!
"!
!"#$%&'&(&)%*&+"%$,-*&.%&/0&12,**0-+%&3*2,4%5&
6"01,47%&8&(&)0&6",-%&%4&/%&$9-.%&.%12,*&/%&$92:%$%-4&.2&;&$0,&<=<=&
#!Quand&la&Chine&s’éveillera…le&monde&entier&tremblera&$!%&!'()*(+,--(!."/001&!%2!3452-!32!
667! 8,9:;(<! ;=! >?,@(! (8-! 8A2B,8(! C! ;D,@+;2(@:(! A::,3(@-=;(! (-! E=FA@=,8(!G! (@! (++(-<! :(--(!
8,-2=-,A@!,882(!32!6H6(!8,9:;(!@D(8-!:(F(@3=@-!F;28!=::(F-4(!F=*!;(8!>?,@A,8!I!;(!BA2J(B(@-!
32!K!B=,!"/"/!B=*L2(!;(!3452-!3D2@(!@A2J(;;(!F4*,A3(!3=@8!;(8!*(;=-,A@8!3(!;=!>?,@(!=J(:!;(!
BA@3(<!:=*=:-4*,84(!F=*!;=!JA;A@-4!3(!8D=++*=@:?,*!3(!:(--(!3AB,@=-,A@!(-!3(!*(-*A2J(*!8=!
F2,88=@:(!3,8F=*2(&!M=! J,:-A,*(!3(8!>ABB2@,8-(8!(@!"/K/!B=*L2(!;(!3452-!3D2@(!@A2J(;;(!
4-=F(!3=@8!;D?,8-A,*(!3(!;=!>?,@(!.348A*B=,8!N4F25;,L2(!FAF2;=,*(1&!O;;(!(8-!B=*L24(!F=*!;=!
:A@8-*2:-,A@! 3D2@! P-=-! +A*-! (-! F=*! 2@(! L2Q-(! 3(! F2,88=@:(! C! -*=J(*8! ;=! *(:A@L2Q-(! 3(! 8=!
8A2J(*=,@(-4!(-!;(!34J(;AFF(B(@-!3(!8A@!,@+;2(@:(!(@!%8,(&!!
M=!BA*-!3(!R=A!(@!"/0S!A2J*(!2@!-*A,8,9B(!JA;(-!3=@8!;D?,8-A,*(!3(!;=!>?,@(!=2!66(!8,9:;(&!
O@!2@(!-*(@-=,@(!3D=@@4(8<!(;;(!=:L2,(*-!2@!8-=-2-!3(!F2,88=@:(!4:A@AB,L2(!(-!+,@=@:,9*(!3(!
F*(B,(*!F;=@!L2,!;2,!F(*B(-!3(!F*4-(@3*(!C!2@(!F;28!T*=@3(!,@+;2(@:(!FA;,-,L2(!82*!;=!8:9@(!
,@-(*@=-,A@=;(&!!
Comment&la&Chine&a6t6elle&construit&une&voie&originale&vers&la&puissance&?&
>?&888&
@&A&)0&6",-%&%-47%&.9$,-04,9-&B470-C#7%&%4&-04,9-0/,*$%&3<=<=D<=;=5&
>927E29,&/0&6",-%&7%*4%D4D%//%&.9$,-B%&$0/C7B&/%&7B:%,/&-04,9-0/&.%&$0,&<=<=&F&
G9+2$%-4&<D&H0-,I%*4%&1927&/0&C7#:%&CB-B70/%J&>BK,-J&<L&$0,&<=<=?&&
M&3???5&N92*&.B+,.9-*&.%&/0-+%7&2-%&C7#:%&CB-B70/%&/%&<=&$0,?&3???5&>%-.0-4&/0&C7#:%J&-92*&-92*&%-&
4,%-.79-*&02O&7B*9/24,9-*&.%&-947%&4B/BC70$$%&.2&<;&$0,&(&&
<P&.Q97C0-,*%7&2-&+971*&.%&:9/9-40,7%*&B42.,0-4*&.%&>BK,-&1927&/0&.BI%-*%&.2&R"0-.9-CJ&E2,&
*Q9++21%70&.%&+%44%&,$1B7,%2*%&27C%-+%&-04,9-0/%&S&&
8P&.Q97C0-,*%7&.0-*&/%*&B+9/%*&.%*&BE2,1%*&1927&B.2E2%7&/%&1%21/%&%4&/QB:%,//%7&T&/Q,$19740-+%&.2&
I0,4&-04,9-0/&S&&
'P&.Q97C0-,*%7&.0-*&/%*&B+9/%*&.%*&M&C7921%*&.%&.,O&U&0I,-&.%&$0,-4%-,7&/Q97.7%&%4&.%&7B.2,7%&/%&
.0-C%7&E2,&$%-0+%&/%&10V*&S&&
;P&.QB42.,%7&/QB+9-9$,%&.%&I0W9-&1/2*&01179I9-.,%J&.0-*&/Q,-4B7X4&.2&10V*?&&
N92*J&B42.,0-4*J&0:9-*&B4B&B.2E2B*&.%12,*&*,&/9-C4%$1*&%4&-92*&*9$$%*&+2/4,:B*&-92*&$X$%*&
