Les protéines dans l`alimentation crue

!
Les$protéines$dans$l’alimentation$crue!
!
"#$%&'!('!)'&*#++'*!,-.!*'!/0+1'+2!(0+*!/30/.$'+202.#+!1&-'!)'.+'+2!4!1#$)&'+(&'!
(3#5!)'-6'+2!%.'+!6'+.&!/'*!)&#27.+'*!(0+*!-+'!0/.$'+202.#+!1#$)#*7'!'**'+2.'//'$'+2!
('!8&-.2*9!/7:-$'*9!#/70:.+'-;9!'2!:&0.+'*!'2!17&70/'*!:'&$7'*<!
=#-&!$.'-;!1#$)&'+(&'9!./!80-2!1'**'&!(30(&'**'&!1'!)&#%/>$'!)0&!/0!*'-/'!,-0+2.27!('!
)&#27.+'*!'+!:&0$$'*<!?/!80-2!0+0/@*'&!('!)/-*!)&>*!/0!,-0/.27!('!1'*!)&#27.+'*9!1#$$'+2!
'//'*!*#+2!0**.$./7'*!)0&!/'!1#&)*!A-$0.+9!*.!'//'*!0))#&2'+2!%.'+!1'!(#+2!/'!1#&)*!0!
%'*#.+!'2!&'6.*.2'&!/30&:-$'+2!('!%0*'!*'/#+!/',-'/!/3B2&'!A-$0.+!0!-+!%'*#.+!(72'&$.+7!
C*'/#+!*#+!D:'!'2!*0!*.2-02.#+E!'+!:&0$$'*!('!)&#27.+'*<!F+8.+9!./!80-2!&')/01'&!1'22'!
(.*1-**.#+!(0+*!/'!1#+2';2'!(3-+'!*#1.727!$#('&+'!,-.!-*'!'2!0%-*'!('*!)&#27.+'*!
0+.$0/'*9!0-!:&0+(!(72&.$'+2!('!/0!*0+27!)-%/.,-'<!?/!'*2!:&0+(!2'$)*!('!&'6#.&!1'&20.+'*!
.(7'*!%.'+!.+*20//7'*!(0+*!/0!$'+20/.27!('!/0!$0G#&.27!H!
!"#$%&#'%&()*&#%*#+,(-.)*%&#&(*-#/0,1%2%*-#%301.,.&#
I30)&>*!'+6.&#+!JKK!72-('*!*1.'+2.8.,-'*9!-+!&7:.$'!,-.!1#$)&'+(!'+6.&#+!JL!('!
)&#27.+'*!'*2!/0&:'$'+2!*-88.*0+2!)#-&!/0!)/-)0&2!('*!B2&'*!A-$0.+*!C*#-&1'!M!N!OA'!
PA.+0!Q2-(@!R!(-!I&<!P0$)%'//E<!S.+*.!/'*!+#&$'*!1.27'*!)0&!/'*!+-2&.2.#++.*2'*!'2!/'*!
$7('1.+*!012-'/*!*#+2!1#$)/>2'$'+2!';0:7&7'*!'2!%0*7'*!*-&!('*!(#++7'*!'+!)0&2.'!
'&&#+7'*!,-.!(02'+2!(3./!@!0!2&>*!/#+:2'$)*<!T0!*1.'+1'!('!/0!+-2&.2.#+!'*2!&'/02.6'$'+2!
&71'+2'!'2!/0!)/-)0&2!('*!+-2&.2.#++.*2'*!*#+2!8#&$7*!4!/0!$B$'!N!71#/'!('!)'+*7'!R!,-'!
/'*!$7('1.+*9!4!*06#.&!/0!2&0(.2.#++'//'!)@&0$.('!0/.$'+20.&'!,-.!+30!)0*!76#/-7!(')-.*!
('*!(71'++.'*<!F2!1A0,-'!0++7'!('!+#-6'//'*!72-('*!+#-*!&76>/'+2!('*!7/7$'+2*!
