LAUREA MAGISRALE Esercitazione 07 -‐14-‐2017

!"#$%"&'"()*$"!%&
%+,-./012/34,&&56&7897:586&
!
!
"#!$%&'()*(&$('!$%&$+(,('!-*!.+(/0,!
);43-140& <,+& =,41.,+& >,& >?+1+0-,& ?.343=/@A,& B-14>/,+&C1-& <,+& /4+0/0A0/34+&
/40,-410/341<,+D&<,+&E-/0144/@A,+&340&>?./>?&>,&@A/00,-&<F#4/34&,A-3C?,44,D&3AG-140&1/4+/&
A4,& H-,& >F/4.,-0/0A>,& +14+& C-?.?>,40I& !,& C1J+& >,G-1/0& B/,40K0& L0-,& -100-1C?& C1-& <,+&
.34+?@A,4.,+&.34.-H0,+&>,&+34&.M3/NI&
*12!3245632!78191:8;<2&
O14+& <F/==?>/10D& .F,+0& A4,& =/4/70,=CL0,& P/414./H-,& @A/& >,G-1/0& +3APP<,-I& Q3/-& <1&
./4@A/H=,&CA/++14.,&?.343=/@A,&=34>/1<,&@A/00,-&<,&41G/-,&,A-3C?,4&1A-1&,4&,PP,0&A4&
/=C1.0& C<14?01/-,I& Q,4>-,>/D& <,+& E3A-+,+& >,& R34;& S34;& ,0& T3UJ3& 340& C<34;?D&.,<<,& >,&
!34>-,+&1&3AG,-0&,4&B1/++,&>,&6V&,0&.,<<,&>,&W1-/+&,0&X-14.P3-0&>,&85VI&*/;4,&@A/&4,&
0-3=C,&C1+D&<,+&=1-.M?+&+,&+340&C-?./C/0?+&+A-&<1&G1<,A-&-,PA;,&C1-&,N.,<<,4.,D&<F3-I&!,&
.3A-+&>,&<Y34.,&+Y,+0&,4G3<?&Z&<YM,A-,&>,+&-?+A<010+&>A&-?P?-,4>A=&Z&+34&4/G,1A&<,&C<A+&
P3-0&>,CA/+&>,AN&14+I&%0&.,&4F,+0&C-3B1B<,=,40&@A,&<,&>?BA0I&
-2=!911>2=!?2!1>@A:8938A1=!9B2:!=2=!59<32198<2=!:A442<:89CD&
!,& -,0-1/0& >,& <Y#%& 4,& G1& +,& P1/-,& ,4& @A,<@A,+& [3A-+I& )<& >,G-1/0& +Y,PP,.0A,-& +A-& C<A+/,A-+&
144?,+I& !,& $3J1A=,7#4/& C,->-1& C1-& >?P/4/0/34& <,& B?4?P/.,& >,+& 1..3->+& .3==,-./1AN&
C1++?+&C1-&<Y#%&,0&+,+&C1-0,41/-,+&Z&0-1G,-+&<,&=34>,I&&
E2=!F<839118GC2=!=2<A13!3AC=!5HC=!59CB<2=&
!,& C-3>A/0& /40?-/,A-& B-A0& \W)E]& >A& C1J+& +,-1/0& >F/./& Z& :5^5& /4P?-/,A-&>,& _V& Z& .,& @AF/<&
1A-1/0&?0?&,4&.1+&>,&C3A-+A/0,&>,&<F1G,40A-,&,A-3C?,44,I&
*1!<2H;B24213!?2=!F9<<8;<2=!?AC918;<2=&
"G,.& <,& E-,N/0& +Y3AG-,& ,4& -?1</0?& A4,& <34;A,& C?-/3>,& >F/4.,-0/0A>,D& 1G,.& >,+&
.34+?@A,4.,+& C3A-& <,+& ,40-,C-/+,+& B-/0144/@A,+D& <,& .3==,-.,& ,0& <F100-1.0/34& >,+&
/4G,+0/++,=,40+I&&
*1!59I=!4A81=!9338<913=!5AC<!H2=!81B2=38==2C<=&
O,& 43=B-,A+,+& ,40-,C-/+,+& A0/</+,40& <,& $3J1A=,7#4/& .3==,& C3-0,& >F,40-?,& G,-+&