.%12,*&*,&/9-C4%$1*&E2%&-92*&0279-*&/%&Y9-&*%-*&.%&-92*&+9-I97$%7&02O&:%742*&-04,9-0/%*&.%&
*0C%**%J&.%&+9270C%&%4&.%&.B4%7$,-04,9-&S&-92*&-%&.B*"9-97%79-*&10*&-947%&",*49,7%&-04,9-0/%&%-&
0C,**0-4&.%&I0W9-&%O+%**,:%?&3???5&U&&
&
G9+2$%-4&8&!70,4B&.%&Z%7*0,//%*&<=<=(&.79,4*&%4&,-4B7X4*&0//%$0-.*&"97*&.%&/[\//%$0C-%?&&
R%+4,9-&@@&A6",-%D&
\74,+/%&<'](&R92*&7B*%7:%&.%*&.,*19*,4,9-*&.%&/0&*%+4,9-&Z@@@&.%&/0&17B*%-4%&1074,%J&/[\//%$0C-%&+#.%&
T&/0&6",-%&492*&/%*&Y^4,$%-4*&_???`&%4&0247%*&17917,B4B*&12Y/,E2%*J&011074%-0-4&02&a92:%7-%$%-4&
0//%$0-.J&E2,&*9-4&*,42B*&92&E2,&1%2:%-4&*%&4792:%7&.0-*&/%*&+9-+%**,9-*&0//%$0-.%*&T&!Q,%-D!*,-&%4&
T&b0-DcQ%92&92&.0-*&/%*&0247%*&1074,%*&.2&4%77,49,7%&+",-9,*?&_???`&&
\74,+/%&<';(&)[\//%$0C-%&7%-9-+%&%-&I0:%27&.2&a92:%7-%$%-4&.%&R0&H0d%*4B&Y7,40--,E2%&02O&Y,%-*&
.%&/[e404&0//%$0-.&.0-*&/0&+9-+%**,9-&Y7,40--,E2%&.%&R"0$%%-J&T&60-49-?_???`&&
R%+4,9-&Z@@@&D6"0-492-CD&&
\74,+/%&<fg(&)[\//%$0C-%&7%-9-+%J&%-&I0:%27&.2&h019-J&T&492*&*%*&.79,4*J&4,47%*&%4&17,:,/#C%*J&
+9-+%7-0-4&-940$$%-4&/%&4%77,49,7%&.%&c,09D!+"B92&_???`&E2[%//%&0&0+E2,*&%-&:%742&.2&470,4B&10**B&
107&%//%&0:%+&/0&6",-%J&/%&g&$07*&<L=L&_???`?&
!92*&/%*&.79,4*&0//%$0-.*&.0-*&/%&+"%$,-&.%&I%7&.%&!*,-C409&T&!*,-0-I92J_???`&*9-4&%4&.%$%27%-4&
0+E2,*&02&h019-J&0:%+&492*&/%*&.79,4*&%4&17,:,/#C%*&E2,&*[V&70440+"%-4?&&
)%*&+^Y/%*&*92*D$07,-*&.%&/[e404&0//%$0-.J&.%&!*,-C409&T&R"0-C"0i&%4&.%&!*,-C409&T&!+"BD&I92&_???`&
7%*4%-4&BC0/%$%-4&0+E2,*&02&h019-J&I70-+*&%4&E2,44%*&.%&4924%*&+"07C%*?&
\74,+/%&<fj(&)%*&.79,4*&$9Y,/,%7*&%4&,$$9Y,/,%7*&E2%&/[e404&0//%$0-.&19**#.%&.0-*&/%&4%77,49,7%&.%&
c,09D!+"B92&_???`&*9-4&%4&.%$%27%-4&0+E2,*&02&h019-J&I70-+*&%4&E2,44%*&.%&4924%*&+"07C%*?&&
Au bac
Composition
Analyse
critique de
document (s)
!
U!
&
&
\&D&k-%&C70-.%&12,**0-+%&.B+"2%&
V(F2,8! KWWW! =@8<! 3,++4*(@-(8! 3)@=8-,(8! A@-! *4T@4! 82*! ;=! >?,@(! 3A@@=@-! @=,88=@:(! C! 2@(!
:,J,;,8=-,A@!5*,;;=@-(<!B=,8!:D(8-!(@!UU"!=J!X&>!L2(!;(!F*(B,(*!(BF,*(!:?,@A,8!+2-!+A@34!3,*,T4(!
F=*!3(8!B=@3=*,@8!.+A@:-,A@@=,*(81<!!,@+;2(@:4(!F=*!;(!:A@+2:,=@,8B(!.F?,;A8AF?(!32!Y7!=J&!
X&>1!I!*(8F(:-!3(8!=@:Q-*(8!(-!?=*BA@,(!(@-*(!;D?ABB(!(-!;=!@=-2*(!.,34A;AT,(!A++,:,(;;(1&!'=)8!
