la phonétique - SUST Repository

1
ﻢﯿﺣﺮﻟا ﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟا ﷲ ﻢﺴﺑ
Sudan University of Sciences and Technology
College of Graduate Studies
Les Problèmes des sons vocaliques chez les apprenants
arabophones Soudanais
(Étude de cas de l’Université Islamique d’Omdurman, Etudiantes de Troisième année)
ﻦﯿﯿﻧادﻮﺴﻟا بﻼﻄﻟا ىﺪﻟ ﺔﯿﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻌﻟا فوﺮﺣ ﻖﻄﻧ تﻼﻜﺸﻣ
ﺔﯿﻣﻼﺳﻹا نﺎﻣرد مأ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ تﺎﺒﻟﺎط ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺔﺳارد)-(ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟا ﺔﻗﺮﻔﻟا
Problems of pronunciation of French vowel letters among
Sudanese students
(A case study of Omdurman Islamic University students)
Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirement of M.A Degree in French
language.
Prepared By:
Shadia Ali Issa Wadi.
(Bachelor of Arts (French language) of Omdurman Islamic University, 2011)
Supervisor:
Dr. Zaki Abd Alkarim Osman.
September 2014

I
Dédicace
Je dédie ce modeste travail :
A ma chère famille.
A mes chers amis.

II
Remerciement
Je tien á remercier tout d’abord Allah qui m’a donné la force et le courage pour
poursuivre mes études et réaliser ce travail.
Mes remerciements chaleureusement suivis d’un plaisir immense s’adressent á mon
directeur de recherche Dr. Zaki Abd Alkarim, pour avoir relu avec tant de soin mon
travail et sans lui ce travail n’aurait jamais existé et pour ses conseils, ses
commentaires positifs et pertinents, sa grand disponibilité, de plus, c’est grâce á lui
ce travail fait la grand joie de ma vie.
Merci á tous mes professeurs surtout ceux de Master Dr. Ahmed Hamid, Dr. Niemat
Karamalla, Dr.Mohamed Tahir.
Mes remerciements vont également à Dr. Bachir Mohamed Adam pour son aide de
trouver des références et ses conseils.
Je remercier particulièrement du fond de mon cœur à mes chers parents qui ont
toujours allumé ma vie et m’ont orienté vers un meilleur apprentissage sans arrêt.
Finalement, merci à mes frères, mes sœurs et à tous ceux qui me soutiennent pour
réaliser ce travail, à mes meilleurs amis et camarades de master avec qui j’ai passé
des moments agréables.

