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ABSTRACT
Short abstract (ProQuest)
Jacques Derrida’s reflection pertaining to language often begins with the example of
origin that can be read in the Bible. This analysis assesses the power of words through
Derrida’s paramount notions of performative, event and translation in his philosophical
work. Shibboleth: for Paul Celan, The Gift of Death and , among
other texts, will be given a particular attention considering how Derrida elaborates in them
his reflection on words and the occurrence of event in language in a decisive manner.
Long abstract
In order to express or define a new idea, Derrida often alters the meaning of a word in
order to make it his own. Derrida’s relationship with ideas mostly expresses itself through
a specific vocabulary which finds its roots in an etymological analysis (whether true or
false). How does Derrida conceive the word? What are its implications and consequences?
In order to answer these questions, one ought to follow closely Derrida’s approach of
language through grammar in its broader sense (meaning anything which produces an
event in language). It is by the examination of biblical episodes such as Genesis or Babel’s
myth that the relationship between a word and the idea it represents is better conceived.
The inaugural sentence in the gospel of John, “In the beginning was the Word…”, is often
present in Derrida’s work, where its numerous occurrences undergo various
transformations: this requires a closer inspection, especially in retrospect of logos’s
deconstruction and the origin of language. This analysis will be based upon, amongst other
texts, Shibboleth: for Paul Celan, The Gift of Death and since they
allow the possibility of a “divine intention” within language. Our objective, through a
preferential study of those biblical “examples” in Derrida’s work, is to study his creation
process pertaining to language. This aspect has always been intertwined with the
elaboration of his philosophy and he has given it the utmost attention. In the end, this
analysis presents itself as a contribution to the philosopher’s thinking, addressing a
paramount aspect of his work while disproving the idea that his writing is “unreachable”,
whereas it is, in fact, a question of how Derrida conceives language.
Keywords : Jacques Derrida, event, performative, Genesis, speech act, Bible, philosophy