<F%A-3C,I& `-& .,-01/4,+& >F,40-,& ,<<,+& 340& C-?G,4A& @AF,<<,+& -,<3.1</+,-1/,40&<,A-& +/H;,&
,A-3C?,4&,4&.1+&>,&E-,N/0I&%0&.,<1&4F1&C1+&0-1/4?I&!1&B14@A,&1=?-/.1/4,&aW'3-;14D&@A/&
,=C<3/,& 8_I555& C,-+344,+& 1A& $3J1A=,7#4/D& 1& C-?G,4A& G,4>-,>/& @AF,<<,& C3A--1/0&
>?C<1.,-& 8I555& Z& 9I555& ,=C<3/+& M3-+& >A& C1J+& Z& <1& +A/0,& >,& <1& G/.03/-,& >A& E-,N/0& 1A&
-?P?-,4>A=I&&
*12!<>:2==8A1!21!52<=52:38B2&
%40-,&<,+&?.M14;,+&.3==,-./1AN&,4&B,-4,&,0&<F,=C<3/&,4&C,-0,&>,&G/0,++,D&<1&.-3/++14.,&
B-/0144/@A,& -/+@A,& >,& +,& -?>A/-,I& !,& X')& ,4G/+1;,& >,AN& +.?41-/3+& C3++/B<,+&b& A4&
c+.?41-/3&</=/0?d&,0&A4&+.?41-/3&c>?P1G3-1B<,dI&O14+&<,&C-,=/,-&.1+D&<1&.-3/++14.,&>A&W)E&
>,&<Y?.343=/,&B-/0144/@A,&-1<,40/-1/0&Z&8D6V&.,00,&144?,D&CA/+&Z&8D9V&,4&:586I&O14+&<,&
+,.34>&.1+D&<,&$3J1A=,7#4/&03=B,-1/0&.1--?=,40&,4&-?.,++/34&,4&:586&Z&e&5DfV&1G140&
>,&+,&-,>-,++,-&Z&g&5D_V&,4&:58fI&&
*1!:JK49@2!21!J9C==2&
!1&C144,&>,&.-3/++14.,&@A,& >,G-1/0&,4-,;/+0-,-&<,&$3J1A=,7#4/&1A-1& ?G/>,==,40&>,+&
.34+?@A,4.,+&+A-&<Y,=C<3/I&!,&+,.0,A-&P/414./,-&+,-1/0&C1-=/&<,+&C<A+&03A.M?+I&&
*1!491GC2!L!@9@12<!78=:9H&
h,00,&C144,&>,&.-3/++14.,&-,>3A0?,&>,G-1/0&1++?.M,-&<,+&-,40-?,+&P/+.1<,+I&!F)4+0/0A0&>,+&
?0A>,+& BA>;?01/-,+& \)X*]& C-?G3/0& A4& =14@A,& Z& ;1;4,-& 144A,<& .3=C-/+& ,40-,& :5& ,0& 95&
=/<</1->+&>,&</G-,+&>F/./&Z&:5:5I&&
*12!7C832!?2=!39H213=!?C!:J9458A1193!91@H98=!M!&
*/& <,& $3J1A=,7#4/& 4F1--/G1/0& C1+& Z& 4?;3./,-& A4& 1..3->& +A-& <1& </B-,7./-.A<10/34& >,+&
C,-+344,+& 1A& +,/4& >,& <F,+C1.,& ,A-3C?,4D& >,& 43=B-,AN& [3A,A-+& >,& W-,=/,-& !,1;A,& \<1&

C-,=/H-,& >/G/+/34& >,& P330B1<<& 14;<1/+,]& /++A+& >,& <F#4/34& %A-3C?,44,& C3A--1/,40& L0-,&
.340-1/40+& >,& @A/00,-& <,& C1J+I& %4& ,PP,0D& /<+& +,-1/,40& .34+/>?-?+& .3==,& ,N0-17
.3==A41A01/-,+& ,0& >,G-1/,40& -,=C</-& .,-01/4+& .-/0H-,+& 0-H+& +0-/.0+& C3A-& C3AG3/-&
.340/4A,-&Z&[3A,-&>14+&<,A-+&.<AB+&-,+C,.0/P+I&&
*1!B8=9!5AC<!9HH2<!L!EA1?<2=!M!