3D,@@AJ=-,A@8! B=E(2*(8!I! F=F,(*! 3(! *,Z<! B=-?4B=-,L2(8<! =T*,:2;-2*(<! ! ;DOBF,*(! 32! R,;,(2! =!
;=*T(B(@-!#8,@,84!$!;D%8,(!A*,(@-=;(&!
%2!6H67!8,9:;(<!;(!F=)8!*(8-(!C!;D4:=*-!3(!;=!N4JA;2-,A@!,@328-*,(;;(<!:D(8-!2@!F=)8!F=2J*(!(-!8=!
FAF2;=-,A@!(8-!@AB5*(28(&!M(8!T*=@3(8!F2,88=@:(8!F*A+,-(@-!3(!:(--(!8,-2=-,A@!FA2*!,BFA8(*!
.F=*!;=!+A*:(1!C!;=!>?,@(!3(8!470,4B*&,-BC02O!L2,!F;=:(@-!;(!F=)8!8A28!;(2*!:A@-*[;(&!
O@! "/"U<! ;=! *4F25;,L2(! (8-! F*A:;=B4(! F=*! \2@! ]?A@T8?=@! 3A@-! ;D=2-A*,-4! (8-! -*98! J,-(!
:A@-(8-4(!F=*!;(8!8(,T@(2*8!T2(**,(*8!L2,!8(!8A@-!(BF=*48!3D2@!5A@!@AB5*(!3(!F*AJ,@:(8!(-!
8(!3,8F2-(@-!;(!FA2JA,*!:(@-*=;&!
O@!"/"K<!;=!>?,@(!8(!+=,-!J,-(!A::2F4(!F=*!;(!X=FA@!(-!(@-*(!(@!T2(**(!(@!"/"0!=2^!:[-48!3(!
;DO@-(@-(&!O;;(!:ABF-(! *4:2F4*(*! ;(8! -(**,-A,*(8! A::2F48! B=,8! ;(8! @4TA:,=-,A@8! 32! _*=,-4!3(!
Y(*8=,;;(8!.398!E=@J,(*1!=::A*3(!+,@=;(B(@-!;(!\?=@3A@T!.>?=@-A2@T1!=2!X=FA@&!..9+2$%-4&81!
!
l&A&Z%7*&/0&7%-0,**0-+%&+",-9,*%&3<=<=D<='<5&
`@! =88,8-(! 3=@8! 2@! F*(B,(*! -(BF8! C! 2@! *4J(,;! 3(! ;=! :A@8:,(@:(! @=-,A@=;(!I! 3A:2B(@-! "!I!
*4JA;-(!32!K!B=,!"/"/!a!BA2J(B(@-!@=-,A@=;,8-(!L2,!34+(@3!;=!8A2J(*=,@(-4!:?,@A,8(!-A2-!(@!
=FF(;=@-!C!2@(!BA3(*@,8=-,A@!82*!;(!BA39;(!A::,3(@-=;&!!
V=@8! ;(8! =@@4(8! UW<! 3(2^! F=*-,8! =2-A*,-=,*(8! F*AFA8(@-! 3(8! 8A;2-,A@8! FA2*! *(3*(88(*! ;=!
F2,88=@:(!3(!;=!>?,@(!(-!(@!+,@,*!=J(:!;(8!3AB,@=-,A@8!4-*=@T9*(8&!!
M(! F=*-,! @=-,A@=;,8-(! A2! b2AB,@3=@T! .bRV1! +A@34! F=*!\2@cd=-c\(@! J(2-! *4-=5;,*!
;D=2-A*,-4!3(!;DO-=-!(-!;(!F*(8-,T(!@=-,A@=;&!
M(! '=*-,! >ABB2@,8-(! >?,@A,8! .'>>1<! @4! (@! "/U"! 8A28! ;D,BF2;8,A@! 3(! ;DeN\\! J(2-!
=3AF-(*! ;(! BA39;(! FA;,-,L2(! 8AJ,4-,L2(! (-! :ABF-(! 82*! 8A@! =,3(! FA2*! ;2--(*! :A@-*(!
;D,BF4*,=;,8B(!3(8!=2-*(8!F2,88=@:(8&!!
M(8!3(2^!F=*-,8!:A@:;2(@-!2@(!=;;,=@:(!(-!;(!bRV!F*(@3!;(!FA2JA,*!F=*!;=!+A*:(!(@!"/US!I!:D(8-!
_:?=@T!f=g!>?(:h!L2,!3,*,T(!B=,8!,;!@(!:A@-*[;(!L2D2@(!F=*-,(!32!F=)8!I!;(!;,--A*=;&!M(!'>!(8-!
+,@=;(B(@-!*4F*,B4!(-!;(8!:ABB2@,8-(8!8(!*4+2T,(@-!3=@8!;(8!:=BF=T@(8&!R=A!](3A@T!F*(@3!
;=! -Q-(! 32! F=*-,! =F*98! ;=! )9-C2%& H07+"%!."/iKc"/ij1&! M(! F=)8! (8-! 3A@:! *=J=T4! 3=@8! ;(8!
