La formation du passif

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La forme passive
I Exercices
La formation
du passif
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A
La règle générale
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C hapitre , m atiè re ...
RÈ G L E S D E G RA M M A I RE
I
La form ation du passif
A La rè gle gé né rale
La construction du passif suit la structure sujet + be + verbe au participa passé.
B Le s ve rbe s à de ux
com plé m e nts
Mathé m atique s
E XE M P L E
Histoire
II L'utilisation du passif
She was given a car.
On lui a donné une voiture.
Gé ographie
Anglais
Espagnol
RÈ G L E S D E G RA M M A I RE
L'auxiliaire be peut être conjugué à tous les temps et porter la marque de la modalité.
Alle m and
E XE M P L E
He is asked his age.
On lui demande son âge.
Litté rature
Philosophie
He is being asked his age.
On est en train de lui demander son âge.
He was asked his age.
On lui a demandé son âge.
He was being asked his age.
On était en train de lui demander son âge.
He has been asked his age.
On lui a demandé son âge.
He had been asked his age.
On lui avait demandé son âge.
He will be asked his age.
On lui demandera son âge.
He could be asked his age.
On pourrait lui demander son âge.
B
Les verbes à deux compléments
RÈ G L E S D E G RA M M A I RE
Le passif utilisé avec un verbe à deux compléments peut prendre deux formes différentes selon que l'on souhaite mettre l'accent
sur l'un ou l'autre complément.
Les verbes à deux compléments les plus courants sont :
E XE M P L E
To ask
Demander
To bring
Apporter
To grant
Accorder
To hand
Remettre
To lend
Prêter
To offer
Offrir
To promise
Promettre
To sell
Vendre
To send
Envoyer
To show
Montrer
To teach
Enseigner
To tell
Dire
The employees were sent the contract. / The contract was sent to the employees.
Le contrat a été envoyé aux employés.
P IÈGE
Remarquer la présence de to dans la deuxième formulation pour introduire le complément.
E XE M P L E
Maria was offered a jewel. / A jewel was offered to Maria.
On a offert un bijou à Maria.
II
L'utilisation du passif
RÈ G L E S D E G RA M M A I RE
La forme passive peut servi à :
Mettre en avant le bénéficiaire, la victime ou l'objet de l'action.
Traduire le pronom français « on ».
Traduire une tournure impersonnelle en français.
E XE M P L E
Two boats were stolen last night.
Deux bateaux ont été volés la nuit dernière.
He was promised a gift.
On lui a promis un cadeau.
It can't be explained.
C'est inexplicable.
RÈ G L E S D E G RA M M A I RE
Lorsque l'on veut expliciter qui est l'agent à l'origine de l'action, on introduit cet agent par by.
E XE M P L E
He was promised a gift by his mother.
Un cadeau lui a été promis par sa mère.
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1
A dress was lent..... Katy.
C hapitre , m atiè re ...
A dress was lent to Katy.
Mathé m atique s
2
You have been taught..... English.
Histoire
Gé ographie
Anglais
You have been taught ∅ English.
3
A cake will be cooked..... John.
Espagnol
A cake will be cooked by John.
Alle m and
Litté rature
Philosophie
4
Your parents were sold..... a flat.
Your parents were sold ∅ a flat.
5
A flat was sold..... your parents.
A flat was sold to your parents.
6
A car was given ..... your sister..... your grandparents.
A car was given to your sister by your grandparents.
7
Your sister was given..... a car..... your grandparents.
Your sister was given ∅ a car by your grandparents.
8
Tommy will be asked..... the truth.
Tommy will be asked ∅ the truth.
9
A new painting has been showed..... Laura..... her mother.
A new painting has ben showed to Laura by her mother.
10
Eventually, Michel has been granted.....a visa.
Eventually, Michel has been granted ∅ a visa.
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J’aim e
1
On dit qu'ils sont riches.
C hapitre , m atiè re ...
They are said to be rich.
Mathé m atique s
2
Cela devrait se faire.
Histoire
Gé ographie
Anglais
It should be done.
3
On m'a dit que tu étais belle.
Espagnol
I was told you were beautiful.
Alle m and
Litté rature
Philosophie
4
On s'attend à ce qu'ils abandonnent.
They are expected to give up.
5
On doit prendre soin de lui.
He must be taken care of.
6
On pensait qu'il était intelligent.
He was thought to be smart.
7
Dix verres ont été remplis.
Ten glasses have been filled up.
8
Hier, Christopher a été appelé par Jane.
Yesterday, Christopher was called by Jane.
9
On croyait qu'elle était la meilleure.
She was believed to be the best.
10
On a dit à Jean qu'il était un bon écrivain.
Jean was told to be a good writer.
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J’aim e
1
Someone told my brother he was stupid.
C hapitre , m atiè re ...
My brother was told he was stupid.
Mathé m atique s
2
Someone will greet him warmly.
Histoire
Gé ographie
Anglais
He will be greeted warmly.
3
Her father helped her.
Espagnol
She was helped by her father.
Alle m and
Litté rature
Philosophie
4
Someone gave Michael new sunglasses.
Michael was given new sunglasses.
5
Someone sent a strange email to Claire.
A strange email was sent to Claire.
6
Tom fears Jerry.
Jerry is feared by Tom.
7
Someone brought flowers to Sandra.
Flowers were brought to Sandra.
8
The Dean granted Thomas a scholarship.
Thomas was granted a scholarship by the Dean.
9
Someone kissed Manon twice.
Manon was kissed twice.
10
Someone wrote a paper on this issue.
A paper was written on this issue.