
iv 
 
ABSTRACT 
 
Short abstract (ProQuest) 
Jacques  Derrida’s  reflection  pertaining  to  language  often  begins  with  the  example  of 
origin that can be read in the Bible. This analysis assesses the power of words through 
Derrida’s paramount notions of performative, event and translation in his philosophical 
work. Shibboleth: for Paul Celan, The Gift of Death and , among 
other texts, will be given a particular attention considering how Derrida elaborates in them 
his reflection on words and the occurrence of event in language in a decisive manner.  
 
Long abstract 
In order to express or define a new idea, Derrida often alters the meaning of a word in 
order to make it his own. Derrida’s relationship with ideas mostly expresses itself through 
a specific vocabulary which finds its roots in an etymological analysis (whether true or 
false). How does Derrida conceive the word? What are its implications and consequences? 
In order to answer these questions, one ought to follow closely Derrida’s approach of 
language through grammar in its broader sense (meaning anything which produces an 
event in language). It is by the examination of biblical episodes such as Genesis or Babel’s 
myth that the relationship between a word and the idea it represents is better conceived. 
The inaugural sentence in the gospel of John, “In the beginning was the Word…”, is often 
present  in  Derrida’s  work,  where  its  numerous  occurrences  undergo  various 
transformations:  this  requires  a  closer  inspection,  especially  in  retrospect  of  logos’s 
deconstruction and the origin of language. This analysis will be based upon, amongst other 
texts, Shibboleth: for Paul Celan, The Gift of Death and  since they 
allow the possibility of a “divine intention” within language. Our objective, through a 
preferential study of those biblical “examples” in Derrida’s work, is to study his creation 
process  pertaining  to  language.  This  aspect  has  always  been  intertwined  with  the 
elaboration of his philosophy and he has given it the utmost attention. In the end, this 
analysis  presents  itself  as  a  contribution  to  the  philosopher’s  thinking,  addressing  a 
paramount aspect of his work while disproving the idea that his writing is “unreachable”, 
whereas it is, in fact, a question of how Derrida conceives language. 
 
Keywords : Jacques Derrida, event, performative, Genesis, speech act, Bible, philosophy