12. KAJI D.M., XIE H.W., HARDY B.E., SHERROD A., HUFFMAN J.L. : The
effects of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on renal growth, function
and arterial blood pressure in an animal model. J. Urol., 1987 ; 137 : 544-
547.
13. KAMMON A., DAUDON M., ABDELMOULA J., HAMZOUI M.,
CHAOUCHI B., HOUISSA T ET AL. : Urolithiasis in Tunisian children : a
study of 120 cases based on stone composition. Pediatr. Nephrol., 1999 ; 13:
920-925.
14. KOGA S., ARAKAKI Y., MATSUOKA M., OHYAMA C. : Staghorn calcu-
li. : Long term results of management. Br. J. Urol., 1991 ; 68 : 122.
15. KUNTZ D.H. : Does ureteric reflux protect against calculus formations ? Br.
J. Urol., 1977 ; 49 : 80.
16. KUZROCK E.A., HUFFMAN J.L., HARDY B.E., FUGELSO P. : Endo-
scopic treatement of peadiatric urolihiasis. J. Pediatr. Surg., 31 : 1413-1416.
17. LIM D.J., WALKER R.D., ELLSWORTH P.I., NEWMAN R.C., COHEN
M., BARRAZA M.A., STEVENS P.S. : Traitement of pediatric urolithiasis
between 1984 and 1994. J. Urol., 1996 ; 156 ; 702-705.
18. LOTTMAN H., ARCHAMBAULT F., HELLAL B., MERCIER PAGEY-
RAL B., CENDRON M. : 99m Technecuim-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal
scan in the evaluation of potentiel long term renal parenchymal damage
associated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in children. J. Urol.,
1998 ; 169 : 521-524.
19. LOTTMAN H., ARCHAMBAULT F., TRAXER O., MERCIER PAGEYRAL
B., HELLAL B. : The efficacy and parenchymal consequences of extracorpo-
real shock wave lithotripsy in infant. Br. J. Urol., 2000 ; 85 : 311-315.
20. MINEVICH E., ROUSSEAU M.B., WACKSMAN J. : Pediatric ureterosco-
py : Technique and preliminary results. J. Pediatr. Surg., 1997 ; 32 : 571.
21. NAJJAR MF., NAJJAR F., BOUKEF K., OUESLATI A., MEMMI J.,
BECHRAOUI T. : La lithiase infantile dans la region de Monastir. Etude cli-
nique et biologique. Le Biologiste, 1986 ; 20 : 253-261.
22. NAJJAR M.F., RAMMAH M., OUESLATI A., M'HENNIE F., BENAMOR
M.A., ZOUAGHI H. : Apport de la spectrophotométrie infra-rouge dans l'a-
nalyse des calculs urinaires. Le Biologiste, 1988 ; 22 : 176.
23. NARENDRA A., WHITE P.M., ROLTON A.H., ALLOUB Z.I.,WILKIN-
SON G., McCOLL J.H., BEATTIE J. Nephrocalcinosis in preterm babies.
Arch. Dis. Fetal. Neonatal., 2001 ; 85 : 207-213.
24. PIETROW P.K., POPE J.C., ADAMS M.C., SHYR YU., BROCK J.W. : Cli-
nical outcome of pediatric stone disease. J. Urol., 2002 ; 167 : 670-673.
25. RIZVI S.A.H., NAQVI S.A.A., HUSSAIN Z., HASHMI A., HUSSAIN M.,
ZAFAR M.N., SULTAN S., MEHDI H. Management of pediatric urolithia-
sis in Pakistan : Experience with 1440 children. J. Urol., 2003 ; 169 : 634-
637.
26. ROBERT M., DRIANNO N., GUITER J., AVEROUS M., GRASSET D. :
Chilhood urolithiasis : Uroligical management of upper tract calculi in the
era of extracorporel schock wave lithotripsy. Urol. Inter., 1996 ; 57 : 72-76.
27. SCHULTZ-LAMPEL D., LAMPEL A. : The surgical management of stones
in children. Br. J. Urol., 2001 ; 87 : 732-740.
28. SCHUSTER T.G., RUSSEL K.Y., BLOOM D.A., KOO H.P., FAERBER
G.J.: Ureteroscopy for the treatement of urolithiasis in children. J. Urol.,
2002 ; 167 : 1813-1816.