=@@4(8!iW!F=*!2@(!T2(**(!:,J,;(&!
!
6&A&G%&/Q9++2104,9-&d019-0,*%&T&/0&7B:9/24,9-&+9$$2-,*4%&
MDO-=-!:?,@A,8!=++=,5;,!F=*!;=!T2(**(!:,J,;(!@(!F(2-!+=,*(!+=:(!C!;D(^F=@8,A@@,8B(!E=FA@=,8&!O@!
"/i"<!;(!X=FA@!(@J=?,-!;=!R=@3:?A2*,(<!F2,8!=--=L2(!(-!A::2F(!;=!>?,@(!:[-,9*(!(@!"/i0!I!;=!
:A@L2Q-(!(8-!5*2-=;(!I!F;28!3(!"WW!WWW!F(*8A@@(8!8A@-!B=88=:*4(8!C!k=@h,@! ."/i01!! (-!(@!
"/K"<!;=!FA;,-,L2(!E=FA@=,8(!3(8!#!_*A,8!_A2-!$!._2(!-A2-<!5*l;(!-A2-<!F,;;(!-A2-1!:=28(!;=!BA*-!
3(!U<0!B,;;,A@8!3(!>?,@A,8&!!
V=@8!:(!:A@-(^-(<!;(8!3(2^!F=*-,8!.bRV!(-!'>>1!828F(@3(@-!;(8!?A8-,;,-48!(-!8D2@,88(@-!FA2*!
:AB5=--*(!;(8!X=FA@=,8&!O@!"/K"<!;=!>?,@(!*(mA,-!;D=,3(!3(8!%;;,48!(-!(@!"/Kj<!;(8!:ABB2@,8-(8!
=,348! 3(8! %B4*,:=,@8! ;,59*(@-! 2@(! F=*-,(! 32! F=)8&! M(! U! 8(F-(B5*(! ;(! b2AB,@3=@T! 8,T@(!
;D=*B,8-,:(! =J(:! ;(! X=FA@&! M=! >?,@(! A5-,(@-! 2@! 8,9T(! =2! >A@8(,;! 3(! 84:2*,-4! F(*B=@(@-! C!
;D`ke<!;=!+,@!3(8!-*=,-48!,@4T=2^!(-!3(8!:A@:(88,A@8!.8=2+!:(;;(8!3(!nf!(-!3(!R=:=A1&!
Commentaire: '(@84(!,@8F,*4(!3(!
>A@+2:,28<!F?,;A8AF?(!:?,@A,8!32!YHcY7!8,9:;(!
=J=@-!X&><!:A@8,34*4!:ABB(!;(!F9*(!3(!;=!
:2;-2*(!-*=3,-,A@@(;;(!:?,@A,8(&!
Commentaire: >?&88;!kAB!3A@@4!F=*!;(8!
>?,@A,8!=2^!-*=,-48!,BFA848!C!F=*-,*!3(!"oKU!
F=*!;(8!T*=@3(8!F2,88=@:(8!(2*AF4(@@(8<!
4-=82@,(@@(!(-!E=FA@=,8(&!M=!>?,@(!3A,-!;,B,-(*!
8(8!3*A,-8!3(!3A2=@(<!:43(*!3(8!:A@:(88,A@8!
A2!3(8!-(**,-A,*(8<!A2J*,*!8(8!FA*-8!=2!
:ABB(*:(!,@-(*@=-,A@=;&&!
Commentaire: >?&88;&
Commentaire: >?&88;&
Commentaire: >?&8'f!"oo0c"/0j<!B,;,-=,*(!
,882!3(!;D=,;(!:A@8(*J=-*,:(!32!bRV&!H;!82::93(!
C!\2@!d=-!\(@!(-!*ABF-!J,A;(BB(@-!=J(:!;(8!
:ABB2@,8-(8&!H;!(8-!;(!3,8:-=-(2*!+=,5;(!3D2@(!
>?,@(!F=*-,(;;(B(@-!*42@,+,4(&!H;!8(!*(F;,(!C!
_=,p=@!=F*98!;=!T2(**(!(-!3,*,T(!;=!N(F&!3(!
>?,@(!E28L2D(@!"/0j!
Commentaire: G9+&<&1?&8']&
!
i!
O@!"/KS<!;=!T2(**(!:,J,;(!*(F*(@3!(-!;(!bRV!(8-!J=,@:2!B=;T*4!;D=,3(!=B4*,:=,@(&!H;!8(!*(F;,(!C!
_=,p=@&!'(h,@!3(J,(@-!;=!:=F,-=;(!3(!;=!N4F25;,L2(!'AF2;=,*(!3(!>?,@(!.N'>1!F*A:;=B4(!F=*!
R=A! ](3A@T! ;(! "(*! A:-A5*(! "/K/! -=@3,8! L2D2@(! N4F25;,L2(! 3(! >?,@(! 3,8-,@:-(! :A@-,@2(! C!
(^,8-(*! C! _=,p=@! (-! *(F*48(@-(! 8(2;(! ;=! >?,@(! C! ;D`ke! E28L2D(@! "/0"&! M(8! F2,88=@:(8!