+#-6'0-;<!I'!*-&1&#U29!./!*'$%/'&0.2!,-3-+!&7:.$'!2&#)!&.1A'!'+!)&#27.+'*!80**'!
%'0-1#-)!)/-*!('!(7:D2*!,-3-+!&7:.$'!,-.!#88&'!2&#)!)'-!*'/#+!/'*!+#&$'*!012-'//'*<!!
4"#$%&#+,(-.)*%&#5.1.-0/%&#&(*-#6%#')%*#2%)//%7,%#870/)-.#
T30/.$'+202.#+!1&-'!#88&'!('*!)&#27.+'*!*#-*!-+'!8#&$'!)/-*!801./'$'+2!0**.$./0%/'!)0&!
/'!1#&)*!A-$0.+!,-'!/'*!0/.$'+2*!1-.2*9!13'*2!)#-&,-#.!./!'+!80-2!$#.+*<!Q'/#+!/9:*&-)-7-#
;03#</0*=>9!/0!$#.2.7!('*!)&#27.+'*!)&7*'+2'*!(0+*!/'*!0/.$'+2*!*#+2!(72&-.2'*!)0&!/0!
1-.**#+<!P'!,-.!*.:+.8.'!,-'!/'*!VWXYKL!('!)&#27.+'*!*#.2!(.*0+2!)&7*'+2*!(0+*!/0!6.0+('!
*#+2!'+!&70/.27!&7(-.2*!4!'+6.&#+!ZYXZWL<!
I'!)/-*9!('!+#$%&'-*'*!72-('*!(7$#+2&'+2!7:0/'$'+2!,-'!/'*!)&#27.+'*!(3#&.:.+'!
67:720/'!*#+2!)/-*!*0.+'*!,-'!1'//'*!(3#&.:.+'!0+.$0/'<!T0!1#+*2.2-2.#+!('!+#*!.+2'*2.+*!
&'**'$%/'!(060+20:'!4!1'-;!('*!0+.$0-;!A'&%.6#&'*!C2&>*!/#+:*!.+2'*2.+*E!,-30-;!
10&+0**.'&*9!,-.!)'-6'+2!(.:7&'&!/0!6.0+('!'2!2#-*!/'*!#&:0+'*!(3-+!0-2&'!0+.$0/!2&>*!
&0).('$'+29!06'1!-+!20-;!(301.(.27!(0+*!/3'*2#$01!2&>*!7/'67!,-.!)'&$'2!1'22'!(.:'*2.#+!
1#$)/';'<!!
=0&!1#+2&0*2'9!#+!)0&/'!)/-2[2!('!V\!A'-&'*!+71'**0.&'*!4!/3B2&'!A-$0.+!)#-&!(.:7&'&!('*!
)&#27.+'*!0+.$0/'*!1#$)/';'*9!)7&.#('!(-&0+2!/0,-'//'!/0!6.0+('!)'-2!)-2&78.'&!'2!0.+*.!
/0.**'&!('!+#$%&'-;!(71A'2*!(0+*!/'!1#/#+9!06'1!+#$%&'!('!)02A#/#:.'*!'+!1#+*7,-'+1'<!
# #

!
?7%/87%&#0@@),20-)(*&#6%#=A%,=A%7,&#B#
N!!"#$%&"#'()%$*+&,(+(-.%/,,#+(0%"#%1.(*-20(%,(%3/-3(0%(-%+/-4(/-.%&,#$%2(%567%2(%
&0".1*-($%/-*+/,($%R9!0!(71/0&7!/'!I&<!O<!P#/.+!P0$)%'//9!)&#8'**'-&!&7)-27!4!/3-+.6'&*.27!
('!P#&+'//9!'2!0-2'-&!(-!80$'-;!N!OA'!PA.+0!Q2-(@!R9!/372-('!/0!)/-*!1#$)/>2'!G0$0.*!
&70/.*7'!*-&!/'*!/.'+*!'+2&'!/30/.$'+202.#+!'2!/'!&.*,-'!('!(76'/#))'&!-+'!$0/0(.'9!*'/#+!/'!