29. TEOTIA M., TEOTIA S.P.S. : Kidney and bladder stone in India. Postgrad.
Med. J., 1977 ; 53 : 41-48.
30. THOMAS R., ORTENBERG J., LEE B.R. : Safety and efficacy of pediatric
ureteroscopy for management of calculous disease. J. Urol., 1990 ; 149 :
1084-1093.
31. TRAXER O., LOTTMAN H., ARCHAMBAUD F., HELAL B., MERCIER
PAGEYRAL B. : La lithotricie extra corporelle par ondes de choc chez le
nourrisson. Etude de son retentissement sur le parenchyme rénal. Ann. Urol.,
1998 ; 32 : 191-196.
32. TRAXER O., LOTTMAN H., ARCHAMBAUD F., HELAL B., MERCIER
PAGEYRAL B. : La lithotricie extra corporelle chez l'enfant. Etude de son
éfficacité et évaluation de ses conséquences parenchymateuses par la scinti-
graphie au DMSA-Tc 99m : une série de 39 enfants. Arch. pédiatr., 1999 ; 6:
251-258.
33. UNUVAR E., OGUZ F., SAHIN K., NAYIR A., OZBEY H., SIDAL M. :
Coexistance of VATER association and recurrent urolithiasis : a case report.
Pediatr. Nephrol., 1998 ; 12 : 141-143.
34. VAN SAVAGE J.G., PALANCA L.G., ANDERSEN R.D., RAO G.S.,
SLAUGHENGHOUPT B.L. : Treatement of distal ureteral stone in children:
Similarities to the American urological association guidlines in adults. J.
Urol., 2000 ; 164 : 1089-1093.
35. VANDEURSEN H., DEVOS P., BAERT L. : Electromagnetic extra corpo-
rel shock wavelithotripsy in children. J. Urol., 1991 ; 145 : 1229-1231.
36. VLAJKOVIC M., SLAVKOVIC A., RADOVANOVIC M., SIRIC Z., STE-
FANOVIC V., PEROVIC S. : Long term fonctional outcome of kidneys in
children with urolithiasis after ESWL treatement. Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg.,
2002; 12 : 118-123.
37. WOLLIN T.A., TEICHMAN J.M.H., ROGNESSV.J., RAZVI H.A.,DENS-
TEDT J.D., GRASSO M. : Holmium : YAG lithotripsy in children. J. Urol.,
1999 ; 162 : 1717-1720.
____________________
SUMMARY
Urinary stones in Tunisian infants, based on a series of 64 cases.
Objective: To define the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of
urinary stones in infants, to study the role of stone chemical analysis in
the aetiological assessment of urinary stones and to define the various
treatment modalities adapted to this age-group.
Patients and Methods: Between 1984 and 2002, 64 infants (age: 5-24
months) were hospitalised for urinary stones. Urine culture was per-
formed in all patients and metabolic assessment was performed in 24
patients. Physicochemical stone analysis was performed by infrared
spectrophotometry in 37 patients.
Results: Upper tract and lower tract stones were equally preva-
lent. Urine culture was positive in 48 cases. The micro-organism
most frequently isolated was Proteus mirabilis (19 cases). The
metabolic assessment was normal in 15 patients and pathological
in 9 patients. Infrared spectrophotometry showed that 17 stones
were pure. 60 patients were treated surgically, 2 were treated by
endoscopy associated with intracorporeal lithotripsy. One patient
was treated medically and another patient passed the stone spon-
taneously while in hospital. No intraoperative or postoperative
complication was observed. No recurrence was observed in this
series. The mean follow-up is 16 months (range: 6 months to 94
months).
Conclusion: The epidemiological profile of urinary stones in infants in
Tunisia is situated between that observed in developed countries and
that observed in developing countries. In our study, the incidence of
metabolic abnormalities appears to be low despite a high rate of
consanguinity in Tunisia. This can be largely explained by the absence
of an aetiological survey and/or an inadequate survey when it is per-
formed.
Key-Words: Urinary stones, infant, infrared spectrophotometry, treat-
ment
M. Jellouli et coll., Progrès en Urologie (2004), 14, 376-379
379
____________________