Types de surdité
*HNL:OHGLH;L>KO[=:GLGHMK>[MN=>MRI>L=>LNK=BM[
E:LNK=BM[=>MK:GLFBLLBHG>ME:LNK=BM[=>I>K<>IMBHG(:
LNK=BM[ => MK:GLFBLLBHG >LM IK[=HFBG:GM> :O><
=>L<:L=>LNK=BM[*HLK[LNEM:MLLHGM<HFI:
K:;E>L:O><<>NQ=>'+1//%,JNB:MKHNO[
=>LNK=BM[=>MK:GLFBLLBHG<HGMK:BK>F>GMW#5!#.!5
W+N:@:=HN@HN>M*#W5:HNG=[JNBHGMNMB
EBL[ E•:N=BHF[MKB> HGM K>MKHNO[ MRI>L => LNK=BM[
/01.0>GNLMK:EB>>GNMBEBL:GME>=B:@GHLMB<<EB
GBJN>:MKHNO[NGL>NEMRI>=>LNK=BM[=>LNK=BM[
=>MK:GLFBLLBHG>K[LNEM:ML•>QIEBJN>I:KE:IK[=HFB
G:G<>=>L[MBHEH@B>L=>LLNK=BM[L=>MK:GLFBLLBHGW<>M
X@>L>EHG/$++.#%(!/>M#15+0>MI:K
E:=B??[K>G<>=:GLE:F[MAH=HEH@B>NMBEBL[>
(:LNK=BM[=>I>K<>IMBHGG>K>IK[L>GM>JN>=:GL
GHMK>[MN=>>MRI>=>LNK=BM[>LMEB[LHBMWNG>:MM>BGM>
>G=H<H<AE[:BK> HN =N G>K? <H<AE[HO>LMB;NE:BK> HN E•:M
M>BGM>=N<>GMK>:N=BMB?:NGBO>:N=NMKHG<<[K[;K:E<>JNB
>GMK:BG>LHNO>GMNG>=[?B<B>G<>:N=BMBO>L[O\K>BEL>K:BM
BGM[K>LL:GM=>=[M>KFBG>KE>GBO>:N=>E[LBHGWI:KMBK=>L
>QIEHK:MBHGL?HG<MBHGG>EE>L<HFF>E>K>?E>Q>LM:I[=B>G>M
E>IHM>GMB>E[OHJN[:N=BMBO>
,:KK:IIHKMWE•X@>>M:NL>Q>E:LNK=BM[G•:II:K:BMI:L=>
F:GB\K>LB@GB?B<:MBO>
Les étiologies
Surdités de transmission
(>L [MBHEH@B>L =>L LNK=BM[L => MK:GLFBLLBHG LHGM E:K@>
F>GM=HFBG[=:GLGHMK>[MN=>I:K
E>L;HN<AHGL=><[KNF>GNGBHN;BE:M[K:E>=>
<:L <>L ;HN<AHGL <HGLMBMN>GM => O[KBM:;E>L H;LM:<E>L
F[<:GBJN>L JNB >FI]<A>GM E: MK:GLFBLLBHG => E•HG=>
LHGHK> B>G JN> ;:G:E> >EE> I>NM <HGLMBMN>K NG> O[KB
M:;E>F:E:=B>=HGG:GME•BFIK>LLBHG=•NG<HKIL[MK:G@>K=>
E•HK>BEE>HN=•NG:<HNIA\G>A>SGHNLHfBEG•>QBLM>I:L
=>/>KOB<>L=•+.(=:GLGHLIKHOBG<>LE>L;HN<AHGL=>
<[KNF>G LHGM =>L FHMB?L =•[O:<N:MBHG L:GBM:BK> :GL
GHMK> [MN=> E•>QMK:<MBHG => <>L ;HN<AHGL => <[KNF>G
L•>LM?:BM>I:K E:O:@>:IK\LK:FHEEBLL>F>GMI:KE•BGLMBEE:
MBHG=><[KNERL>@HNMM>*HLK[LNEM:ML=BO>K@>GM:O><<>EE>
=> #5!.! JNB : MKHNO[ => ;HN<AHGL =>
<[KNF>G>M=> 100JNB:MKHNO[
(>L HMBM>L FHR>GG>L K>IK[L>GM>GM E: \F> <:NL> =>
LNK=BM[=>MK:GLFBLLBHG=:GLGHMK>[MN=>:O><=>
<:L<HGMK:BK>F>GMW#5!.!>M'+1//%JNBHGM
MKHNO[IENL=>=>I:MAHEH@B>L=>E•HK>BEE>FHR>GG>
(>LHMBM>LFHR>GG>LJN•>EE>LLHB>GM:B@N>LHN<AKHGBJN>L
LHGM EB[L :NQ E[LBHGL BG?><MB>NL>L >M BG?E:FF:MHBK>L =>
E•HK>BEE>FHR>GG>*HNL:OHGLMK:BM[E>LHMBM>LFHR>GG>
:B@N>L:O><=NIHER=>Q:@HNMM>JNB>LMNG>:LLH<B:MBHG
=>IHERFRQBG>:O><=>E:G[HFR<BG>>M=>E:=>Q:F[
MA:LHG>,HNKE>LHMBM>LFHR>GG>L<AKHGBJN>LGHNLE>L
:OHGL MK:BM[>L I:K H?EH<>M @HNMM> JNB >LM <HGLMBMN[> =>
E•H?EHQ:<BG>:GMB;BHMBJN>WE:K@>LI><MK>=>E:?:FBEE>=>
JNBGHEHG>