"']!^#&_!O.$'*<!N!8/%3/$1*-(%&01$(-.(%2/-$%,(%,/*.%2(%'/39(%($.%#-%3/-310*4:-(%(.%*,%(;*$.(%
#-%,*(-%2*0(3.%(-.0(%,/%<#/-.*.1%2(%&0".1*-($%/-*+/,($%<#(%'"#$%*-410()%(.%,(%0*$<#(%2(%
3"-.0/3.(0%#-%3/-3(0%R<!
N!8/%&0(+*:0(%3/#$(%2#%3/-3(0%($.%,/%3/$1*-(%&01$(-.(%2/-$%,(%,/*.%2(%'/39(%R9!0!088.&$7!
'+1#&'!/'!I&<!`&.0+!P/'$'+29!(.&'12'-&!(-!a'0/2A!a.))#1&02'*!?+*2.2-2'!'+!b/#&.('<!N!=(%-(%
0(3"++/-2(%+>+(%&/$%2(%3"-$"++(0%2#%?0"+/4(%2(%39:'0(%30#%"#%2#%@(?*0A%8($%&0".1*-($%
2B"0*4*-(%'141./,(%$"-.%C*(-%$#&10*(#0($%R<!
N!D*%'"#$%39(039()%E%$"*4-(0%'"$%/,,(04*($%2(%+/-*:0(%-/.#0(,,(F%3($$()%2(%3"-$"++(0%2($%
&0"2#*.$%,/*.*(0$%(.%C#'()%C(/#3"#&%2B(/#%&#0(A%G/-4()%2($%&0".1*-($%'141./,($%E%,/%
&,/3(%R9!(71/0&'!I06.(!c#/8'9!*)71.0/.*2'!(30/.$'+202.#+!6.60+2'!'2!('!/#+:76.279!&7)-27!
$#+(.0/'$'+2<!
C"#D(*&(22%,#7*%#870*-)-.#&7@@)&0*-%#6%#5%,-#
T0!$'.//'-&'!*#-&1'!('!)&#27.+'*!67:720/'*!*#+2!/'*!/7:-$'*!4!8'-.//'*!6'&2'*9!/'*!:&0.+'*!
'2!/'*!#/70:.+'-;9!/'*!G-*!(3A'&%'*9!/'*!:&0.+'*!:'&$7'*!'2!)#-**'*!6'&2'*9!0.+*.!,-'!/'*!
0/:-'*!C0/:-'!%/'-'X6'&2'9!*).&-/.+'!'2!1A/#&'//0!'+!2B2'E<!P.X0)&>*!8.:-&'!-+'!/.*2'!('*!
)#-&1'+20:'*!$#@'+*!('*!10/#&.'*!#%2'+-'*!)0&!/'*!)&#27.+'*!C13'*2X4X(.&'!,-'!WWL!('*!
10/#&.'*!8#-&+.'*!)0&!/'*!:&0.+'*!:'&$7'*!*#+2!('*!)&#27.+'*EM#!
• d&0.+'*!:'&$7'*!WWLe!
• T7:-$'*!4!8'-.//'*!6'&2'*!YWXWKLe!
• d&0.+'*!'2!#/70:.+'-;!ZVXVKLe!
• S-2&'*!/7:-$'*!ZKX!\WLe!
• P7&70/'*!fXVKLe!
• b&-.2*!ZXZKL<!
T'!)&#%/>$'!'*2!'88'12.6'$'+2!-+!)&#%/>$'!('!870*-)-.#%-#6%#5(/72%#M!./!80-(&0.2!1.+,!
4!(.;!8#.*!)/-*!C*'/#+!/'*!8'-.//'*E9!'+!)#.(*9!('!8'-.//'*!6'&2'*!,-'!('!6.0+('!)#-&!#%2'+.&!
/0!$B$'!,-0+2.27!('!)&#27.+'*<!P0&!'+!'88'2!/'*!8'-.//'*!6'&2'*!#88&'+2!2&>*!)'-!('!
