Définitions sur l’hygiènes, infections et
prévention de risque infectieux.
-Hygiène hospitalière : !"#$%"#&'%(#"#&)*(+&,-./(0"%&1"#&%(#2$"#&
,-(+*"30(4+#&"0&,"&34+0)5(+)0(4+#&)/"3&1)&5(#"&"+&'1)3"&,"&546"+#&,"&
'%./"+0(4+&7869(:+"&,"#&5)(+#&$0(1(#)0(4+&,"&5)0.%("1&#0.%(1"&4$&;&$#)9"&
$+(2$"#<<<=&
- Infection : >%.#"+3"&,"&5(3%4?"#&7')%)#(0"#@&38)5'(9+4+#@&/(%$#&4$&
?)30.%("=&,)+#&$+&#(0"&8)?(0$"11"5"+0&#0.%(1"&4$&+4+&#0.%(1"#&"0&"#0&04$A4$%#&
)3345')9+.&')%&$+"&%.'4+#"&(+*1)55)04(%"&,"&1-8B0"&
- Porte d’entrée :&C)&'4%0"&,D"+0%."&"#0&1)&%.9(4+&,"&1D8B0"&')%&1)2$"11"&
,"#&5(3%4E4%9)+(#5"#&79"%5"#@&?)30.%("#@&/(%$#=&#D(+0%4,$(#"+0<&C"#&'4%0"#&
,-"+0%."#&#4+0&1)&'")$&"0&1"#&5$2$"$#"#<!
-Endogène : F$(&'%4/("+0&,"&1-8B0"& - exogène : F$(&'%4/("+0&,"&
1-"+/(%4++"5"+0&78$5)(+@&)+(5)$G&4$&5)0.%("1=<&
-Les différents réservoirs des micro-organismes : C"#&
%.#"%/4(%#&#4+0&,"#&"+,%4(0#&4H&1"&9"%5"&#"&5$10('1("&"0&#"&5)(+0("+0&,)+#&
1-8455"@&1-)+(5)1&"0&1-"+/(%4++"5"+0&7&")$@&)(%&#$%*)3"I=&;&')%0(%&,$2$"1&
#-"**"30$"&1)&34+0)5(+)0(4+<&
-Micro organismes (microbe) J&K%9)+(#5"&/(/)+0@&(+/(#(?1"&;&1-L(1&+$&
"0&2$(&+"&'"$0&M0%"&4?#"%/.&2$-;&1-)(,"&,-$+&5(3%4#34'"<&
-Bactéries, virus, champignons, parasites : N"&#4+0&,"#&)9"+0#&
(+*"30("$G&75(3%4?"#&4$&5(3%4E4%9)+(#5"#=<&
-Mécanismes de l’infection : O1&#"&0%),$(0&')%&P&'.%(4,"#&J&&
EQ&>.%(4,"&,-(+3$?)0(4+&J&>.%(4,"&"+0%"&1"&545"+0&,"&1-(+*"30(4+&"0&1"&545"+0&
,-)'')%(0(4+&,"#&#(9+"#&31(+(2$"#&
EQ&>.%(4,"&,"&1)0"+3"&J&!45"+0&"+0%"&1-(+*"30(4+&"0&1"&545"+0&4H&1-)9"+0&
(+*"30("$G&,"/("+0&0%)+#5(##(?1"&;&$+&)$0%"&(+,(/(,$&&
EQ&>.%(4,"&,"&34+0)9(4#(0.&J&>.%(4,"&4H&1-)9"+0&(+*"30("$G&"#0&0%)+#5(##(?1"&
,-$+"&'"%#4++"&;&$+"&)$0%"<&
- Système immunitaire : R6#0:5"&,"&,.*"+#"&,"&1-4%9)+(#5"&34+0%"&1"#&
/(%$#@&?)30.%("#@&')%)#(0"#@&38)5'(9+4+#&"0&3"11$1"#&0$54%)1"#<
- Infection nosocomiale : O+*"30(4+&34+0%)30."&,)+#&$+&.0)?1(##"5"+0&
,"&#)+0.&"0&1(."&)$G&#4(+#<&
- Infection croisées : N4+0)5(+)0(4+&(+(0()1"&,$&;&,"#&5(3%4?"#@&0%)+#5(#&