A::,3(@-=;(8!!.8=2+!;=!bq!FA2*!T=*3(*!nf1!@(!*(:A@@=,88(@-!F=8!;=!N'>!G!;(!*4T,B(!@=-,A@=;,8-(!
3(!_=,p=@!(8-!;(!8(2;!;4T=;&!!
!
!
!
@@&A&)0&6",-%&+9$$2-,*4%&0II,7$%&*0&12,**0-+%&19/,4,E2%&3<=;=D<=j=5&
!
69$$%-4&/0&6",-%&1912/0,7%&*Q%*4D%//%&,$19*B%&*27&/0&*+#-%&,-4%7-04,9-0/%&F&
«"L’URSS"d’aujourd’hui,"c’est"la"Chine"de"demain"»"Mao"Zedong"
&
\&A&k-&m404&*92*&/Q,-I/2%-+%&*9:,B4,E2%&
V=@8!2@!F*(B,(*!-(BF8<!R=A!,B,-(!;(!BA39;(!8AJ,4-,L2(!(@!4-=@-!8A2-(@2!F=*!3(8!B,;;,(*8!3(!
-(:?@,:,(@8!J(@28!3DeN\\!.-*=,-4!3D=B,-,4!(@!"/jW1!I!
>A;;(:-,J,8=-,A@!3(!;D4:A@AB,(!
'*,A*,-4!C!;D,@328-*,(!;A2*3(!
';=@8!:(@-*=;,848!(-!=2-A*,-=,*(8!
b*=@38!-*=J=2^!3(!:A@8-*2:-,A@!I!5=**=T(8<!28,@(8<!JA,(8!+(**4(8!
MA*8!3(!;=!T2(**(!3(!>A*4(!."/jWc"/ji1!3(8!:(@-=,@(8!3(!#!JA;A@-=,*(8!$!:?,@A,8!JA@-!=,3(*!;=!
>A*4(!32!kA*3!=J(:!;D=FF2,!3(!;DeN\\&!!
'(h,@!8A2-,(@-!;(8!Y,(-!R,@?!3=@8!;=!T2(**(!3DH@3A:?,@(!."/KSc"/jK1&!
O@!"/jW<!;=!>?,@(!(@J=?,-!;(!_,5(-!.F(*32!(@!"/"U1!B=,8!=::(F-(!;=!F(*-(!3(!;=!RA@TA;,(!(-!@(!
F(2-!*4:2F4*(*!(@:A*(!nf!@,!_=,p=@<!@,!R=:=A&!!
!
l&A&k-&,*9/%$%-4&7%/04,I&
O@!"/jo<!;=!>?,@(!8A2?=,-(!,@J(@-(*!8A@!F*AF*(!BA39;(!I!;(!b*=@3!qA@3!(@!%J=@-&&
M=! 3,*(:-,A@! B=Ag8-(! ;=@:(! (@! "/jo! ;(! #!b*=@3! qA@3! (@! =J=@-!.bq%1! $! L2,! 3A,-! +=,*(! 3(! ;=!
>?,@(! ;D=J=@-cT=*3(! 32! 8A:,=;,8B(<! ;DeN\\! 4-=@-! J2(! :ABB(! *4J,8,A@@,8-(! .4FAL2(!
f?*A2:?-:?(J1!&!V98!;=!+,@!"/j0<!;=!*(34+,@,-,A@!32!34J(;AFF(B(@-!4:A@AB,L2(!(8-!B,8(!=2!
FA,@-&!M=!>?,@(!3A,-!2-,;,8(*!;=!-=,;;(!3(!8=!FAF2;=-,A@!(-!2@!(++A*-!(^:(F-,A@@(;!F(*B(--*=!3(!
*=--*=F(*!;DO2*AF(!C! 5*9J(! 4:?4=@:(&! MDA5E(:-,+! 32! bq%! (8-! 3A@:!3D=::4;4*(*! ;(! F=88=T(! =2!
8A:,=;,8B(! (-! 3(! #!34F=88(*! ;=! b*=@3(cq*(-=T@(! (@! "j! =@8!$&! O@! =--(8-(! ;(! 8;AT=@! 3(!
;D4FAL2(!I! «"Trois" ans" d’efforts" et" de" privations" donneront" mille" ans" de" bonheur"».!'A2*!
*4288,*!:(;=!I!!
H;! +=2-! #!B=*:?(*! 82*! 3(2^! E=B5(8!$<! /Q0C7,+2/427%! 3(J,(@-! =,@8,! #!;(! +A@3(B(@-! 3(!
;D4:A@AB,(!$<!-=@3,8!L2(!/Q,-.2*47,%!(8-!;(!#!+=:-(2*!3,*,T(=@-!$!G!
M(8! +9$$2-%*& 1912/0,7%*! 3A,J(@-! F*ABA2JA,*! 2@! 34J(;AFF(B(@-! ,@-4T*4! 3(!
;D=T*,:2;-2*(<! 3(! ;D,@328-*,(<! 32! :ABB(*:(<! 3(! ;D432:=-,A@! (-! 3(! ;=! 34+(@8(! 32!