10/#&.'*9!(#+1!)'-!('!)&#27.+'*!0-!2#20/<!P3'*2!)#-&!1'22'!&0.*#+!,-3./!80-2!'+!$0+:'&!
%'0-1#-)!H!WKK:!)'-2!)0&0U2&'!%'0-1#-)!(0+*!-+'!*0/0('9!$0.*!)0*!*.!6#-*!'+!$0+:'g!
7:0/'$'+2!('*!:&#**'*!)#.:+7'*!(0+*!('*!G-*!'2!('*!*$##2A.'*!h!'+!)/-*!('*!*0/0('*H!?/!
'*2!76.('+2!,-'!/0!*0/0('!+'!&'$)/01'!)0*!/0!6.0+('!0-!+.6'0-!('!/0!,-0+2.27!('*!
)&#27.+'*<!I'!)/-*9!./!+'!80-2!)0*!1#$)2'&!,-'!*-&!/'!6'&29!$0.*!0-**.!*-&!/'*!0-2&'*!
*#-&1'*!('!)&#27.+'*!C6#.&!)/-*!A0-2E<!
F+*-.2'9!./!80-2!0**-&'&!/0!50,).-.!(-!6'&2!C1A0+:'&!2#-G#-&*!('!2@)'!('!8'-.//'*9!*#.2!
7).+0&(9!&0$)#+i$D1A'9!/0.2-'*9!2#-2'!/0!80$.//'!('*!1A#-;9!&#,-'22'9!#&2.'*9!('+2*X('X
/.#+9!%'22'*9!'21<E9!10&!13'*2!0.+*.!,-'!/3#+!1#+*#$$'!2#-*!/'*!01.('*!0$.+7*!'**'+2.'/*9!
*0+*!&.*,-'!(3.+:7&'&!2&#)!('!1'&20.+'*!2#;.+'*!+02-&'//'$'+2!)&7*'+2'*!(0+*!/'*!)/0+2'*<!
j0G#-2#+*!'+!#-2&'!,-'!/'*!'+g@$'*!)&7*'+2'*!'+!0%#+(0+1'!(0+*!/'*!0/.$'+2*!1&-*!
*'&0.'+2!0-**.!('*!)&#27.+'*!h!$0.*!./!+#-*!$0+,-'!'+1#&'!('*!)&'-6'*!*1.'+2.8.,-'*!*-&!

!
1'!)#.+2<!T'*!';)7&.'+1'*!)A7+#$7+0/'*!('!1'-;!,-.!$0+:'+2!ZKKL!1&-!0))#&2'+2!
1')'+(0+2!('*!80.2*!(0+*!-+'!*1.'+1'!,-.!('$'-&'!)#-&!/3.+*20+2!0**'g!';)7&.$'+20/'<!
E(7,=%&#6%#+,(-.)*%&#=(2+/F-%&M#
• T'*!/7:-$'*!4!8'-.//'*!6'&2'*!C'+!&#202.#+E!
• T'*!:&0.+'*!('!1A0+6&'!CYk<kL!('!)&#27.+'*9!1'!,-.!0-!)#.(*!'*2!/0!)/-*!
.$)#&20+2'!)&#27.+'!*-&!2'&&'9!$.*'!4!)0&2!/'*!0/:-'*<!F+!#-2&'9!kWL!('*!)&#27.+'*!(-!
1A0+6&'!*#+2!('!/37('*2.+'9!1#+*.(7&7'!)0&!/'*!*1.'+2.8.,-'*!1#$$'!/0!)&#27.+'!/0!)/-*!
801./'!4!(.:7&'&E!
• T'*!:&0.+'*!('!/.+!
• T'*!:&0.+'*!('!1A.0!
• T'*!%0.'*!('!:#G.!
• T'!)#//'+!C1#+2.'+2!2#-*!/'*!01.('*!0$.+7*!'**'+2.'/*!'2!)/-*E!'2!/0!:'/7'!&#@0/'!
• T'*!0/:-'*!%/'-'*X6'&2'*!CkKL!('!)&#27.+'*E!
