Table des matières - Bookery Education

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978-0-521-71411-2 - Essential Grammar in Use Edition Francaise, Deuxieme Edition
Raymond Murphy
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Table des matières
Remerciements vii
Pour les étudiant-e-s viii
Pour les enseignant-e-s x
Le présent
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
am/is/are (forme affirmative et négative)
am/is/are (forme interrogative)
I’m hungry / It’s cold etc.
I am doing (present continuous)
are you doing? (present continuous, forme interrogative)
I do/work/like etc. (present simple, forme affirmative)
I don’t … (present simple, forme négative)
Do you … ? (present simple, forme interrogative)
I am doing (present continuous) et I do (present simple)
I have … et I’ve got …
Le passé
11
12
13
14
15
was/were
worked/got/went etc. (past simple)
I didn’t …
Did you … ? (past simple, forme négative et interrogative)
I was doing (past continuous)
I was doing (past continuous) et I did (past simple)
Present perfect
16
17
18
19
20
21
I have done (present perfect 1)
I’ve just …
I’ve already …
I haven’t … yet (present perfect 2)
Have you ever … ? (present perfect 3)
How long have you … ? (present perfect 4)
for
since
ago
I have done (present perfect) et I did (past simple)
Le passif
22 is done
was done (passif 1)
23 is being done
has been done (passif 2)
Les formes du verbe
24 be/have/do (present et past)
25 Verbes réguliers et irréguliers
Le futur
26
27
28
29
What are you doing tomorrow? (présent à valeur future)
I’m going to …
will/shall 1
will/shall 2
Les auxiliaires de mode, l’impératif etc.
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
might
can et could
must
mustn’t
don’t need to
should
I have to …
Would you like … ?
I’d like …
Do this!
Don’t do that!
Let’s do this!
I used to …
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978-0-521-71411-2 - Essential Grammar in Use Edition Francaise, Deuxieme Edition
Raymond Murphy
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There
38 there is
there are
39 there was/were
there has/have been
there will be
Les verbes auxiliaires
40
41
42
43
I am, I don’t etc.
Have you?
Are you?
Don’t you? etc.
too/either
so am I / neither do I etc.
isn’t, haven’t, don’t etc. (formes négatives)
La forme interrogative
44
45
46
47
48
49
is it … ?
have you … ?
do they … ? etc. (forme interrogative 1)
Who saw you?
Who did you see? (forme interrogative 2)
Who is she talking to?
What is it like? (forme interrogative 3)
What … ?
Which … ?
How … ? (forme interrogative 4)
How long does it take … ?
Do you know where … ?
I don’t know what … etc.
Le discours indirect
50 She said that …
He told me that …
-ing et to …
51 work/working
go/going
do/doing
52 to … (I want to do) et -ing (I enjoy doing)
53 I want you to …
I told you to …
54 I went to the shop to …
Go, get, do, make et have
55 go to …
go on …
56 get
57 do et make
58 have
go for …
go -ing
Les pronoms et les possessifs
59
60
61
62
63
64
A et
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
I/me
he/him
they/them etc.
my/his/their etc.
Whose is this?
It’s mine/yours/hers etc.
I/me/my/mine
myself/yourself/themselves etc. (pronoms réfléchis)
-’s (Kate’s camera / my brother’s car etc.)
the
a/an …
train(s)
bus(es) (singulier et pluriel)
a bottle / some water (noms dénombrables/indénombrables 1)
a cake / some cake / some cakes (noms dénombrables/indénombrables 2)
the …
go to work
go home
go to the cinema
I like music
I hate exams
the … (avec les noms de lieu)
iv
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Raymond Murphy
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Les déterminants et les pronoms
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
this/that/these/those
one/ones
some et any
not + any
no
none
not + anybody/anyone/anything
nobody/no-one/nothing
somebody/anything/nowhere etc.
every et all
all
most
some
any
no/none
both
either
neither
a lot
much
many
(a) little
(a) few
Les adjectifs et les adverbes
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
old/nice/interesting etc. (adjectifs)
quickly/badly/suddenly etc. (adverbes)
old/older
expensive / more expensive
older than …
more expensive than …
not as … as
the oldest
the most expensive
enough
too
L’ordre des mots
92
93
94
95
He speaks English very well. (ordre des mots 1)
always/usually/often etc. (ordre des mots 2)
still
yet
already
Give me that book!
Give it to me!
