P. Delamillieure L’Encéphale, 2006 ;
32 :
21-4, cahier 2
S 24
Les addictions touchent environ 40 % des sujets bipo-
laires alors qu’elles touchent 10 % de la population géné-
rale. Les conduites addictives surviennent après le début
de la maladie, notamment pour les formes à début pré-
coce. L’abus de substances illicites et d’alcool favorisant
les rechutes thymiques (dépressives ou maniaques) et
l’apparition d’éléments psychotiques, peuvent chroniciser
un épisode dépressif et majorer la fréquence des états
mixtes, des cycles rapides et le risque suicidaire (8).
La non-compliance au traitement
Elle entraîne une augmentation du risque de rechutes
et des conduites addictives, du nombre d’hospitalisations,
de prescription de neuroleptiques.
La résistance au traitement
L’existence de cycles rapides, de dépression chronique
et d’état mixte favorise la résistance au traitement (14).
CONCLUSION
Le trouble bipolaire implique très souvent des altéra-
tions psychosociales importantes. Une accumulation de
manifestations psychopathologiques constitue un facteur
prédictif du devenir psychosocial des patients. Ces don-
nées soulignent l’intérêt d’une prise en charge précoce
avec un repérage des formes à début précoce, l’instaura-
tion d’un traitement pharmacologique et psychothérapi-
que, et d’une éventuelle réhabilitation psychosociale.
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