• T0!*).&-/.+'!CkWXJZL!('!)&#27.+'*E!
• T'!)A@2#)/0+12#+!$0&.+!C)/-*!('!kKLE!
E7+%,G0/)2%*-&#,)=A%&#%*#+,(-.)*%&#B#
• =#-(&'!('!$'*,-.2'!C'+6.&#+!VKLE!
• T'*!+#.;!(-!`&7*./!CWKLE!
• T'*!%0.'*!('*!?+10*!CZkLE!
• T0!)#-(&'!('!$010!
• T'*!:&0.+'*!('!1#-&:'!CV\L!'2!-+'!('*!$'.//'-&'*!*#-&1'*!('!2&@)2#)A0+'!,-.!
'*2!)0&!0.//'-&*!)&'*,-'!1#$)/>2'$'+2!(72&-.2'!)0&!/0!1-.**#+E<!
!
S.+*.9!20+2!,-'!/3#+!1#+*#$$'!(-!6'&2!'+!,-0+2.27!'2!'+!60&.727!*-88.*0+2'*9!('*!*-)'&X
0/.$'+2*9!('*!:&0.+'*!'2!#/70:.+'-;9!0.+*.!,-3-+'!/0&:'!60&.727!(30/.$'+2*!(3#&.:.+'!
67:720/'9!/'*!)&#27.+'*!*#+2!)/-*!,-'!/0&:'$'+2!1#-6'&2'*<!
T30/.$'+202.#+!1&-'!*'$%/'!B2&'!/0!)/-*!)-&'!)#-&!:-7&.&!'2!*#.:+'&!/'!1#&)*!A-$0.+9!'2!!
/30.('&!4!*'!(7%0&&0**'&!('*!2#;.+'*!011-$-/7'*<!Q-&!/'!/#+:!2'&$'9!2#-2'8#.*9!+#$%&'-;!
*#+2!/'*!1&-(.6#&'*!,-.!&7.+2>:&'+2!('*!)'2.2'*!,-0+2.27*!('!)&#27.+'*!0+.$0/'*9!('!
)&787&'+1'!1&-'*9!*#.2!'+!)&#6'+0+1'!('!/0.2!1&-9!#-!('!/0!6.0+('!#-!(-!)#.**#+!1&-*9!#-!
'+1#&'!1-.2*!4!%0**'!2'$)7&02-&'<!P'*!)&#(-.2*!*#+2!1#+*#$$7*!'+!)'2.2'*!,-0+2.27*!
CWK:!)0&!G#-&!#-!VKK:!)0&!*'$0.+'!0-!/.'-!('*!VKK:!)0&!G#-&!1#+*#$$7*!)0&!/0!$0G#&.27!
0-G#-&(3A-.E!'2!*'&#+2!('!,-0/.27!';1')2.#++'//'!C)#.**#+!*0-60:'9!6.0+('!('!1A0**'!#-!
6.0+('9!/0.2!'2!l-8*!.**-*!(3-+!7/'60:'!0&2.*0+0/9!&'*)'120+2!/'*!1#+(.2.#+*!('!6.'!('*!
0+.$0-;9!'21<E!
D(*=/7&)(*#M!m'!*-.*!)'&*#++'//'$'+2!1#+60.+1-'!,-'!/30/.$'+202.#+!'**'+2.'//'$'+2!
1&-'!'2!67:720/.'++'!'*2!/0!$'.//'-&'!)#-&!/3A#$$'9!$0.*!./!&'6.'+2!4!1A01-+!('!1A#.*.&!
/30/.$'+202.#+!,-.!/-.!1#+6.'+2<!=#-&!$#.9!13'*2!JWXfKL!1&-!'2!67:720/.'+9!1'!,-.!/0.**'!
/0&:'$'+2!0**'g!('!)/01'!)#-&!,-'/,-'*!)&#27.+'*!0+.$0/'*!('!,-0/.27<!S.+*.!/'!)&#%/>$'!
('!10&'+1'!+'!*'!)#*'!$B$'!)0*<!n0.*!)#-&!6#-*9!1'!)'-2!B2&'!0-2&'!1A#*'!H!F1#-2'&!*#+!