Les conjonctions et les relatives
96
97
98
99
100
and
but
or
so
because
When …
If …
If I had …
If we went … etc.
a person who …
a thing that/which … (propositions relatives 1)
the people we met
the hotel you stayed at (propositions relatives 2)
Les prépositions
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
at 8 o’clock
on Monday
in April
from … to
until
since
for
before
after
during
while
in
at
on (prépositions de lieu 1)
in
at
on (prépositions de lieu 2)
to
in
at (prépositions de lieu 3)
under, behind, opposite etc.
up, over, through etc. (prépositions de mouvement)
on
at
by
with
about
afraid of … , good at … etc.
of/at/for etc. (prépositions) + -ing
listen to … , look at … etc. (verbe + préposition)
Phrasal verbs
112 go in, fall off, run away etc. (phrasal verbs 1)
113 put on your shoes
put your shoes on (phrasal verbs 2)
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Raymond Murphy
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Annexes
Annexe 1
Annexe 2
Annexe 3
Annexe 4
Annexe 5
Annexe 6
Annexe 7
Annexe 8
L’actif et le passif 229
Liste des verbes irréguliers 230
Verbes irréguliers par groupes 231
Formes contractées (he’s / I’d / don’t etc.) 232
Spelling (Orthographe) 234
Phrasal verbs (take off / give up etc.) 236
Phrasal verbs + objet (put out a fire / give up your job etc.)
Quantificateurs (very/much/many etc.) 238
Exercices supplémentaires
237
239
Guide d’étude 258
Corrigés des exercices 269
Corrigés des exercices supplémentaires
Corrigés du guide d’étude 293
Index
290
295
vi
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Raymond Murphy
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Unité
31
can et could
A
I can play
the piano.
He can play the piano. Il sait jouer du piano.
Could you open
the door, please?
Pouvez-vous ouvrir la porte, s’il vous plaı̂t?
Can est suivi de l’infinitif (can do / can play / can come etc.):
I/we/you/they
he/she/it
do
can
play
can’t (cannot) see
come etc.
do?
I/we/you/they play?
can
he/she/it
see?
come? etc.
Observez que la forme négative s’écrit en un seul mot: cannot (et non pas can not).
B
I can do something = ‘je sais faire … ’ ou ‘je peux faire … ’ ou ‘je suis capable de faire’ quelque chose.
I can play the piano. My brother can play the piano too.
Sarah can speak Italian, but she can’t speak Spanish.
‘Can you swim?’ ‘Yes, but I’m not a very good swimmer.’ ‘Sais-tu nager?’ …
A: Can you change twenty pounds? Pouvez-vous changer … ?
B: I’m sorry. I can’t. Désolé, je ne peux pas.
I’m having a party next week, but Paul and Rachel can’t come. … ne peuvent pas venir.
En anglais, on emploie can avec les verbes de perception ( I can see / we can hear etc.). En français, on dit
simplement ‘je vois’, ‘nous entendons’, etc.
Can you hear me? Vous m’entendez?
I can see a light. Je vois une lumière. (= je distingue une lumière)
C
Au passé (yesterday / last week etc.) on emploie could/couldn’t:
When I was young, I could run very fast. … je courais très vite.
Before Maria came to Britain, she couldn’t understand much English. Now she can
understand everything.
… elle ne comprenait pas … Maintenant elle comprend tout.
I was tired last night, but I couldn’t sleep. … mais je ne pouvais pas dormir.
I had a party last week, but Paul and Rachel couldn’t come. … n’ont pas pu venir.
D
Can you … ? Could you … ? Can I … ? Could I … ?
On emploie Can you … ? ou Could you … ? pour demander quelque chose à quelqu’un:
Can you open the door, please? ou Could you open the door, please?
Can you wait a moment, please? ou Could you wait … ?
On emploie Can I have … ? ou Could I have … ? pour demander quelque chose:
(dans un magasin) Can I have these postcards, please? ou Could I have … ?
Can I … ? ou Could I … ? = Puis-je … ?:
Tom, can I borrow your umbrella? ou Tom, could I borrow your umbrella?
(au téléphone) Hello, can I speak to Gary, please? ou … could I speak … ?
62
May I ... ? → Unité 30
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978-0-521-71411-2 - Essential Grammar in Use Edition Francaise, Deuxieme Edition
Raymond Murphy
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Exercices
Unité
31
31.1 Demandez à Steve s’il sait faire les choses suivantes:
1
4
2
3
5
chess
6
You
1
2
3
4
5
6
Steve
Can you swim?
10 kilometres
Et vous? Répondez à ces mêmes questions en utilisant I can ou I can’t.
7 I
8
9
10
11
12
31.2 Complétez les phrases en utilisant can ou can’t + un des verbes suivants:
come
1
2
3
4
5
find
hear
see
speak
I’m sorry, but we can’t come to your party next Saturday.
I like this hotel room. You
the mountains from the window.
You are speaking very quietly. I
you.
Have you seen my bag? I
it.
Catherine got the job because she
five languages.
31.3 Complétez les phrases ci-dessous en utilisant can’t ou couldn’t + un des verbes suivants:
decide
1
2
3
4
5
6
eat
find
go
go
sleep
I was tired, but I couldn’t sleep .
I wasn’t hungry yesterday. I
my dinner.
Kate doesn’t know what to do. She
.
I wanted to speak to Martin yesterday, but I
him.
James
to the concert next Saturday. He has to work.
Paula
to the meeting last week. She was ill.
31.4 Que dit-on dans les situations suivantes? Utilisez can ou could avec le verbe entre parenthèses.
1 (open)
2 (pass)
3 (turn off )
5 (look)
6 (use)
Could you open
the door, please?
............................................................
............................................................
4 (have)
63
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