REPORTED SPEECH – cf p174 + p206

REPORTED SPEECH
Le reported speech (discours indirect/discours rapporté) est utilisé lorsqu’on rapporte les paroles de quelqu’un.
QUELS SONT LES CHANGEMENT NECESSAIRES POUR PASSER DU DISCOURS DIRECT AU DISCOURS INDIRECT?
1. Verbe introducteur (say, tell, ask, explain, wonder...)
2. Changement des marqueurs de personnes ( pronoms personnels sujets et compléments, adjectifs et pronoms possessifs )
3. Changement des démonstratifs « this » et « these » qui se transforment en « that » et « those ».
4. Changement de l'adverbe de lieu « here » qui se transforme en « there ».
Si le verbe introducteur est au passé (said, told, asked, explained, wondered)
5. Changement du temps des verbes (tous les auxiliaires se mettent au passé, le simple past devient past perfect cf tableau 5)
6. Changement des adverbes de temps et expressions temporelles (cf tableau 6)
5. Changement du temps des verbes de la subordonnée
Discours direct
simple present (ex : likes)
simple past (ex : liked)
is/are
can
will
must
may
6. Changement des adverbes de temps et expressions temporelles
Discours indirect
simple past (liked)
past perfect (ex : had liked)
was/were
could
would
had to
might
Discours direct
now
today
tomorrow
tomorrow morning
next week (month, year )
yesterday
last week ( month, year )
two days ago
Discours indirect
then
( on ) that day
the following / next day, the day after
the next morning
the following / next week ( month, year)
the day before / the previous-day
the week (month, year) before
two days before
1. PHRASES DECLARATIVES (AFFIRMATIVES ET NEGATIVES) :
Elles sont introduites par : say, tell someone, explain, add, advise etc...
He said : "I will go to the hairdresser's tomorrow."
The teacher to Mary " I want you to finish your exercise here and now."
-> He said ( that ) he would go to the hairdresser's the next
day.
-> The teacher told Mary (that) he wanted her to finish her exercise there and then.
2. QUESTIONS:
Elles sont introduites par : ask, wonder, want to know, inquire
a) Wh - questions :
I to Steve: "Where are you going?
-> I asked him where he was going.
The pupils to Jane: "How old are you and what is your -> They asked her how old she was and what her name was.
name?"
Il faut reprendre le mot interrogatif et mettre le verbe de la subordonnée interrogative indirecte à la forme affirmative.
b) Yes / no questions :
Susan to me « Did you see John yesterday ?"
Mary: " Will my parents help me"
-> She asked me whether / if I had seen John the day before.
-> Mary wondered whether / if her parents would help her.
La subordonnée interrogative indirecte est introduite par « if » ou « whether » et le verbe doit être à la forme
affirmative.
3. ORDRES :
Les verbes introductifs peuvent être : tell / ask / order / command / request someone
Mother to her son : « Open your mouth. »
-> The mother ordered her son to open his mouth.
Mr Robins to his children : " Don't disturb me."
-> Mr Robins asked / told his children not to disturb him
Le verbe doit se mettre à l'infinitif.
4. PHRASE DECLARATIVE + QUESTION
Kevin to Helen : « Can you lend me your book ? I have -> a) Kevin asked Helen if she could tend him her book because he
forgotten mine at home"
had forgotten his at home.
-> b) Kevin asked Helen if she could lend him her book. He
explained he had forgotten his at home.
Deux possibilités:
a) on introduit un mot de liaison et on fait une seule phrase.
b) on fait deux phrases en utilisant un verbe introductif différent pour chacune d'elles.