1#&)*!'*2!-+'!%#++'!1A#*'9!$0.*!)0*!+71'**0.&'$'+2!)#-&!*06#.&!*.!2#-*!+#*!%'*#.+*!
*#+2!0(7,-02'$'+2!1#-6'&2*<!T'!1#&)*!)'-2!$'22&'!)/-*.'-&*!:7+7&02.#+*!060+2!('!
$#+2&'&!('*!*.:+'*!('!(7:7+7&'*1'+1'<!T0!$'.//'-&'!$0+.>&'!'*2!('!80.&'!-+'!)&.*'!('!
*0+:!&7:-/.>&'!)#-&!*06#.&!#5!#+!*'!*.2-'<!!

!
o+'!1A#*'!'*2!1'&20.+'!M!/30/.$'+202.#+!$#('&+'9!%0*7'!*-&!%'0-1#-)!2&#)!('!)&#27.+'*!
0+.$0/'*9!'*2!1/0.&'$'+2!-+'!'&&'-&9!./!*-88.2!('!&':0&('&!0-2#-&!('!*#.!)#-&!6#.&!/'*!
)&#%/>$'*!('!)#.(*!'2!/'*!$0/0(.'*!('!1.6./.*02.#+!)#-&!/'!1#$)&'+(&'<!!
j'$0&,-'!M!jB6'&!('!*2'0_*!8&.2'*!'*2!/'!&7*-/202!('!8&-*2&02.#+*!011-$-/7'*9!'2!'*2!
+#&$0/!(-&0+2!-+'!)7&.#('!('!2&0+*.2.#+!$0.*!1'!:'+&'!(3#%*'**.#+*!(.*)0&0U2!0-!8-&!'2!4!
$'*-&'!,-'!/'!1#&)*!*'!(7%0&&0**'!('!1'*!2#;.+'*<!P'*!*-%*20+1'*!*#+2!0((.12.6'*<!
?7%/87%&#0@@),20-)(*&#6%#=A%,=A%7,&#B#
H)=-(,)0#I(7-%*>(J#60*&#&(*#/)5,%#K#L,%%*#@(,#$)@%#M#
N!T'!1#&)*!(#.2!%'0-1#-)!$#.+*!2&060.//'&!'+!1&70+2!('*!)&#27.+'*!4!)0&2.&!('!2#-*!/'*!
01.('*!0$.+7*!,-'!/3#+!2&#-6'!(0+*!/'*!/7:-$'*!4!8'-.//'*!6'&2'*!,-'!(0+*!/'*!/#+:-'*!
$#/71-/'*!(7G4!1#$%.+7'*!('*!)&#27.+'*!0+.$0/'*9!0**'$%/7'*!*'/#+!/'*!*1A7$0*!
72&0+:'&*!('!1&702-&'*!2#20/'$'+2!(.887&'+2'*!('!+#-*!2'//'*!,-'!/0!601A'!#-!/0!)#-/'p!
F+!$0+:'0+2!('*!/7:-$'*!4!8'-.//'*!6'&2'*9!6#-*!.+:7&'g!1A0,-'!8#.*!('*!01.('*!0$.+7*!
8&0.1A'$'+2!)&#(-.2*!)0&!/'!*#/'./!'2!/0!1A/#&#)A@//'9!,-'!/'!1#&)*!)'-2!(.&'12'$'+2!
-2./.*'&!)#-&!&'1#+*2&-.&'!*'*!1'//-/'*!*-&!/0!%0*'!('!*#+!)&#)&'!SI"!-+.,-'<!=0&!1#+2&'!
/'!1#&)*!0-&0!%'0-1#-)!('!(.88.1-/27!4!&'1#+*2.2-'&!-+'!$#/71-/'!)0&80.2'!('!)&#27.+'!*-&!
/0!%0*'!('*!$#/71-/'*!(3-+!0-2&'!0+.$0/9!1#+*2.2-7'*!('!1#$%.+0.*#+*!2#-2!4!80.2!
