Introduction à l`optique ondulatoire Notes de cours

ν∆ν ν ∆ν
∆t∆ν
∆ν.∆t∼1
a(S, t) = a0cos (ωt −φ(t))
◦

φ(t)
∆t
∆tT=1
ν∼10−15 s
∆f·∆t≈1
lc=c.∆t
•∆t∼10−11 s
•τc∼10−8s
lc=c.∆t
•lc∼1 mm
•lc∼1 m
∆t
a(S, t) = a0cos (ωt −φn)t∈[n.∆t; (n+ 1) .∆t[
a(S, t) = a0cos (ωt −φn+1)t∈[(n+ 1) .∆t; (n+ 2) .∆t[
φnφn+1
φn
•∆t
•lc
◦

•
•
~
E(M, t)=α.a (M, t)
a(M, t)α
B=E
ca
τr
T∼10−15 s
•τr0,1 s
•10−6s
•τr10−1s 10−2s
τr
~
Π = ~ E∧~
B
µ0a
τrM
I(M) = K. a2(M, t)τr
K= 1 a I
M M
M M
◦

S S
a(S, t) = a0.cos (ω.t −φ0)n v =c
n
S M SM
v=nSM c
M λ0=
cT =c2π
ωM
M S
a(M, t) = aS, t −SM
v=a0.cos ω. t−SM v−φ0
A B
LAB = (AB) = ZB
A
n(P).ds(P)
LAB = (AB) = ZtB
tA
n(P).v(P).dt =ZtB
tA
c.dt
LAB = (AB) = c. (tB−tA)
A B n
k0=ω
c=2π λ0M
a(M, t) = a0.cos ω.t −2π
λ0
(SM )−φ0
⇒
O M
∆ψO→M=RM
O~
k.−→ d` =2π
λ0(OM) + ϕsup
λ0S ϕsup
π
•
•n1
n2> n1
◦

S t M ∆ψS→M
M
S(SM ) =
⇒
M1M2M3
M1M2M3
◦