,-$+&(+,(/(,$&;&$+&)$0%"&,(%"30"5"+0&4$&(+,(%"30"5"+0&)$&546"+&,-(+#0%$5"+0@&
,-)'')%"(1&4$&,"&#$%*)3"#&34+0)5(+."#<&
- Infection liées aux soins : O+*"30(4+&34+0%)30."&'"+,)+0&1"#&#4(+#&4$&
14%#&,-$+"&34+0)5(+)0(4+&"+&5(1("$&,"&#4(+<
- Epidémie, pandémie et endémie :
Q&!)1),("&(+*"30("$#"&2$(&#"&%.')+,&')%&34+0)9(4+&,)+#&$+&0"5'#&34$%0&"0&
143)1(#.&
Q&S'(,.5("&'%.#"+0"&#$%&$+"&1)%9"&T4+"&9.49%)'8(2$"&
Q&!)1),("&(+*"30("$#"&'"%#(#0)+0"&)$&#"(+&,-$+"&'4'$1)0(4+&4$&,-$+"&%.9(4+&
- Prévention et exemples : S+#"5?1"&,"&546"+#&5(#&"+&'1)3"&'4$%&
"5'M38"%&1-)'')%(0(4+&4$&1-)99%)/)0(4+&,-$+"&5)1),("&4$&,-$+&%(#2$"<&C"#&
546"+#&,"&'%./"+0(4+#&#4+0&1-869(:+"&,"#&5)(+#@&#0.%(1(#)0(4+@&5)0.%("1#&79)+0#@&
5)#2$"#@&#$%E?14$#"#=&3%.)0(4+&)(,"&,"&?4++"&34+,$(0"<&
!
- CLN EOH :
Q&N45(0.&,"&1$00"&34+0%"&1"#&(+*"30(4+#&+4#4345()1"#&
Q&S2$('"#&4'.%)0(4++"11"&,-869(:+"&&
- Missions infirmières et médecins hygiénistes :
Q&S**"30$"%&,"#&./)1$)0(4+#&"+&5)0(:%"&,"&COU&71$00"&(+*"30(4+#&+4#4345()1"#=&
Q&S0)?1(%&$+&'%49%)55"&)++$"1&,-)30(4+&
Q&V)(%"&$+&?(1)+&)++$"1&,-)30(/(0.&
Q&S/)1$)0(4+&"0&*4%5)0(4+&)$&#"(+&,"#&#"%/(3"#&,"&#4(+&
- Solution hydro-alcoolique : R41$0(4+&)#"'0(#)+0"&3$0)+."<
- AES : W33(,"+0&,-"G'4#(0(4+&)$&#)+9<
- Précautions standard : >%.3)$0(4+&,-869(:+"&/(#)+0&;&)##$%"%&$+"&
'%40"30(4+&#6#0.5)0(2$"&,"&04$0&1"#&')0("+0#&"0&1"#&#4(9+)+0#&/(#&;&/(#&,"#&
%(#2$"#&(+*"30("$G<
- Précautions contacts, gouttelettes, air : >%.3)$0(4+&
345'1.5"+0)(%"#&#0)+,)%,&)*(+&,"&'%.#"%/"%&1"#&0%)+#5(##(4+#&3%4(#.#&,"&
3"%0)(+#&5(3%4E4%9)+(#5"#&7"G&J&'%"+,%"&$+&0)?1("%@&$#)9"&$+(2$"=<&&&
>%./"+(%&0%)+#5(##(4+&')%&94$00"1"00"#&,"&#)1(/"#&4$&,"&#.3%.0(4+#&,"&/4("#&
).%("++"#&#$'.%("$%&,"&5(3%4&4%9)+(#5"#&"+&5"00)+0&"+&'1)3"&,"#&546"+#&,"&
'%./"+0(4+#&7)'')%"(1&,"&'%40"30(4+&%"#'(%)04(%"@&5"00%"&1"&')0("+0&34+0)5(+.&
"+&38)5?%"&(+,(/(,$"11"&"0&'4%0"&*"%5.<&
O,"5&'4$%&1-)(%<&
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