CM 3 - Syntaxe II Fichier

Lundi 26 janvier 2015
Syntaxe II
Le verbe et ses compléments.
Transitivité. Révision des
fonctions des constituants de
la phrase. Inversion sujetaux. Clivage et pseudoclivage.
They
Révision
Transformez les phrases suivantes en
phrases interrogatives : (5 minutes)
1) You can help me find a solution.
2) We don’t usually take payments in
cash.
3) You have seen this film.
4) They can charge you with something.
5) He gave Anna a lovely watch for her
birthday.
They
Révision
Identifiez les phrases complexes
1) I don’t think I can help you.
2) He must have been listening
to his music too loud again!
3) I remember the day when he
told me I was fired.
Le verbe et ses compléments
Exercice :
Faire une phrase selon le modèle
suivant : S – V – C
Joan
like
music
Le verbe et ses compléments
Exercice :
Faire une phrase selon le modèle
suivant : S – V – C
John
to sleep
the night
Le verbe et ses compléments
« to sleep » = schéma à une
place (verbe « intransitif »)
ex. : to arrive, to die, to
dissappear, to fall, to laugh, to
rain...
Le verbe et ses compléments
/ ! \ TJS vérifier dans un
dictionnaire
Le verbe et ses compléments
schéma à deux places
Verbes transitifs directs
23. She speaks English well.
24. What a film! Did you like it?
25. You didn't even answer my
question.
Le verbe et ses compléments
schéma à deux places
Verbes transitifs indirects
26. They paid for the meal.
27. He was looking for his keys.
28. She stared at her father.
Le verbe et ses compléments
/ ! \ Différence de sens entre
transitivité directe et transitivité
indirecte
26’. Ils ont payé le repas → They
paid for the meal.
26’’. Ils ont payé leurs employés
→ They paid their employees.
Le verbe et ses compléments
Schéma à trois places
Verbes doublement transitifs
S – V – C1 – Prep – C2
29. He gave a huge bone to the
dog.
30. I've ordered some
sandwiches for you.
31. He reminded me of his
name.
Le verbe et ses compléments
Schéma à trois places
Verbes doublement transitifs
S – V – C2 – C1
32. He gave the dog a huge
bone.
33. I've ordered you some
sandwiches.
Constituants de la phrase
Le verbe = colonne vertébrale de
la phrase
Chaque membre = un
« argument »
Constituants de la phrase
Récapitulation
34. He smiled.
35. She likes fish.
36. We paid for lunch.
37. He reminded me of his
name.
38. I gave the dog a huge bone.
Constituants de la phrase
He smiled.
34’. He always smiled.
34’’. He always smiled [when he
was happy].
34’’’. He smiled at me.
34’’’’. He smiled at [the idea
[that she would get such a nice
suprise [when she arrived]]].
L'ordre des constituants
S + V + COD et/ou COI
Inversion sujet/auxiliaire
Phrases interrogatives
39. Do you like cooking?
40. Is he a friend of yours?
41. Can you help me?
Inversion sujet/auxiliaire
Constructions avec so et
nor/neither
42. He often plays tennis and so
does his wife.
43. They won’t condone such
behaviour and neither will I.
Inversion sujet/auxiliaire
Adverbe de sens négatif /
restrictif / intensif en début de
proposition
44. Never will his brother
accept.
45. Never before had he seen
such a large farm.
Inversion sujet/auxiliaire
46. Not until he got home did
he feel tired.
47. Hardly had he closed the
door when the light went out.
48. Only then did he realize
that he had lost his way.
Inversion sujet/auxiliaire
49. Well do I remember what he
said to me on that occasion.
50. Such was his surprise that
he dropped the dish.
Inversion sujet/auxiliaire
never, no sooner, never before,
not..., hardly, scarcely, only...,
well, often, so..., such..., ...
Inversion sujet/auxiliaire
Subordonnées de condition
(were, had, should)
51. If he had stayed longer,
he would have met my brother.
51’. → Had he stayed longer,
he would have met my brother.
Inversion sujet/verbe
Inversion sujet/verbe (et non
auxiliaire)
Inversion sujet/verbe
Avec les verbes d'insertion du
discours, registre soutenu
52. ‘What did they find?’ asked
the girl.
comparez avec
52’. ‘What did they find?’ the girl
asked.
Inversion sujet/verbe
Avec les verbes d'état pour
mettre en relief l'attribut du
sujet
53. Dear to his heart were all his
mementos.
Inversions
Quelques cas bien identifiés
d’inversion S/A ou S/V
Clivage
Comparez les phrases
suivantes :
54. Fred gave Susan a scarf for
her birthday.
54’. It was a scarf that Fred
gave Susan for her birthday.
Clivage
Clivage = mise en relief.
Clivage
54’’. It was a scarf that Fred
gave Susan for her birthday.
54’’’. It was Fred who gave
Susan a scarf for her birthday.
54’’’’. It was to Susan that Fred
gave a scarf for her birthday.
5
54 . It was for her birthday
that Fred gave a scarf to Susan.
Clivage
Clivage =mise en relief avec « It
is / It was »
Pseudo-clivage
54 . What Fred gave Susan for
her birthday was a scarf.
ou
7
54 . A scarf was what Fred
gave Susan for her birthday.
6
Pseudo-clivage
Pseudo-clivage = mise en relief
avec « what ... is/was »
Analyse en contexte
Only as I drew closer through
the afternoon darkness did I see
that the occupant was a large
frog, perhaps two feet high,
which sat with its throat resting
on the table edge.
Steven Millhauser, “A Visit”
Analyse en contexte
[Only as I drew closer
through the afternoon
darkness] did I see that the
occupant was a large frog,
perhaps two feet high, which sat
with its throat resting on the
table edge.
Steven Millhauser, “A Visit”
Analyse en contexte
It was at the end of one of these
sad little gala displays that I had
my first inkling of a change in
Chloe's regard for me (…)
John Banville, The Sea, 2005
Analyse en contexte
[It was at the end of one of
these sad little gala displays]
that I had my first inkling of a
change in Chloe's regard for me
(…)
John Banville, The Sea, 2005
Analyse en contexte
“I call this place Yetta’s Liberty Hall,”
she said, every now and then giving
me a nudge. “What I like to see is
my tenants enjoy life. They’re
usually young people, my tenants,
and I like to see them enjoy life. Not
that I don’t gotta have rules.”
Analyse en contexte
“I call this place Yetta’s Liberty Hall,”
she said, every now and then giving
me a nudge. “[What I like to see is]
my tenants enjoy life. They’re
usually young people, my tenants,
and I like to see them enjoy life. Not
that I don’t gotta have rules.”
Analyse en contexte
“The Economist explains what
the original Crimean war was all
about” (titre d'article).
Questions & answers