Université de Montréal De la faillibilité au serf‐arbitre : le

!"#$%&'#()*+%*,-"(&)./*
*
*
*
*
!
!
De!la!faillibilité!au!serf‐arbitre!:!le!tournant!herméneutique!de!Paul!Ricœur!
!
!!
*
*
*
*
0.&*
1%."23&."4-#'*5%//%*
*
*
*
*
*
*
6)0.&(%7%"(*+%*08#/-'-08#%*+%*/9!"#$%&'#()*+%*,-"(&)./*
3.:;/()*+%'*.&('*%(*+%'*':#%":%'*
*
*
*
*
*
*
,)7-#&%*0&)'%"()*<*/.*3.:;/()*+%'*.&('*%(*+%'*':#%":%'*
%"*$;%*+%*/9-=(%"(#-"*+;*>&.+%*+%*7.?(&%*%'*.&('*@,ABAC*
%"*08#/-'-08#%*
-0(#-"*08#/-'-08#%*.;*:-//)>#./*
*
*
*
*
*
*
B-D(E*FGHI*
*
*
*
*
*
*
J*1%."23&."4-#'*5%//%E*FGHI*

*
*
##*
Résumé!
!
!
K%*7)7-#&%*.*0-;&*=;(*+%*7-"(&%&*L;%*/%*0&%7#%&*(-;&"."(*8%&7)"%;(#L;%*+%*M.;/*
N#:O;&* %"* HPQG* >&.$#(%* %''%"(#%//%7%"(* .;(-;&* +%* /.* 0&-=/)7.(#L;%* +%* /.* $-/-"()*
7.;$.#'%A* R-;'* '-;(%"-"'* .;(&%7%"(* +#(* L;%* N#:O;&* .* #"#(#./%7%"(* +-"")* ;"%*
(-;&";&%* 8%&7)"%;(#L;%* <* '.* 08#/-'-08#%* 0-;&* 0%"'%&* /%* '%&S2.&=#(&%E* :9%'(2<2+#&%*
0-;&*0%"'%&*/.*/#=%&()*:.0(#$%*+9%//%27T7%A*BS#"*+%*&%"+&%*:-70(%*.+)L;.(%7%"(*+%*
:%*(-;&"."(E*"-(&%*.((%"(#-"*'%&.*0&#":#0./%7%"(*+#&#>)%*$%&'*/%*+%;U#V7%*(-7%*+%*/.*
!"#$%&%'"#() *() $+) ,%$%-./) +%* N#:O;&E* 0#-#.1*() (.) 21$'+3#$#./4) R-(&%* L;%'(#-"* '%* 0-'%*
.#"'#*W* 2%55(-.)(.)'%1671%#8)*+-&)1-()'6%3$/5+.#71()*1)5+$8)9#2:16)(-.+5(;.;#$)&%-)
.%16-+-.)"(65/-(1.#71(<)M-;&*X*&)0-"+&%E*"-;'*%U0/#:#(%&-"'*/%*0.&:-;&'*+%*N#:O;&*
.//."(* +%* =>"%55() ?+#$$#3$() <* =+) &@53%$#71() *1) 5+$A* R-;'* $%&&-"'* +."'* ;"* 0&%7#%&*
(%70'*L;%*'#*/%*08#/-'-08%*.&&#$%*<*(8)7.(#'%&*/%*:-":%0(*+%*S.#//#=#/#()*<*0.&(#&*+9;"%*
-"(-/->#%*+%*/.*+#'0&-0-&(#-"E*'#*/.*&)S/%U#-"*.*.::V'*<*/.*0-''#=#/#()*+;*7./E*#/*"9%"*#&.*
0.'*+%*7T7%*0-;&*/%*"-V7%*#"#"(%//#>#=/%*L;%*:-"'(#(;%*/%*7./*7-&./A*BS#"*+%*0%"'%&*
/.*S.;(%E*"-;'*$%&&-"'*L;%*N#:O;&*'%*(-;&"%&.*$%&'*/98%&7)"%;(#L;%*%"*'%*7%((."(*<*
/9):-;(%*+;*/.">.>%*+%*/9.$%;A*B#"'#E*+."'*/.*+%;U#V7%*0.&(#%*+%*"-(&%*7)7-#&%E*"-;'*
%U0/#:#(%&-"'* /%'* (&-#'* 7-7%"('* +%* :-70&)8%"'#-"* @08)"-7)"-/->#L;%E*
8%&7)"%;(#L;%* %(* &)S/%U#SC* 0&-0&%* <* /98%&7)"%;(#L;%* 08#/-'-08#L;%* +%* N#:O;&* +%*
HPQGA**
*
*
Mots‐clés!W* M8#/-'-08#%*Y* M.;/* N#:O;&*Y* 0#-#.1*() (.) 21$'+3#$#./)A) 8%&7)"%;(#L;%*Y*
S.#//#=#/#()*Y* +#'0&-0-&(#-"*Y* /.">.>%* +%* /9.$%;*Y* 'X7=-/%*Y* '%&S2.&=#(&%*Y* :%&:/%*
8%&7)"%;(#L;%A*
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

