2nde GRAM reported speech

REPORTED SPEECH
Le reported speech (discours indirect/discours rapporté) est utilisé lorsqu’on rapporte les paroles de quelqu’un.
QUELS SONT LES CHANGEMENT NÉCESSAIRES POUR PASSER DU DISCOURS DIRECT AU DISCOURS INDIRECT?
1. Changement des marqueurs de personnes ( pronoms personnels sujets et compléments, adjectifs et pronoms possessifs )
2. Changement des démonstratifs « this » et « these » qui se transforment en « that » et « those ».
3. Changement de l'adverbe de lieu « here » qui se transforme en « there ».
QUELS SONT LES CHANGEMENT NÉCESSAIRES POUR PASSER DU DISCOURS DIRECT AU DISCOURS INDIRECT PASSÉ?
Le discours indirect PASSÉ est introduit par un verbe au SIMPLE PAST . Il y a des changements supplémentaires à ceux déjà mentionnés.
4. Changement du
temps
des verbes
5. Changement des
adverbes de temps
et
expressions temporelles
Discours direct
Discours indirect
Discours direct
Discours indirect
Simple present
simple past
Now
then
Present be + v
-
ing
past be + v
-
ing
Today
( on ) that day
Simple
past
past perfect
Tomorrow
the following / next day, the day after
Present perfect
past perfect
Tomorrow morning
the next morning
Past be + v
-
ing
past perfect be +v
-
ing
The day after tomorrow
two days later
Present perfect be + v
-
ing
past perfect be
+ v+ng
Next week (month, year )
the following / next week ( month, year)
Future
conditional
Yesterday
the day before / the previous
-
day
Conditional
conditional / past conditional
Yesterday evening
the evening before / the previous evening
The da
y before yesterday
two days before
Last week ( month, year )
the week (month,
year) before, the
previous week (month, year)
two days ago
two days before
1. PHRASES DÉCLARATIVES (AFFIRMATIVES ET NÉGATIVES) :
Elles sont introduites par : say, tell someone, explain, add, advise etc...
He said : "I will go to the hairdresser's tomorrow."
-
> He said ( that ) he would go to the hairdresser's the next day.
The teacher to Mary " I want you to finish your exercise here and now.
"
-
> The teacher told Mary (
that) he wanted her to finish her exercise there and then
.
2. QUESTIONS:
Elles sont introduites par : ask, wonder, want to know, inquire
a) Wh - questions :
I to Steve: "Where are you going?
-
> I asked him
where
he was going
.
The pupils to Jane: "How
old are you and what is your name?"
-
> They asked her
how old
she was
and
what
her name was
.
Il faut reprendre le mot interrogatif et mettre le verbe de la subordonnée interrogative indirecte à la forme affirmative.
b) Yes / no questions :
Susan to me « D
id you see John yesterday ?"
-
> She asked me
whether
/
if I had seen
John the day before.
Mary: " Will my parents help me"
-
> Mary wondered
whether
/
if her parents would help
her.
La subordonnée interrogative indirecte est introduite par « if » ou « whether » et le verbe doit être à la forme affirmative.
3. ORDRES :
Les verbes introductifs peuvent être : tell / ask / order / command / request someone
Mother to her son : « Open your mouth. »
-
> The mother ordered her son
to open
his mouth.
Mr Robins
to his children
: " Don't disturb me."
-
> Mr Robins asked / told his children
not to disturb
him
Le verbe doit se mettre à l'infinitif.
4. EXCLAMATIONS :
a) Exclamations sans verbes :
John to his friend : « Liar ! »
-
> John
called
his friend a liar. /
John said his friend was a liar.
Pat to her parents: "Let's go abroad in August!"
-
> Pat
suggested
going abroad in August. / Pat suggested
they
should
go abroad in August.
Mary to her boyfriend: " Happy birthday!"
-
> Mary
wished
her boyfriend a happy bir
thday.
Mike to his father: " Good morning!"
-
> Mike
greeted
his father a good morning.
Brian: " OK! Yes!"
-
> Brian
agreed
/
accepted
.
« No ! »
-
> Brian
disagreed
/
refused
.
Il faut utiliser un verbe qui ait le même sens que celui de l'exclamation.
b) Exclamations introduites par "how" et "what":
Jenny : « How awful ! »
-
> Jenny
exclaimed
/
said
that it was awful.
"What an awful hat!"
-
> Jenny
exclaimed
/
said
that it was an awful hat.
Il faut utiliser les verbes « say » et «exclaim » comme verbes introductifs.
5. PHRASE DÉCLARATIVE + QUESTION OU + ORDRE OU + EXCLAMATION
Kevin to Helen : « Can you lend me your book ? I have forgotten mine
at home"
-
> a) Kevin asked Helen if she could tend him her book
because
he
had forgotten his at home.
-
> b) Kev
in asked Helen if she could lend him her book.
He explained
he had forgotten his at home.
Deux possibilités: a) on introduit un mot de liaison et on fait une seule phrase.
b) on fait deux phrases en utilisant un verbe introductif différent pour chacune d'elles.