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Abstract
This thesis presents a study about the place of hermeneutics in the work of Emmanuel Levinas.
At first glance, the writings of the philosopher seem quite ambiguous concerning the value that
ought to be given to hermeneutics. In his strictly philosophical works, Levinas presents a severe
critique of understanding (compréhension) which he views as a totalising approach of meaning.
Against the reduction of meaning to understanding, Levinas will defend the idea that the
structure of meaning is primarily ethical, the relationship to the other being the privileged site
where the world, the self, as well as the idea of God first become meaningful. Nonetheless, in
the other part of the levinassian corpus, that of his Talmudic Readings, Levinas develops an
hermeneutics of his own using the ethical categories of his major philosophical works and
applying them to his exegetical activity. We are then faced with this paradox, inherent to the
work of Levinas, of a philosophy which is largely developed as a critique of the central category
of hermeneutics (i.e. comprehension) but which can nonetheless also present itself as a theory of
interpretation (i.e. hermeneutics) in a significant portion of Levinas’ writings.
Resolving this apparent paradox will require that we first present the philosophical project of
Levinas and the critique of hermeneutics which is consubstantial to it. Using a few central texts
of the philosopher’s work, we will try to point with precision at the ethical deficit which Levinas
sees in hermeneutics and to identify the possibilities of meaning that, according to Levinas, are
left behind when the primacy is conferred to comprehension. We will then see what leads
Levinas to suggest that the face (visage) of the other bears a meaning that constitutes an
exception to the hermeneutical structure of meaning which philosophy supposes explicitly at
least since Heidegger.
In a second step, we will present the reasons that justify Levinas’ use, in his Talmudic Readings,
of the ‘concepts’ born out of his critique of comprehension in order better to grasp the unity of
his work. The study of the relationship between ethics and hermeneutics, between the text and
the face, will lead us to identify the guiding principle of what might be called ‘‘levinassian
hermeneutics’’ and to articulate how it relates to the ethics of the face.
Finally, we will attempt to assert the relevance of the ‘‘philosophical hermeneutics’’ of Levinas
by presenting the ways through which it can account for two fundamental phenomena related to
interpretation, namely the mode through which the subject enters into relation with a text and
the individuation of the subject taking part in this relation.