*
*
###*
Abstract!
!
!
Z8%*0;&0-'%*-S*(8#'*+#''%&(.(#-"*#'*(-*'8-[*(8.(*(8%*S#&'(*8%&7%"%;(#:'*(;&"*-S*M.;/*
N#:O;&*#"*HPQG*%''%"(#.//X*&%$-/$%'*.&-;"+*(8%*0&-=/%7.(#:*-S*=.+*[#//A*\%*.&>;%*#%*
(8.(*N#:O;&*#"#(#.//X*>.$%*.*8%&7%"%;(#:'*([#'(*(-*8#'*08#/-'-08X*(-*(8#"]*(8%*'%&$#/%*
[#//E* (8.(* #'* (8%* S&%%+-7* :.0(#$%* -S* #('%/SA* Z-* 0&-0%&/X* .::-;"(* S-&* (8#'* (;&"E* -;&*
.((%"(#-"*[.'*7.#"/X*+#&%:(%+*(-* (8%*'%:-"+*$-/;7%*-S*(8%*!"#$%&%'"@)%?)."()B#$$*-S*
N#:O;&E*0+#$$#3$()5+-)."+*C"()&@53%$#&5)%?)(,#$A*^;&*L;%'(#-"*#'*(8#'*W*8-[*."+*[8XE*#"*
.*0&-=/%7.(#:*-S*%$#/E*N#:O;&*'(.&('*8#'*8%&7%"%;(#:'*(;&"_*Z-*."'[%&*(8#'*L;%'(#-"E*
[%*[#//*%U0/.#"*(8%*:-;&'%*-S*N#:O;&*S&-7*0+$$#3$()5+-)(-*C"(*D@53%$#&5)%?)(,#$A*\%*
[#//*'%%* .(* S#&'(* (8.(*#S* (8%* 08#/-'-08%&* :-7%'*(-* (8%7.(#`%* (8%* :-":%0(*-S* S.//#=#/#(X*
S&-7*."*-"(-/->X*-S*+#'0&-0-&(#-"E*#S*(8%*&%S/%:(#-"*8.'*.::%''*(-*(8%*0-''#=#/#(X*-S*%$#/E*
#(*+-%'*"-(*>-*[%//*S-&*(8%*;"#"(%//#>#=/%*"-%7.*(8.(*#'*7-&./*%$#/A*Z-*(8#"]*-S*(8%*S.;/(E*
[%*[#//*'%%*(8.(*N#:O;&*[#//*(;&"*(-*8%&7%"%;(#:'*#'*=X*/#'(%"#">*(-*(8%*/.">;.>%*-S*
:-"S%''#-"A* Z8;'E* #"* (8%* '%:-"+* 0.&(* -S* -;&* +#''%&(.(#-"E* [%* [#//* %U0/.#"* (8%* (8&%%*
'(.>%'* -S* ;"+%&'(."+#">* @08%"-7%"-/->#:./E* 8%&7%"%;(#:'* ."+* &%S/%U#$%C* (-* -["*
08#/-'-08#:./*8%&7%"%;(#:'*-S*N#:O;&*HPQGA*
*
*
a%X[-&+'W* M8#/-'-08XE* M.;/* N#:O;&E* 0+#$$#3$() 5+-Y* C"() &@53%$#&5) %?) (,#$)A*
8%&7%"%;(#:'Y*S.//#=#/#(XY*+#'0&-0-&(#-"Y*/.">;.>%*-S*:-"S%''#-"E*'X7=-/E*'%&$#/%*[#//Y*
8%&7%"%;(#:*:#&:/%A*
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