*/& <,& $3J1A=,7#4/& 1--/G,& Z& 4?;3./,-& A4& 1..3->& <A/& C,-=,00140& >,& -,+0,-& 1A& +,/4& >A&
=1-.M?&A4/@A,D&/<&,+0&C-3B1B<,&@A,&<1&</B-,&./-.A<10/34&>,+&C,-+344,+&+3/0&1.@A/+,&,0&@A,&
+,&>?C<1.,-&,0&0-1G1/<<,-&3A0-,7=14.M,&4,&+3/0&C1+&A4&3B+01.<,I&T3A0&>?C,4>-1&,4&-?1</0?&
>,+&=3>1</0?+&4?;3./?,+&,40-,&<,&$3J1A=,7#4/&,0&<,+&C1J+&=,=B-,+&>,&<Y#%I&%0&/<&4F,+0&
>34.& C1+& ,N.<A& @AY/<& P1/<<,& A4& G/+1& C3A-& G3J1;,-& >14+& <,& C1J+& >14+& <1& =,+A-,& 3i& <,&
$3J1A=,7#4/&4,&P1/0&C1+&C1-0/,&>,&*.M,4;,4I&&
EN813>@<83>!?C!+AI9C42O*18!21!GC2=38A1!
!,+& -?+A<010+& >A& -?P?-,4>A=& +A-& <,& E-,N/0& =340-,40& A4& C1J+& >/G/+?D& 1G,.& !34>-,+D&
<F%.3++,&,0&<F)-<14>,&>A&j3->&@A/&G3A<1/,40&-,+0,-D&014>/+&@A,&<,&43->&>,&<F"4;<,0,--,&,0&<,&
W1J+&>,&(1<<,+&340&<1-;,=,40&G30?&.340-,I&O,+&-?+A<010+&@A/&-/+@A,40&>,&=,00-,&,4&C?-/<&
<F/40?;-/0?& >A& $3J1A=,7#4/I& !1& W-,=/H-,& =/4/+0-,& ?.3++1/+,& j/.3<1& *0A-;,34& 1& >?.<1-?&
@A,&+1&-?;/34&kG3/0&+34&1G,4/-&1A&+,/4&>,&<F#%kD&,40-3AG-140&1/4+/&<1&C3-0,&Z&A4&43AG,1A&
-?P?-,4>A=&+A-&<F/4>?C,4>14.,I&%4&)-<14>,&>A&j3->D&<,&*/44&X,/4D&P1G3-1B<,&1A&=1/40/,4&
>14+&<F#%D&1&<A/&1CC,<?&Z&A4&-?P?-,4>A=&+A-&A4,&)-<14>,&A4/P/?,I&
-2=!52<32=!5AC<!H2=!213<25<8=2=!7<91P98=2=!
*/&>,+&1..3->+&A<0?-/,A-+&>,&</B-,7?.M14;,&4,&+340&C1+&.34.<A+&1G,.&<F#%D&<1&X-14.,&P,-1&
C1-0/,& >,+& +/N& C1J+& <,+& C<A+& 03A.M?+& C1-& <,& E-,N/0& +,<34& <,& .1B/4,0& %A<,-& R,-=,+I& !,+&
,40-,C-/+,+& P-14l1/+,+& C3A--1/,40& ,4-,;/+0-,-& [A+@AFZ& ^D:& =/<</1->+& >F,A-3+& >,& C,-0,+&
1>>/0/344,<<,+&Z&<F,NC3-0&>F/./&:58mD&>14+&<,&C/-,&>,+&.1+I&*3/0&03A0&>,&=L=,&5DnV&>A&0301<&
>,+&,NC3-010/34+&>,&B/,4+&,0&+,-G/.,+I&&
QA81=!?2!3AC<8=32=!F<839118GC2=!:23!>3>!
!,&.?<HB-,&M3==,&>F1PP1/-,+&(,3-;,&*3-3+&<A/&1&C-?>/0&A4,&>?;-/4;3<1>,&>F1A&=3/4+&8nV&
P1.,&1A&>3<<1-I&'?.14/@A,=,40D&<,+&G1.14.,+&>A&03A-/+0,&14;<1/+&+,-340&C<A+&.MH-,+I&&
&
*3A-.,&b& M00CboopppI.4,p+=10/4IP-o=34>,o:586759758o8^7.34+,@A,4.,+7.34.-,0,+7
>A7B-,N/076^:6^5&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
!
!
!

.<2D83!R!21!(C<A52S!A1!12!BA83!GCNC1!=2CH!52<?913S!23!8H!1N2=3!59=!=C<!H2!:A1381213!!
!