-(**,-A,*(!G!;(!;AF,@!3(!-(**(!(8-!=5A;,<!;=!J,(!:ABB2@=2-=,*(!(8-!FA2884(!C!;D(^-*QB(<!
A@!=@@A@:(!;=!3,8F=*,-,A@!3(!;=!F*AF*,4-4!F*,J4(!C!F=*-!L2(;L2(8!B(@28!A5E(-8&!!
>(!34J(;AFF(B(@-!-A28!=Z,B2-8!B9@(!;(!F=)8!C!;=!:=-=8-*AF?(!I!
c MD=FF=*(,;!F*A32:-,+!(8-!348A*T=@,84&!
c V=@8!;(8!:=BF=T@(8!:D(8-!;=!+=B,@(<!8A,T@(28(B(@-!:=:?4(!=2!BA@3(!(^-4*,(2*!I!;=!
82*BA*-=;,-4!=!=--(,@-!(@-*(!"S!(-!UW!B,;;,A@8!3(!F(*8A@@(8<!8=@8!A25;,(*!;(!34+,:,-!3(8!
@=,88=@:(8<! 32*=@-! ;(8! -*A,8! =@8&! 'A2*!:(! L2,! (8-! 3(! ;=!F*A32:-,A@! :4*4=;,9*(<! A@! @(!
Commentaire: "o/ic"/0S!I!VDA*,T,@(8!
F=)8=@@(8<!,;!*9T@(!(@!3(8FA-(!82*!;(!'>!
:?,@A,8!C!F=*-,*!3(!"/KU<!F2,8!82*!;(!F=)8!398!
"/K/!E28L2DC!8=!BA*-&!!
Commentaire: «"L’URSS"d’aujourd’hui,"
c’est"la"Chine"de"demain"»"Mao"Zedong"
!
Commentaire: M=!>?,@(!(@J=?,-!;(!_,5(-!
.F=*-,(!"1!
!
M=!>?,@(!(@J=?,-!;(!_,5(-!.F=*-,(!U1!
!
Commentaire: G9+?&>?&8'g&
!
K!
*(-*A2J(*=! ;(8! :?,++*(8! 3(! "/jo! ! (@! "/Sj! =;A*8! L2(! ;=! FAF2;=-,A@! =! +A*-(B(@-!
=2TB(@-4&!
>D(8-!2@!4:?(:!BA@2B(@-=;!32!+=,-!3D2@(!,BF*AJ,8=-,A@!@A-A,*(!(-!3D2@!B=@L2(!3(!BA)(@8&!
>(;=! =! 4-4! =TT*=J4! F=*! 2@! 34+(*;(B(@-! 3(! :=;=B,-48! @=-2*(;;(8! .-)F?A@8<! ,@J=8,A@8!
3D,@8(:-(81! (-! F=*! ;(! *(-*=,-! 5*2-=;! 3(! ;D=,3(! 8AJ,4-,L2(&! R=A! F*A@A@:(! 2@(! =2-A:*,-,L2(!!
-(@2(! 8(:*9-(<! 2@! F;=@! 3(! *4=E28-(B(@-! F(*B(-! 2@(! :(*-=,@(! *(;=@:(! 3(! ;=! :*A,88=@:(!
4:A@AB,L2(<!T*r:(!C!2@(!FA;,-,L2(!F;28!*4=;,8-(&!!
!
!
%! ;=! *2F-2*(! =J(:! ;(! F(2F;(! 8D=EA2-(! ;=! 8:,88,A@! (@-*(! ;DeNN\! (-! ;=! >?,@(! .=**Q-! 3(! ;D=,3(!
8AJ,4-,L2(!(@!"/SW1!G!:*,-,L2(!4T=;(B(@-!3(8!>?,@A,8!;A*8L2(!f!*(-,*(!;(8!B,88,;(8!3(!>25=!(@!
SU&! O@+,@<! (@! "/SK<! ;=! >?,@(! =@@A@:(! ;=! FA88(88,A@! 3(! ;=! 5AB5(! =-AB,L2(! .,@L2,4-23(! 3(!
;DeN\\1&!
!
_A2-(+A,8<! ;=! >?,@(! J(2-! 8432,*(! ;(8! @A2J(=2^! O-=-8! 32! -,(*8! BA@3(! .>A@+4*(@:(! 3(!
q=@32@T! "/jj1! (-! :(*-=,@8! :ABB(! ;=! \AB=;,(<! ;=! _=@Z=@,(! A2! ;=! b2,@4(! =::(F-(@-! 8A@!
=,3(&!MD%;5=@,(!=3AF-(!;(!BQB(!BA39;(!(-!(8-!;(!8(2;!F=)8!C!8A2-(@,*!;=!N'>&!'A2*-=@-!(@!
`::,3(@-<!:(*-=,@8!,@-(;;(:-2(;8!8A@-!45;A2,8!F=*!;=!*4JA;2-,A@!:2;-2*(;;(!L2,!FA2*-=@-!3A,-!