(>L <HKIL [MK:G@>KL => E•HK>BEE> K>IK[L>GM>GM =>
<:L=:GLGHMK>[MN=>%ELLHGM<HGLMBMN[L=>FHK<>:N=>
<K:B>=><:BEEHNQ=>I>KE>L=>@K:BG>L>M=><HMHGMB@>
BGMKH=NBML =:GL E> <HG=NBM :N=BMB? I:K E>L >G?:GML >NQ
F]F>(>NK>QMK:<MBHGL•>LM?:BM>I:KE:O:@>!G<:L=•BG
?E:FF:MBHG=N<HG=NBM:N=BMB?GHNL:=FBGBLMKHGL=NIHER
=>Q:@HNMM>
Surdité de perception
(>L[MBHEH@B>L=>E:LNK=BM[=>I>K<>IMBHGLHGMK>IK[L>G
M[>L=:GLGHMK>[MN=>I:KE:F[GBG@BM>E•HMHMHQB<BM[WE:
JNBGBG> >M E•A[K[=BM[ JNB LHGM =>L <:NL>L [OBM:;E>L (>L
<A>K<A>NKL/HN=:G:BL=:GLE>NKL[MN=>L:IIKHNO>GM
JN•HG I>NM IK[O>GBK E: F[GBG@BM> I:K E: O:<<BG:MBHG E:
MK:GLFBLLBHG=>L@\G>L=>E:LNK=BM[I:KE•BGM>K=B<MBHG=>
F:KB:@><HGL:G@NBG>ME•HMHMHQB<BM[>G[OBM:GM=>IK>G=K>
E:JNBGBG>
CONCLUSION
(>=[IBLM:@>=>LNK=BM[>GFBEB>NL<HE:BK>JNBL•>LM=[KHN
E[=N:NCNBGW:G@NB:I>KFBL=><HGLNEM>K
[E\O>LN<HNKL=><>=[IBLM:@><:L=>LNK=B
M[HGM[M[=B:@GHLMBJN[LLHBMNG>IK[O:E>G<>=>
=> <:L (>L LNK=BM[L => MK:GLFBLLBHGL K>IK[L>GM:B>GM
=><:L,:KFBE>L[MBHEH@B>LE>L;HN<AHGL=><[KN
F>G>ME>LBG?><MBHGL=>E•HK>BEE>FHR>GG>[M:B>GMIK[=H
FBG:GML0HNLE>L>G?:GMLHGM[M[@K:MNBM>F>GMMK:BM[L>M
HGMK>MKHNO[NG>:N=BMBHGGHKF:E>
>K[LNEM:MFHGMK>JN>IENL=>=>L[MBHEH@B>L=:GL
GHMK>[MN=>LHGM<NK:;E>LF[=B<:E>F>GM>MLHGM[OBM:;E>L
I:K E: IK[O>GMBHG IKBF:BK> E> =[IBLM:@> :IIKHIKB[ LNBOB
=•BGM>KO>GMBHGF[=B<:E>E•X@>L<HE:BK>E>=[IBLM:@>>ME>
MK:BM>F>GM IK[<H<>L =>L C>NG>L >G?:GML I>KF>MM>GM =>
IK[O>GBKE>L=B??B<NEM[L=•:IIK>GMBLL:@>E:=[EBGJN:G
<>>M>G?BG=•:F[EBHK>KE>LK[LNEM:MLL<HE:BK>L=>L>G?:GML
(: =[?B<B>G<> :N=BMBO> G>NKHL>GLHKB>EE> >LM >G @[G[K:E
I>KF:G>GM> >M G[<>LLBM> NG> K[[=N<:MBHG :N FHR>G
=•NG>IKHMA\L>:N=BMBO>HKFHBGL=•NG>I>KLHGG>LNK
>G?KBJN> LN;L:A:KB>GG> :R:GM ;>LHBG =•NG> IKHMA\L>
>G=BLIHL>L>EHG+)/ HG<E:IK[O>GMBHGK>LM>IKB
FHK=B:E> =:GL E: ENMM> <HGMK> E>L LNK=BM[L G>NKHL>GLH
KB>EE>L<A>SE>L>G?:GML!EE>I:LL>I:K
(: O:<<BG:MBHG =>L >G?:GML <HGMK> E>L F:E:=B>L BG?><
MB>NL>LM>EE>LJN>E:KHN@>HE>E:F[GBG@BM>E:KN;[HE>>M
E•HK>BEEHGJNBHGMNGMKHIBLF>LNKE•HK>BEE>BGM>KG>
(:O:<<BG:MBHG=>L?>FF>L>GX@>=>IKH<K[>K:O:GM
E>NK IK>FB\K> @KHLL>LL> JNB I>KF>M =•[OBM>K E>L
>F;KRH?tMHI:MAB>L:O><:MM>BGM>=>E•HK>BEE>BGM>KG><A>S
E>?tMNL
(•:F[EBHK:MBHG=>LLHBGLIK[>MI[KBG:M:EL
(•[OB<MBHG =>L F[=B<:F>GML HMHMHQBJN>L I>G=:GM E:
@KHLL>LL>>M:IK\LE:G:BLL:G<>:BGLBJN>E>LF:KB:@>L
<HGL:G@NBGLIHNK[OBM>KE:?HKF>A[K[=BM:BK>=>LNK=BM[=>
I>K<>IMBHG
J. tun ORL - n° 28 JuIn-DÉCEMBRE 2012 21
DEPISTAGE DE SURDITE DANS LES ECOLES
FONDAMENTALES I DE LA VILLE DE BANGUI
F. POUMALE et al