!3-+@AYA4,&C,-+344,&,40-,0/,40&>,+&-LG,+&/41..,++/B<,+D&34&>/0D&,4&P-14l1/+D&@AY,<<,&G,A0&«"
le"beurre,"l’argent"du"beurre"et"le"sourire"de"la"crémière"».&hY,+0&,N1.0,=,40&.,&@AY/<&P1A0&
-,0,4/-&>A&>/+.3A-+&>,&TM,-,+1&'1J&+A-&<,&«"hard"Brexit"»&@AY,<<,&+3AM1/0,&b&,4&-?1</0?D&<,&
E-,N/0& @AY,<<,& +3AM1/0,& 4Y,+0& «" hard" »& @A,& C3A-& <,+& %A-3C?,4+D& =1/+& «" soft" »" C3A-& <,+&
E-/0144/@A,+D&CA/+@AY,<<,&G,A0&;1->,-&03A+&<,+&1G1401;,+&>,&<Y1CC1-0,414.,&>,&+34&C1J+&Z&
<Y#4/34&+14+&1A.A4,&.340-,C1-0/,I&&
$?+A=34+b& >YA4,& C1-0D& B/,4& +q-D& TM,-,+1& '1J& +3AM1/0,& A4,& -AC0A-,& c& .<1/-,& ,0& 4,00,& d&
1G,.& <Y#4/34D& .Y,+07Z7>/-,& 4,& C<A+& +/?;,-& >14+& +,+& /4+0/0A0/34+D& .340-/BA,-& 1A& BA>;,0&
.3==A41A01/-,&,0&B/,4&+q-&-,+C,.0,-&+1&<?;/+<10/34I&OY1A0-,&C1-0D&,<<,&4,&G,A0&C1+&>YA4&
+010A0& >,& c& =,=B-,& C1-0/,<& 3A& 1++3./?& d& @A,<.34@A,& @A/& /=C</@A,-1/0& @AY,<<,& >3/G,& +,&
C</,-& 1AN& ,N/;,4.,+D& >14+& @A,<@A,+& >3=1/4,+& @A,& .,& +3/0I& hY,+0& ,4+A/0,& @A,& l1& +,&
.3=C</@A,D&.1-&'1J&,+0/=,&C3++/B<,&@A,&+,+&,40-,C-/+,+&.34+,-G,40&<Y1..H+&<,&C<A+&<1-;,&
C3++/B<,&1A&=1-.M?& A4/@A,D& 4301==,40&,4&4?;3./140&>,+&1..3->+& >3A14/,-+&+,.03-/,<+&
1G,.&<Y#4/34I&%0&.Y,+0&<Z&@A,&.,<1&>,G/,40&/40?-,++140I&W1-.,&@A,&>-3/0&>,&>3A14,&3A&C1+D&
/=C3-0,-&A4&B/,4&+A-&A4&=1-.M?&+ACC3+,&<,&-,+C,.0&>,+&43-=,+&<3.1<,+&b&,4&.<1/-D&+/&<,+&
E-/0144/@A,+& G,A<,40& ,NC3-0,-& <,A-+& G3/0A-,+& \,4& P1/0D& >,+& G3/0A-,+& 1<<,=14>,+& 3A&
[1C341/+,+]&G,-+&<,&G/,AN&.340/4,40D&/<+&>,G-340& -,+C,.0,-&<,+& <3/+&,A-3C?,44,+D&.Y,+07Z7
>/-,&+YJ&+3A=,00-,I&*A-&.,&C3/40D&/<&4YJ&1&C1+&>,&=3J,4&0,-=,I&O34.D&,4&-?1</0?D&<1&-AC0A-,&
c&.<1/-,&,0&4,00,&d&4,&C3A--1&.34.,-4,-&@AYA4,&C1-0/,&>,&<Y/4>A+0-/,&B-/0144/@A,D&.,<<,&@A/&
P1B-/@A,& C3A-& <,& =1-.M?& <3.1<I& *A-03A0D& ,<<,& 4,& >/0& -/,4& +A-& <,+& +,-G/.,+& b& .3==,40&
;1-140/-&<Y1..H+&>,+&B14@A,+&1A&G/,AN&.340/4,40D&C1-&,N,=C<,D&A4,&4?.,++/0?,&CA/+@A,&<1&
h/0J&4,&+,-1&B/,40K0&C<A+&<1&C<1.,&P/414./H-,&>,&<Y,A-3& r&sAY,+07.,&@A,&TM,-,+1&'1J&,+0&
C-L0,&Z&3PP-/-&,4&?.M14;,&r&