J,-(! 8D=**Q-(*! :=*! (;;(! (@T(@3*(! -*AF! 3(! 348A*3*(8&! ! Y,34A!! 82*! ;=! *4JA;2-,A@! :2;-2*(;;(!
.KD"i1&!
!
c \(;A@! ;(8! =2-(2*8! 32! Livre" noir" du" communisme<! ;=! N4JA;2-,A@! :2;-2*(;;(! =2*=,-!
F*AJAL24!(@-*(!KWW!WWW!(-!"!B,;;,A@!3(!BA*-8!G!
c MD4:A@AB,(! :?,@A,8(! (8-! F*A+A@34B(@-! 348A*T=@,84(<! ;=! F*A32:-,A@! ,@328-*,(;;(! =!
:?2-4!3(!UW!s!&!
M(!*(@JA,! 3(! "j!B,;;,A@8!3(! #!E(2@(8! ,@8-*2,-8!$! C! ;=!:=BF=T@(!+=,-! L2(! ;=! >?,@(! =!B=@L24!
F(@3=@-! 2@! -(BF8! 3(! -(:?@,:,(@8! (-! 3(! :=3*(8&! R=A! J=! 8D4:;,F8(*! 32! FA2JA,*! F(@3=@-!
L2(;L2(8!=@@4(8!.j/cSj1!.B=,8!,;!*(8-(!C!;=!-Q-(!32!'=*-,1!(-!;=,88(*!;=!F;=:(!=2^!N4=;,8-(8&!`@!
=88,8-(!=;A*8!C!2@!*=FF*A:?(B(@-!=J(:!;(8!O-=-8ce@,8!!
!
&
&
)0&nB:9/24,9-&+2/427%//%&+",-9,*%&<&
Commentaire: G9+?&f&1?&8'j&
Commentaire: "/SSc"/S/!I!:=BF=T@(!3(!
BA5,;,8=-,A@!3(8!B=88(8!;=@:4(!F=*!R=A!L2,!
8D=FF2,(!82*!;(8!E(2@(8!.b=*3(8!*A2T(81!:A@-*(!
8(8!=3J(*8=,*(8!=2!8(,@!32!'>>&!
Commentaire: V,*,T(=@-8!L2,!3A@@(@-!
F*,A*,-4!=2!34J(;AFF(B(@-<!=2!3ATB(!
:ABB2@,8-(!.]?A2!O@;=,<!B,@,8-*(!3(8!=++=,*(8!
4-*=@T9*(8!,@=BAJ,5;(!A2!_(@T!_8,=A!',@T!
!
j!
6&A&)%&701179+"%$%-4&0:%+&/Qo++,.%-4&
!
M=! *,J=;,-4! =J(:! RA8:A2! :A@32,-! '4h,@! C! 8(!
*=FF*A:?(*! =J(:! ;D`::,3(@-!I! (@! "/SK<! ;=! N'>!
(8-! *(:A@@2(! F=*! ;=! t*=@:(! F2,8! F=*! 3D=2-*(8!
O-=-8!G!(-!(;;(!F*(@3!;=!F;=:(!3(!_=,p=@!C!;D`ke!
."/0"1!G!C!:(--(! 3=-(!;(8! O-=-8ce@,8!J(2;(@-! 8(!
348(@T=T(*! 3(! ;=! T2(**(! 32! Y,(-@=B! (-! ,;8!
@A*B=;,8(@-! ;(2*8! *(;=-,A@8! =J(:! ;=! N'>! L2,!
8D,@L2,9-(! 3(! ;D,@+;2(@:(! :*A,88=@-(! 3(! ;DeN\\!
=2!Y,(-@=B&!
!
R=;T*4! :(8! *=FF*A:?(B(@-8<! ;(8! 4:?=@T(8! 3(!
;=! >?,@(! =J(:! ;(! *(8-(! 32! BA@3(! *(8-(!
BA3(8-(8! :=*! 8A@! A2J(*-2*(! 4:A@AB,L2(! (8-! ;,B,-4(&! M(! BA39;(! :?,@A,8! @(! 8D(8-! F=8!
J*=,B(@-!3,++284!.(^:(F-4!(@!%+*,L2(!A2!(@!%;5=@,(1&!%!;=!BA*-!3(!R=A!(@!"/0S<!;=!N'>!@D(8-!
F=8!2@(!F2,88=@:(!BA@3,=;(&!
!
O@!"/0o<!G%-C&p,091,-C!(8-!=2!FA2JA,*!I!;=!>?,@(!(@-*(!3=@8!2@(!@A2J(;;(!9*(&!M=!F*,A*,-4!(8-!
3A@@4(! =2! 34J(;AFF(B(@-! FA2*! +=,*(! +=:(! =2! FA,38! 34BAT*=F?,L2(! .;=! FAF2;=-,A@! =!
F*=-,L2(B(@-!3A25;4!(@!iW!=@81&!\,!;(8!F*(B,9*(8!B(82*(8!=@-,@=-=;,8-(8!A@-!4-4!F*,8(8!=F*98!
