Le bruit des livraisons à travers la jurisprudence civile : troubles de

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Le!bruit!des!livraisons!à!travers!la!jurisprudence!civile!:!troubles!de!
voisinage!et!engagement!de!responsabilité!
>-?(%#!9:%'*(.2:#!;@A;BAC!@,.3-(!-&!D-%%#-&!)#*!E-&(*8)#8;#'/#!
Indispensables!aux!activités!commerciales,!les!livraisons!génèrent,!souvent,!des!nuisances!
sonores! plus! ou! moins! supportables,! selon! leur! intensité,! leur! durée,! les! lieux! et! les!
horaires!dans!lesquels!elles!se!produisent.!
Les!nuisances!sonores!générées!par!des!livraisons!ne!sont!pas!visées!en!tant!que!telles!par!
le! Code! de! la! santé! publique! à! l’instar,! par! exemple,! des! bruits! de! chantiers! de! travaux!
publics!ou!privés!(mentionnés!par!son!article!R.!1334F36).!Elles!constituent!cependant!et!
incontestablement! des! «!bruits!ayant! pour!origine! une!activité! professionnelle!organisée!
de!manière!habituelle!ou!soumises!à!autorisation!»!au!sens!de!l’article!R.!1334F32!du!Code!
de!la!santé!publique.!Les!articles!R.!1334F33!et!R.!1334F34!de!ce!Code!exposent!les!valeurs!
limites! de! l’émergence! en! cas! de! mesurage! acoustique! imposé! lors! d’un! constat!
d’infraction.! Ces! valeurs! limites! varient! selon! l’heure! et! le! temps! de! mesure! ainsi! qu’en!
fonction!des!équipements!mesurés.!En!cas!d‘infraction,!les!sanctions!pénales!sont!définies!
à!l‘article!R.!1337F6!du!code!de!la!santé!publique!et!consistent!dans!des!contraventions!de!
5ème! classe! (1!500!€! maximum).! Les! arrêtés! préfectoraux! ou! municipaux! peuvent,! en! la!
matière,!être!plus!contraignants!que!la!réglementation!nationale.!
Cependant,! auFdelà! de! la! réglementation! applicable! aux! bruits! des! livraisons! et! de! leur!
éventuelle!répression!sur!la!base!d’un!mesurage!acoustique,!que!dit!le!juge!civil!saisi!par!
des!riverains!des!troubles!de!voisinages!occasionnés!par!des!livraisons,!de!jour!comme!de!
nuit!?!
En!particulier:!!
F!quelles!sont,!parmi!les!livraisons!qui!franchissent!le!prétoire,!celles!qui!constituent,!aux!
oreilles!du!juge,!des!troubles!anormaux!de!voisinage!selon!la!terminologie!consacrée!?!(1)!
F! dans! ce! cas,! quelle! cause! exonératoire! les! responsables! des! livraisons! peuventFils! faire!
valoir!pour!atténuer,!voire!faire!disparaître!leur!responsabilité!?!(2)!
F!quelles!sont,!au!contraire,!les!nuisances!sonores!générées!par!des!livraisons!que!le!juge!
qualifie!de!troubles!normaux!de!voisinage!?!(3).!
C’est!à!ces!trois!questions!que!cette!contribution!propose!de!répondre!maintenant!sur!la!
base!d’une! analyse! d’une!trentaine!d’arrêts! de!la!Cour! de!cassation!ou! de!Cours!d’appel!
rendus! au! cours! des! vingt! dernières! années! dont! une! dizaine! spécifiques! au! bruit! des!
livraisons.!!

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2.!Une!cause!exonératoire!de!responsabilité!possible!pour!les!personnes!à!l’origine!
des!bruits!de!livraisons!:!la!règle!de!l’antériorité!(art.!L.!112F16!CCH)!

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!
Christophe!Sanson!
Docteur!en!droit!public!
Maître!de!conférences!(HDR)!
Avocat!à!la!Cour!
http://www.christopheFsansonFavocat.fr!