h1-&<1&-?1</0?&,+0&B-A01<,D&4Y,4&>?C<1/+,&1A&+,40/=,40&410/341<&<3.1<&b&.Y,+0&A4,&CA/++14.,&
=3J,44,&>,&_n&=/<</34+&>YM1B/0140+D&>340&<1&=1[3-/0?&>,+&/4>A+0-/,+&,+0&C3++?>?,&C1-&>,+&
.1C/01AN&?0-14;,-+D&@A/&G1&4?;3./,-&1G,.&<YA4,&>,+&C-/4./C1<,+&CA/++14.,+&.3==,-./1<,D&
?.343=/@A,&,0&=34?01/-,&>A&=34>,D&A4,&CA/++14.,&>30?,&>YA4&=1-.M?&>,&9n5&=/<</34+&
>,&C,-+344,+I&sA,<+&+340&<,+&C1J+&G,-+&<,+@A,<+&<1&(-14>,7E-,01;4,&,NC3-0,&,0&>Y3i&G/,40&
A4,& B344,& C1-0/,& >,+& /4G,+0/++,=,40+& ?0-14;,-+& r& `i& ,+0& <,& C3AG3/-& r& sA/& 1& <,& C<A+& Z&
C,->-,&>14+&<Y1PP1/-,&r&
',41.,-& <,+& %A-3C?,4+& >,& +,& 0-14+P3-=,-& ,4& C1-1>/+& P/+.1<& +/& [1=1/+& <,& $3J1A=,7#4/&
4Y3B0/,40& C1+& .,& @AY/<& G,A0& -,<HG,& >,& <Y,4P140/<<1;,&b& A4,& 0,<<,& +3<A0/34& ,+0& C3++/B<,D& ,0&
,4.3-,D&C3A-& A4& =/.-37t010&+14+&/4>A+0-/,&<3.1<,D&C1+& C3A-& A4&C1J+&.3==,&<1& (-14>,7
E-,01;4,I& h3==,40& /=1;/4,-& @A,& <,+& %A-3C?,4+& <1/++,40& C1-0/-& <,A-+& ,40-,C-/+,+& 3A&
<,A-+& .1C/01AN& +14+& -?1;/-& r& !,& 43AG,<& 1<</?& 1=?-/.1/4& @A/& =,41.,& +,+& ,40-,C-/+,+& @A/&
>?<3.1</+,40&<,A-+&C-3P/0+&<1/++,-1707/<&TM,-,+1&'1J&0-14+P3-=,-&+34&C1J+&,4&C3-0,71G/34&
>,&<Y3C0/=/+10/34&P/+.1<,&r&
W/-,& C3A-& TM,-,+1& '1JD& /<& 4,& P1A0& C1+& .3=C0,-& +A-& A4,& >/G/+/34& >,+& %A-3C?,4+& +A-& .,&
>3++/,-I&OYA4,&C1-0D&C1-.,&@AY/<+&340&C3</0/@A,=,40&?43-=?=,40& Z&C,->-,&,4&1.0140&A4&
1..3->&P1G3-1B<,&1AN"Brexiters&@A/&-,4P3-.,-1/0&<,A-+&,A-3CM3B,+&<3.1ANI&O,&.,&C3/40&>,&
GA,D& <1& +3-0/,& ,4& >3A.,A-& 4Y1& +,A<,=,40& 1A.A4& +,4+& 0,.M4/@A,=,40D& =1/+& ,+0&
C3</0/@A,=,40&1B+A->,I&OY1A0-,&C1-0D& C1-.,& @AY/<& P1A0& <YA414/=/0?& >,+&:6&C3A-&1.0,-& A4&
1..3->I&*/434D&,4&=1-+&:58mD&<1&(-14>,7E-,01;4,&+,-1&03A0&+/=C<,=,40&>,M3-+I&O/G/+,-&
<,+&%A-3C?,4+D&.Y,+0&<1&.,-0/0A>,&@AY/<&4YJ&1A-1&1A.A4&deal.&E-,PD&34&C,A0&03->-,&<,&E-,N/0&
>14+&03A+&<,+&+,4+D&[,&4,&G3/+&@AYA4&C,->140&,0&/<&4Y,+0&C1+&+A-&<,&.340/4,40I&
&
&
*3A-.,&b& M00CbooB-AN,<<,+IB<3;+I</B,-10/34IP-o:586o58o:^oB-,N/07,47,A-3C,74,7G3/07
@AA47+,A<7C,->1407,07/<74,+07C1+7+A-7<,7.340/4,40o&
&

&
&
&
&
&