ABSTRACT
Through a philosophical analysis of the concepts of history and truth, this dissertation aims at
creating a dialogue between the works of two of the most important contemporary French
philosophers: Paul Ricœur and Michel Foucault. Our main hypothesis is that through its
history, the concept of subjectivity fluctuates between the will to know and the desire of
understanding. These two positions, irreducible to one another, reveal the two methods under
study: a genealogy of the subject ensuing from a historicization of the will of truth (Foucault) and a
hermeneutics of the self based on a universal need for interpreting our finitude (Ricœur).
Whereas Ricœur develops a philosophical anthropology focusing on the interpretive capacity
of man, Foucault, for his part, criticizes our „anthropological age of the reason‟ (i.e. modernity).
Despite this apparent gap, however, both hermeneutics and genealogy prove to be based on a
philosophy of finitude. The latter motivates a critical analysis of both the philosophy of history
and its corollary, the philosophy of consciousness: Foucault and Ricœur thus offer opposite
views of a common historical problematizing of subjectivity.
In short, the purpose of this work is to investigate the notion of subjectivity without
restraining it to the will to know which characterizes the humanities. We argue that the
comprehension of the self depends above all on acknowledgment, which is considered here to be
the actual anthropological foundation of „subjectivation‟. To this end, a comparative analysis of
different „veridiction‟ practices (confession, promise, parrhesia) acts as a common ground in
terms of ethics. However, this comparison does not aim at reconciliation. The idea is rather to
reveal a blind spot by which it becomes possible to grasp the complementary aspects of these
thoughts through what actually separates them: therefore, this thesis could be considered as a
playful use of the distance.
Key-words : Michel Foucault ; Paul Ricœur ; history ; truth ; hermeneutics ; genealogy ; philosophical
anthropology ; epistemology ; ontology ; critic ; modernity ; structuralism ; objectivation ; interpretation ;
comprehension ; self ; subject ; subjectivity ; subjectivation ; power ; ethics ; acknowledgement ; capacity ;
veridiction ; testimony ; confession ; parrhesia ; promise ; care.