;D4:?(:!32!b*=@3!qA@<!:(!@D(8-!L2DC!F=*-,*!3(!"/0"!L2(!;=!;,B,-=-,A@!3(8!@=,88=@:(8!*(F*(@3!
=J(:! J,T2(2*! BQB(! 8D,;! +=2-! =--(@3*(! "W0o! FA2*! L2(! :(:,! =FF=*=,88(! 3=@8! ;=! :A@8-,-2-,A@&!
V(F2,8! "/0/<! ;DA5E(:-,+! (8-! 3(! +=JA*,8(*! ;D(@+=@-! 2@,L2(! (-! 3D(BFQ:?(*! ;(! 3(2^,9B(&! %2!
8;AT=@<!«"deux"enfants"c’est"assez"»<!=!82::434!«"un"enfant"c’est"merveilleux,"deux"c’est"déjà"
trop"».G!;D,34(!(8-!3(!*ABF*(!=J(:!;=!JA;A@-4!3D=2-=*:,(!3(!R=A!(-!3(!8DA2J*,*!82*!;(!BA@3(&!
!
@@@&A&)0&$9.%7-,*04,9-&%4&/Q92:%7427%&*27&/%&$9-.%&3<=j=&T&-9*&d927*5&
!
\&A&)0&17,97,4B&%*4&.9--B%&T&/Q%**97&B+9-9$,E2%&%4&&/Q92:%7427%&
u!F=*-,*!3(!"/0o<!F*,A*,-4!C!/Q0C7,+2/427%&I!!
c M=!F*AF*,4-4!32!;AF,@!3(!-(**(!(8-!348A*B=,8!;4T=;(B(@-!*(:A@@2(!G!
c V(F2,8!"/oU!8D(8-!T4@4*=;,84!;(!système"de"responsabilité<!;=!+=B,;;(!(8-!3(!@A2J(=2!;(!
@A)=2! 4:A@AB,L2(! 3(! 5=8(!I! ;(8! F=)8=@8! F=88(@-! 3(8! :A@-*=-8! =J(:! ;(8! 8(*J,:(8!
3D=:?=-8! 3(! ;DO-=-<! (-! ;(8! 82*F;28! F(2J(@-! Q-*(! J(@328! ;,5*(B(@-!G! :(! 8)8-9B(! 3A,-!
F(*B(--*(!3D=::*A,-*(!;=!F*A32:-,J,-4&!>D(8-!2@(!*4JA;2-,A@!8,;(@:,(28(!L2,!*4,@-*A32,-!
;D4:A@AB,(! 3(! B=*:?4! 3=@8! ;(! BA@3(! *2*=;<! ;D4:A@AB,(! +=B,;,=;(! 8D,BFA8(! =2!
34-*,B(@-! 3(8! 8-*2:-2*(8! :A;;(:-,J(8&! V(! F;28<! ;(! 34J(;AFF(B(@-! 3(! ;D,**,T=-,A@<! 3(!
;D2-,;,8=-,A@!3(8!(@T*=,8<!3(!;=!B4:=@,8=-,A@!(-!;=!F*A-(:-,A@!3(8!8A;8!:A@-*(!;D4*A8,A@!
3A,-!F(*B(--*(!;(!34J(;AFF(B(@-!3(!;=!*4JA;2-,A@!J(*-(!.:ABB(!(@!H@3(1&!
!
V=@8!;(!3AB=,@(!3(!/Q,-.2*47,%&I!M=!«"décision"sur"la"réforme"du"système"économique"»"F*,8(!
F=*!;(!>AB,-4!:(@-*=;!32!'>>!(@!A:-A5*(!"/oK!=!82*-A2-!:A@:(*@4!;D=FF;,:=-,A@!32!8)8-9B(!3(!
*(8FA@8=5,;,-4!3=@8!;(8!T*=@3(8!(@-*(F*,8(8!3DO-=-!I!
c '(2! C! F(2! ;(8! (@-*(F*,8(8! 8A@-! ,@:,-4(8! C! F;28! 3D=2-A@AB,(! 3(! T(8-,A@<! C! +=,*(! 3(8!
F*A+,-8<!C!8DA2J*,*! =2^! :=F,-=2^! (-! =2^! -(:?@A;AT,(8! 4-*=@T(*8!G! (;;(8! 8A@-! 348A*B=,8!
*(8FA@8=5;(8!3(!;(2*8!F(*-(8!I!
c O;;(8! *(:*2-(@-! 3,*(:-(B(@-! ;(! F(*8A@@(;! C! L2,! (;;(8! F(2J(@-! J(*8(*! 3(8! F*,B(8! 3(!
F*A32:-,J,-4<!B=,8!-A2-!;,:(@:,(B(@-!(8-!F*=-,L2(B(@-!,@-(*3,-!G!
Commentaire: G9**,%7&1?&8;'&
1 / 8 100%
La catégorie de ce document est-elle correcte?
Merci pour votre participation!

Faire une suggestion

Avez-vous trouvé des erreurs dans linterface ou les textes ? Ou savez-vous comment améliorer linterface utilisateur de StudyLib ? Nhésitez pas à envoyer vos suggestions. Cest très important pour nous !