•×
=×
...
...
... ...
=
...
...
... ...
...
...
. . . . . .
•
=X
=
•
×
(−)
•×
 = 
•= + = +
= + = +
•
×
•×
= ( + )( + )
= ( + )( )
= ( )( −)
= ( )( −)
= ( + )( )
= ( −)( + )
= ( −)( + )
= + −+ = +
= + = −+ +
•
•×
=
=
/
/
= =
/= =
 = × 
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