III
ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﺺﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ
ﻼﻛﺷﻣ ثﺣﺑﻟا اذﻫ لوﺎﻧﺗﯾﻧرﻔﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻌﻟا فورﺣ قطﻧ ت بﻼطﻟا ىدﻟ ﺔﯾﺳ ﺑ نﯾﻘطﺎﻧﻟا نﯾﯾﻧادوﺳﻟاﯾﺑرﻌﻟﺎ.ﺔ
بﻼطﻟا ءﻻؤﻫ ﺎﻬﻬﺟاوﯾ ﻲﺗﻟا تﻼﻛﺷﻣﻟا دﯾدﺣﺗ ﻰﻟإ ثﺣﺑﻟا اذﻫ فدﻫ دﻗوﻫ قﯾﻘﺣﺗﻟو ،فورﺣﻟا ﻩذﻫ قطﻧ ﻲﻓ اذ
. ثﺣﺑﻟا ﺔﻌﯾﺑط ﻪﺗﻣءﻼﻣﻟ ﻲﻠﯾﻠﺣﺗﻟا ﻲﻔﺻوﻟا ﺞﻬﻧﻣﻟا ﺔﺳرادﻟا تﻌﺑﺗا فدﻬﻟا
ﺎﻬﺻﺋﺎﺻﺧو ﺔﯾﺳﻧرﻔﻟا ﺔﻠﻌﻟا فورﺣ صﺧﯾ ﺎﻣﯾﻓ ، ﺔﯾرظﻧ ﺔﺳارد ﺎﻬﻧﻣ لوﻷا لوﺎﻧﺗ ،لوﺻﻓ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﻰﻟا ثﺣﺑﻟا مﱠﺳُﻗ
ﯾﺳﻧرﻔﻟاو ﺔﯾزﯾﻠﺟﻧﻹاو ﺔﯾﺑرﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟ تاوﺻﻷا مﺎظﻧ نﯾﺑ ﺔﻧرﺎﻘﻣو ،. ﺔ
ةدﺎﻣ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔﯾﺳﯾردﺗﻟا ﺎﻬﺗﺎﻋﺎﺳ ددﻋ ثﯾﺣ نﻣ ﺔﺳاردﻟا داوﻣﻟ ﻲﻣﯾدﺎﻛﻷا بﻧﺎﺟﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺛﻟا لﺻﻔﻟا صﺗﺧاو
.ثﻟﺎﺛﻟا ىوﺗﺳﻣﻟا ، ﺔﯾﻣﻼﺳﻹا نﺎﻣرد مأ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ نﻣ تﺎﺑﻟﺎط ﺔﻧﯾﻌﻟا تﻧﺎﻛو ، تﺎﯾﺗوﺻﻟا
ﻪﻣﯾدﻘﺗ مﺗ صﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻧﯾﻌﻟا تﻠﻣﺗﺷاو ،ﺔﺳاردﻟا ﺔﻧﯾﻋ لﯾﻠﺣﺗﺑ صﺗﺧا دﻘﻓ ، ثﻟﺎﺛﻟا لﺻﻔﻟا ﺎﻣأ ﻠﻟ ضرﻐﺑ بﻼط
.ﺎًﯾﺋاوﺷﻋ بﻼطﻟا ءﻻؤﻫ رﺎﯾﺗﺧا نﺎﻛو ، صﻧﻠﻟ مﻬﺗءارﻗ لﯾﺟﺳﺗ
: ﺎﻬﻧﻣ ﺞﺋﺎﺗﻧﺑ ثﺣﺑﻟا جرﺧ دﻗو كﻟذ ﻲﻓ بﺑﺳﻟاو ﺔﯾﺳﻧرﻔﻟا ﺔﻠﻌﻟا فورﺣ قطﻧ ﻲﻓ رﯾﺑﻛ فﻌﺿ مﻬﯾدﻟ بﻼطﻟا ﱠنأ
سﻔﻧﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﺛﻟا مدﻋ ﻰﻟا ﻊﺟرﯾ، ﺔﯾﻓﺎﻛ رﯾﻏ تﺎﯾﺗوﺻﻟا ةدﺎﻣﻟ ﺔﯾﺳﯾردﺗﻟا تﺎﻋﺎﺳﻟا ددﻋ ﱠنّأ ﻰﻟإ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإا ﱠنأو ، بﻼطﻟ
تﺎﻐﻠﻠﻟ ﺔﯾﺗوﺻﻟا ﺔﻣظﻧﻷا نﯾﺑ فﻼﺗﺧﻻاو، ﺔﯾﺳﻧرﻔﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ قطﺎﻧ ذﺎﺗﺳأ نﻣ ةدﺎﻣﻟا ﻩذﻫ اوﺳردُﯾ ْنأ نوﻠﺿﻔﯾ
.ﺎﻬﺗﺑﺎﺗﻛو ﺎﻬﻘطﻧ ﺔﯾﻔﯾﻛ ﻲﻓ (ﺔﯾﺳﻧرﻔﻟاو ﺔﯾزﯾﻠﺟﻧﻹاو ﺔﯾﺑرﻌﻟا) ثﻼﺛﻟا
: ﻰﻟﺎﺗﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺳرادﻟا ﻲﺻوﺗو ﻟ ﻲﺗﻟا لﺋﺎﺳوﻟا رﯾﻓوﺗو ، تﺎﯾﺗوﺻﻟا ررﻘﻣ تﺎﻋﺎﺳ ددﻋ ةدﺎﯾزﻛ مﺎﻬﺳإ ﺎﻬﯾد ﻲﻓ رﯾﺑ
ﻲﺗوﺻﻟا ﺢﯾﺣﺻﺗﻟا ﺞﻬﻧﻣ مادﺧﺗﺳا لﺛﻣ بﻼطﻟا ءﺎطﺧأ ﺢﯾﺣﺻﺗ ﺞﻫﺎﻧﻣو ،تاوﺻﻷا لﻣﺎﻌﻣ ًﺔﺻﺎﺧ ،ﺎﻬﺳﯾردﺗ
méthode verbo-tonal) (le سﯾردﺗﻟا ﺞﻣارﺑ ﻲﻓ عوﻧﺗﻟاو رﻌﺷﻟاو ﻰﻘﯾﺳوﻣﻟا لﺛﻣ، ﺔﯾﻘﯾﺑطﺗﻟا.

IV
Abstract
This research deals with the pronunciation problems of vowels that face the
Sudanese Arabic native speakers who learn French as a foreign language at the
tertiary level.
This research aims at identifying the problems faced by these students in the
pronunciation of the vowel sounds. The researcher uses the descriptive analytical
method to achieve the objective of the study because it is relevant to the nature of
the study.
The study is divided into three chapters: the first chapter deals with the theoretical
aspects which include the French vowels and their characteristics, and a comparison
between the system sounds of Arabic, English and French.
The second chapter talks about the material of academic study in terms of the number
of hours specifically hours of the phonetics and phonology, and the sample was
students from Omdurman Islamic University, the third level.
The third chapter singled out the analysis of the sample which included a text
presented to the students for the purpose of recording their reading of the text. The
students are selected randomly. The results of the study are as followings: students
have a significant weakness in the pronunciation the vowels of the French language
and the reason for this is due to lack of self-confidence, in addition to the number of
hours of teaching the sound system are inadequate, and students prefer to study this
subject by a native French professor as well. The difference between sound systems
of Arabic, English and French affect on how to pronounce and write them.
The study there for recommends: The numbers of hours for teachings phonology
are to be increased, making available teaching technology that assist in teaching
sound system of the French language such as language lab. Also it recommends
using error correction method such as (Le method verbo-tonal) and to diverse the
teaching sources such as songs and poetry.
Résumé