*
*
#$*
!
Table!des!matières!
*
*
N)';7)AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*##*
*
B='(&.:(AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*###*
*
*
*
b"(&-+;:(#-"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*H*
*
*
HA*c%*7-7%"(*(&."':%"+."(./*W*/%'*:-"+#(#-"'*-"(-/->#L;%'*+;*7./AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*Q*
*
* HAHA*c%'*8X0-(8V'%'*+%*(&.$.#/AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*Q*
*
* HAFA*c.*0&):-70&)8%"'#-"*+%*/.*S.#//#=#/#()AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*P*
*
HAIA*c.*'X"(8V'%*(&."':%"+."(./%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*HI*
* HAIAHA*c.*0%&'0%:(#$%*S#"#%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*Hd*
* HAIAFA*c%*$%&=%*#"S#"#AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*Hd*
* HAIAIA*c9#7.>#".(#-"*0;&%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*HQ*
*
HAdA*c.*'X"(8V'%*0&.(#L;%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*He*
* HAdAHA*c%*:.&.:(V&%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*Hf*
* HAdAFA*c%*=-"8%;&AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*FG*
* HAdAIA*c%*&%'0%:(AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*FH*
*
HAgA*c.*S&.>#/#()*.SS%:(#$%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*FI*
* HAgAHA*c9#"(%"(#-"*%(*/9.SS%:(#-"*+;*'%"(#7%"(AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*FI*
* HAgAFA*h*E%5%)&#5'$(F)#-),+.+$#.+.(8)*1'$(F)#-)"15+-#.+.(*iAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*Fd*
* HAgAIA*c%*C"15%&*W*.$-#&E*0-;$-#&E*$./-#&AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*FQ*
HAgAdA*c.*S&.>#/#()*.SS%:(#$%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*Ff*
*
* *
*

*
*
$*
HAQA*c%*:-":%0(*+%*S.#//#=#/#()AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*IG*
* * HAQAHA*c.*:-"'(#(;(#-"*-&#>#".#&%*+%*/9T(&%*8;7.#"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*IG*
* * HAQAFA*c%'*(&-#'*'%"'*+%*/.*S.#//#=#/#()AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*Id*
*
FA*c%*(-;&"."(*8%&7)"%;(#L;%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*Ie*
*
* FAHA*c%*7-7%"(*08)"-7)"-/->#L;%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*dF*
* * FAHAHA*c.*'-;#//;&%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*dF*
* * FAHAFA*c%*0):8)AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*dd*
* * FAHAIA*c.*:;/0.=#/#()AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*de*
* * FAHAdA*c.*"-(#-"*+%*'%&S2.&=#(&%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*gF*
* * FAHAgA*c%'*'X7=-/%'*+%*'%:-"+*&.">*W*/%'*7X(8%'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*gd*
* * * FAHAgAHA*6&.7%*+%*:&).(#-"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*gQ*
* * * FAHAgAFA*c%*7X(8%*(&.>#L;%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*ge*
* * * FAHAgAIA*c%*7X(8%*.+.7#L;%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*gf*
* * * FAHAgAdA*c%*7X(8%*-&08#L;%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*QH*
*
* FAFA*c%*7-7%"(*8%&7)"%;(#L;%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*QF*
* * FAFAHA*c.*7-+%&"#()*%(*/%*'.:&)AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*QI*
* * FAFAFA*c%*:%&:/%*8%&7)"%;(#L;%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*Qd*
* * FAFAIA*c9.00&-0&#.(#-"*+%'*7X(8%'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*QQ*
*
* FAIA*c%*7-7%"(*&)S/%U#SAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*eG*
* * FAIAHA*6%*/.*0-''#=#/#()*+9;"%*%70#&#L;%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*eH*
* * FAIAFA*c%*0.&#*+%*N#:O;&*W*/9%U#'(%"(#./#()*+;*'X7=-/%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*eI*
*
K-":/;'#-"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*ee*
*
j#=/#->&.08#%AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0A*fH*
* *
*