137
Métabolismes Hormones Diabètes et Nutrition (XII), n°3, mai-juin 2008
Mise au point
Mise au point
Figure 3. Choix du mode de revascularisation chez les patients dia-
bétiques (adapté de 3).
En cas d’ICP, implantation d’un DES fortement recommandée (à
l’exception de l’infarctus du myocarde en phase aiguë).
Patient diabétique avec indication de revascularisation coronaire
Sténose du TCG
≥ 50% Tritronculaire
ou
bitronculaire
avec sténose IVA
proximale ≥ 70%
Monotronculaire
ou
bitronculaire
sans sténose IVA
proximale
Haut risque
PC recommandé PC recommandé
en première
intention, ICP
alternative
raisonnable
ICP
recommandée
Aucune
stratégie
recommandée,
choix au cas
par cas
Les DES, réduisant le taux de resténose et donc la néces-
sité de revascularisations répétées, principale faiblesse, du
moins à court terme, des ICP par rapport aux PC, et les
résultats de la prise en charge médicale globale du patient
diabétique ont fait naître la nécessité d’essais randomisés
dédiés aux diabétiques comparant ces stratégies modernes.
Deux de ces essais, internationaux, sont actuellement en
cours et aideront probablement à préciser la stratégie théra-
peutique optimale. Tout d’abord, l’étude BARI 2 D (Bypass
Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes)
comparera, chez des patients diabétiques de type 2 avec
des lésions coronaires stables angiographiquement docu-
mentées, selon un plan factoriel 2 x 2, revascularisation
associée à un traitement médical agressif versus traite-
ment médical agressif seul, et simultanément deux stra-
tégies intensives de contrôle glycémique. Les inclusions
ont pris fin en mars 2005 avec un total de 2368 patients
inclus. Le critère de jugement principal sera la mortalité
toutes-causes à 5 ans. Enfin, l’essai FREEDOM (Future
Revascularization Evaluation in patients with Diabetes
mellitus: Optimal Management of Multivessel disease),
dont les inclusions sont en cours, comparera les MACCE
à 1 an puis la mortalité à 5 ans chez environ 1500 patients
diabétiques pluritronculaires, revascularisés soit par ICP
avec DES et abciximab (anti-Gp IIbIIIa), soit par PC.
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