II-3 Taxonomie ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...50
II-4 Habitat ……………………………………………………………………………………....................................................52
II-5 Ecosystème gastro-intestinal……………………………………………………………….........................................52
II-6 Utilisation des bactéries lactiques dans le domaine agro-alimentaire …........................................55
II-7 Intérêts des bactéries lactiques en santé humaine ………………………………………...............................59
II-8 Souches probiotiques utilisées…………………………………………………………… ………………………………….. .59
II-9 Probiotiques et les infections gastro-intestinales……………………………………………………………............60
II-10 Interaction entre les bactéries lactiques…………………………………………………………………………….…...60
II-10-1 Inhibition des bactéries lactiques…………………………………………………………………………………….…….61
II-10-1-1 Acides organiques……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………....61
II-10-1-2 peroxyde d'hydrogène ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 64
II-10-1-3 dioxyde de carbone ………………………………………………………………………………………………….........65
II-10-1-4 Diacétyle……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………65
II-10-1-5 Acétaldéhyde………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..66
II-10-1-6 Reutérine……………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………..66
II-10-1-7 Bactériocines …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..67
II-11 Les lactobacilles………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..68
II-11-1 Caractères généraux……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….68
II-11-2 Habitat………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………71
II-11-3 Effets des lactobacilles sur la santé…………………………………………….……………………………………71
Matériel et méthodes
Objectif du travail………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………….74
I-Isolement et identification de H. pylori …………………………………………………………………..…………………….75
I-1 Echantillon et origine du matériel……………………………………….……………………………………………………..75
I-2 Prélèvement ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...75
I-3 Conservation des biopsies …………………………………………………………………………………………….…………76
I-4 Examen anatomopathologique …………………………………………….…………………………………………………..76
I-5 Examens microbiologiques …………………………………………………………………………………………………..….. 76
I-5-1 Examen cytologique ………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….... 76
I-5-2 Test rapide à l’Urée……………………………………………………………………………..………………………………...77
I-5-3 Culture et isolement ……………………………………………………………………………..…………………...........7
I-5-3-1 Condition de culture ……………………………………………………………………………………..………………...78
I-5-3-2 Milieux de culture ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..78
I-5-3-3 Isolement ………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………...79
I-5-3-4 Identification ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………...79
I-5-3-4-1 Examen macroscopique…………………………………………………….……………………………………………….79
I-5-3-4-2 Examen microscopique …………………………………………………..…………………………………………………80
I-5-3-4-3 Etat frais………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…80
I-5-3-4-4 Tests biochimiques ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 80
I-5-4 Antibiogramme ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….80
I-5-5 Conservation ..………………………………………………..………..…………………………………….……………………..81
I-5-6
A
PPLICATION DE LA TECHNIQUE
PCR
EN TEMPS REEL
………………………………………………………………………
83
II-
I
SOLEMENT ET CARACTERISATION DES LACTOBACILLES
…………………………………………………………………………......85
II-1
P
ROVENANCES DES ECHANTILLONS DU LAIT
…………………………………………………………………….…………………...85
II-2
M
ILIEUX DE CULTURE
……………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………….85
II-3
I
SOLEMENT ET IDENTIFICATION DES LACTOBACILLES
……………………………………………………………………………….85
II-3-1
I
SOLEMENT
……………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………...85
II-3-2
I
DENTIFICATION DES LACTOBACILLES
……………………………………………………………..……………………………...86
II-3-2-1
C
ARACTERISATION MORPHOLOGIQUE
……………………………………………………..…………………………………....86
II-3-2-2
D
ETERMINATION DES ISOLATS
………………………………………………………................................................86
II-3-2-3
D
ETERMINATION DU GENRE
………………………………………………………………………………………………....…..87
II-3-2-3-1
T
EMPERATURE
………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………..
87
II-3-2-3-2
T
YPE FERMENTAIRE
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………87
II-3-2-3-3
H
YDROLYSE DE L
’
ARGININE
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..87
II-3-2-3-4
U
TILISATION DU CITRATE
……………………………………………………………………………………………..…………88
II-3-2-3-5
H
YDROLYSE DE L
’
ESCULINE
………………………………………………………………….…………………………………88