
8.
Verrey F. Transcriptional control of sodium
transport in tight epithelia by adrenal steroids.
J Membrane Biol 1995 ; 144 : 93-110.
9.
Chen SY, Bhargava A, Mastroberardino L et
al. Epithelial sodium channel regulated by
aldosterone-induced protein sgk. Proc Natl
Acad Sci USA 1999 ; 96 : 2514-9.
10.
Naray-Fejes-Toth A, Canessa C,
Cleaveland ES et al. sgk is an aldosterone-
induced kinase in the renal collecting duct.
Effects on epithelial na+ channels. J Biol
Chem 1999 ; 274 : 16973-8.
11.
Verrey F. Early aldosterone action : toward
filling the gap between transcription and
transport. Am J Physiol 1999 ; 277 : F319-27.
12.
Robert-Nicoud M, Flahaut M, Elalouf JM
et al. Transcriptome of a mouse kidney cortical
collecting duct cell line : effects of aldosterone
and vasopressin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
2001 ; 98 : 2712-6.
13.
Boulkroun S, Fay M, Zennaro MC et al.
Characterization of rat NDRG2 (N-Myc
downstream regulated gene 2), a novel early
mineralocorticoid-specific induced gene.
J Biol Chem 2002 ; 277 : 31506-15.
14.
Trapp T, Rupprecht R, Castrèn M et al.
Heterodimerization between mineralocorticoid
and glucocorticoid receptor : a new principle
of glucocorticoid action in the CNS. Neuron
1994 ; 13 : 1457-62.
15.
Liu W, Wang J, Sauter NK, Pearce D. Steroid
receptor heterodimerization demonstrated in
vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
1995 ; 92 : 12480-4.
16.
Farman N, Rafestin-Oblin ME. Multiple
aspects of mineralocorticoid selectivity. Am J
Physiol Renal Physiol 2001 ; 280 : F181-92.
17.
Lombes M, Kenouch S, Souque A et al. The
mineralocorticoid receptor discriminates
aldosterone from glucocorticoids indepen-
dently of the 11
β
-hydroxysteroid dehydroge-
nase. Endocrinology 1994 ; 135 : 834-40.
18.
Zennaro MC, Keightley MC, Kotelevtsev Y
et al. Human mineralocorticoid receptor genomic
structure and identification of expressed iso-
forms. J Biol Chem 1995 ; 270 : 21016-20.
19.
Zennaro MC, Farman N, Bonvalet JP,
Lombes M. Tissue-specific expression of
α
and
β
messenger ribonucleic acid isoforms of the
human mineralocorticoid receptor in normal
and pathological states. J Clin Endocrinol
Metab 1997 ; 82 : 1345-52.
20.
Zennaro MC, Le Menuet D, Lombès M.
Characterization of the human mineralocorticoid
receptor gene 5’-regulatory region : evidence
for differential hormonal regulation of two
alternative promoters via non-classical mecha-
nisms. Mol Endocrinol 1996 ; 10 : 1549-60.
21.
Bloem LJ, Guo C, Pratt JH. Identification
of a splice variant of the rat and human
mineralocorticoid receptor genes. J Steroid
Biochem Mol Biol 1995 ; 55 : 159-62.
22.
Zhou MY, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Gomez-
Sanchez EP. An alternatively spliced rat
mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA causing
truncation of the steroid binding domain. Mol
Cell Endocrinol 2000 ; 159 : 125-31.
23.
Zennaro MC, Souque A, Viengchareun S et
al. A new human MR splice variant is a ligand-
independent transactivator modulating corti-
costeroid action. Mol Endocrinol 2001 ; 15 :
1586-98.
24.
Goodfriend TL, Egan BM, Kelley DE.
Plasma aldosterone, plasma lipoproteins, obesity
and insulin resistance in humans. Prostaglandins
Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1999 ; 60 : 401-5.
25.
Glasow A, Haidan A, Hilbers U et al.
Expression of Ob receptor in normal human
adrenals : differential regulation of adreno-
cortical and adrenomedullary function by leptin.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 ; 83 : 4459-66.
26.
Malendowicz LK, Nussdorfer GG,
Markowska A. Effects of recombinant murine
leptin on steroid secretion of dispersed rat
adrenocortical cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol
Biol 1997 ; 63 : 123-5.
27.
Malendowicz LK, Macch C, Nussdorfer
GG, Nowak KW. Acute effects of recombinant
murine leptine on rat pituitary-adrenocortical
function. Endocr Res 1998 ; 24 : 234-46.
28.
Rondinone CM, Robbard D, Baker ME.
Aldosterone stimulates differentiation of mouse
3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes. Endocrinology
1993 ; 132 : 2421-6.
29.
Hauner H, Entenmann G, Wabitsch M et
al. Promoting effects of glucocorticoids on the
differentiation of human adipocyte precursor
cells cultured in a chemically defined medium.
J Clin Invest 1989 ; 84 : 1663-70.
Synthèse