(.887&'+2'*!(301.('*!0$.+7*<!P'&20.+'*!)0&2.'*!+'!*'&#+2!G0$0.*!0**.$./7'*!#-!(.:7&7'*!'2!
/0.**'&#+2!('*!(71A'2*!+#1.8*!(0+*!/3#&:0+.*$'9!:7+7&0+2!('*!0//'&:.'*!'2!(30-2&'*!
)&#%/>$'*!('!*0+27<!R!
q#.&!*7)0&7$'+2!/'!O0%/'0-!('*!01.('*!0$.+7*!)&7*'+2*!(0+*!WKK:!('!1A#-!)/-$'!C_0/'E!
'2!('!&0$)#+!C$D1A'E!)0&!&0))#&2!0-;!&'1#$$0+(02.#+*!('!%'*#.+*!G#-&+0/.'&*!7$.*!
)0&!/0!bIS!CS($.+.*2&02.#+!0$7&.10.+'!('*!)&#(-.2*!0/.$'+20.&'*!'2!)A0&$01'-2.,-'*E<!
N05)6#O(/@%J#07-%7,#6%#K#E7*@((6#N)%-#E7==%&&#EP&-%2#M#
N!r-0+(!/'*!:'+*!(.*'+29!s?/!$'!80-2!('*!)&#27.+'*39!./*!#+2!/'!)/-*!*#-6'+2!%'*#.+!'2!'+6.'!
('!:&0*<!T0!)/-)0&2!('*!:'+*!'2!('*!+-2&.2.#++.*2'*!+'!8#+2!)0*!/0!(.887&'+1'!'+2&'!/3'+6.'!
('!:&0*!'2!/3'+6.'!('!)&#27.+'*p!?$0:.+'g!-+!+#-&&.**#+!,-.!(#-%/'!/'!)#.(*!('!*#+!
1#&)*!'+!,-'/,-'*!$#.*!'+!+'!1#+*#$$0+2!,-'!(-!/0.2!$02'&+'/9!-+!0/.$'+2!,-.!1#+2.'+2!
*-&2#-2!('!/0!:&0.**'9!'2!*'-/'$'+2!V!4!ZKL!('!)&#27.+'*p!T0!6&0.'!8#&1'!'2!/'*!$027&.0-;!
('!1#+*2&-12.#+!+#-*!6.'++'+2!('*!/7:-$'*!4!8'-.//'*!6'&2'*9!('*!:&0.+'*9!'2!('*!*-)'&X
0/.$'+2*!#5!/3#+!2&#-6'!('*!01.('*!0$.+7*<!P'!*#+2!/'*!67&.20%/'*!)&#27.+'*!(#+2!+#-*!
06#+*!%'*#.+<!?/*!1#+2.'++'+2!2#-*!/'*!01.('*!0$.+7*!(#+2!+#-*!06#+*!%'*#.+!H!j':0&('g!
/'*!:#&.//'*9!g>%&'*9!:.&08'*9!A.))#)#20$'*9!&A.+#17&#*!#-!7/7)A0+2*!)#-&!6#-*!&'+(&'!
1#$)2'!,-3./*!1#+*2&-.*'+2!('*!$-*1-/02-&'*!7+#&$'*!'+!+'!1#+*#$$0+2!,-'!('!/0!
67:7202.#+!'2!('*!:&0.+'*!(3A'&%'*!R<!
n'*!*#-&1'*!M!!
A22)Mii]]]<2A'%'*2#8&0]8##(<1#$i6':0+X)&#2'.+<A2$/!
A22)Mii]]]<&0]X8##(X:-.('<1#$i)&#2'.+i!
A22)Mii]]]<.&0]8##((.'2<1#$iVKZZiZKi&0]X8##(X)&#2'.+X*#-&1'*X]A'&'X(#X.X:'2X$@X
)&#2'.+X#+X0X&0]X8##(X(.'2i!
A22)Mii]]]<A0%.2:-.('<1#$i)&#2'.+X&0]X6':0+X(.'2!!