Document PDF [71 Ko] - Association URBI : Université et Recherche

1
LA CHINE POPULAIRE AUJOURDHUI,
RETOUR AU SAINT- SIMONISME ?
Par
Jean Sagnes*
!
"#!$%!&'()*+,-%,#)*!&.!-/$0!&0!1$.+!0*!1$.+!#(1)-,%*,!2).'!1%-!$%!
34#*0!&%*+!$0!()*&0!*50+,!1$.+!6!7%#-08!#$!*50+,!10.,9:,-0!1%+!+%*+!#*,'-:,!
&0! ,0*,0-! .*0! 0;1$#<%,#)*! &0! $5'=)$.,#)*! &0! <0! 1%>+!0*! (%,#?-0!
'<)*)(#@.0! %.! <).-+! &0! <0+! &0-*#?-0+! %**'0+8! '=)$.,#)*! @.#! <)*,#*.0!
&5#*,-#A.0-! (%#*,! )B+0-=%,0.-C! D*! 0770,8! $%! 34#*0! <)((.*#+,08! @.#!
#*<%-*%#,!#$!*5>!%!1%+!+#!$)*A,0(1+!.*!(%-;#+(0!1.-!0,!&.-8!0+,!&0=0*.0!
0*! @[email protected]+! %**'0+! .*! 1%>+! )E!$5'<)*)(#0! &0! (%-<4'!<)**%F,! .*!
&'=0$)110(0*,! #(1',.0.;C! G*! =)#,! A'*'-%$0(0*,! &%*+! <0,,0! '=)$.,#)*!
+)#,!.*!+#(1$0!)11)-,.*#+(08!+)#,!$%!(%*#70+,%,#)*!&.!*%,#)*%$#+(08!+)#,!
0*<)-0!$%!<)*2)*<,#)*!&0!<0+!&0.;!14'*)(?*0+C!"%*+!0;<$.-0!$%!-'%$#,'!&0!
<0+!(),#=%,#)*+8!#$!0+,!10.,9:,-0!#*,'-0++%*,!&0!+#,.0-!<0,,0!'=)$.,#)*!&%*+!
$54#+,)#-0!&.!+)<#%$#+(0!&)*,!+0!-'<$%(0*,!$0+!&#-#A0%*,+!<4#*)#+C!
!
D*!,%*,!@.0!+)<#%$#+(08!$0!<)((.*#+(0!(%-;#+,0!%!1).-!1)#*,!&0!
&'1%-,! $%! -0<)**%#++%*<0! &%*+! $0+! +)<#','+! <)*,0(1)-%#*0+! &5.*0!
0;<01,#)*!).=-#?-08!<)*+'@.0*<0!&0!$%!-'=)$.,#)*!#*&.+,-#0$$0C!H0+!1%-,#+!
+0! -'<$%(%*,! &.! (%-;#+(0! %&)1,0*,! %$)-+! &0+! &'*)(#*%,#)*+! I1%-,#!
).=-#0-8!1%-,#!+)<#%$#+,08!1%-,#!<)((.*#+,08!1%-,#!&.!,-%=%#$J!1-)<$%(%*,!
B#0*! 4%.,! $0.-! 1-')<<.1%,#)*! 1-0(#?-0! 6! +%=)#-! $5%('$#)-%,#)*! &0! $%!
K!<$%++0!).=-#?-0!LC!M).-!N%-;8!$%!$#B'-%,#)*!&.!1-)$',%-#%,!*0!10.,!=0*#-!
@.0!&0!$.#9(:(08!1%-!+)*!)-A%*#+%,#)*8!1%-!$%!1-#+0!&.!1).=)#-8!1%-!$%!
+)<#%$#+%,#)*!&0+!()>0*+!&0!1-)&.<,#)*!0,!$%!&0+,-.<,#)*!&.!<%1#,%$#+(0C!
30!1-)A-%((08!$%!-'=)$.,#)*!<4#*)#+0!0*,-01-0*&!&0!$5%11$#@.0-!6!1%-,#-!
&0! OPQP! *)*! +%*+! +.<<?+! %.++#! B#0*! &%*+! $0! &)(%#*0! '<)*)(#@.0!
I*%#++%*<0! &5.*0! #*&.+,-#0! $).-&08! (#+0! 0*! =%$0.-! &0+! -#<40++0+!
*%,.-0$$0+J! @.0! &%*+! $0! &)(%#*0! +)<#%$! I'$'=%,#)*! &.! *#=0%.! <.$,.-0$8!
'(%*<#1%,#)*!&0!$%!70((08!%('$#)-%,#)*!&0!$%!+%*,'!1.B$#@.0J!<0-,0+!%.!
1-#;!&0!B#0*!&0!$#(#,%,#)*+!&0+!$#B0-,'+!&'()<-%,#@.0+C!
!

2
N%#+! $0! +>+,?(0! ()*,-0! B#0*,/,! +0+! $#(#,0+! I+,%A*%,#)*! &0! $%!
1-)&.<,#)*8!&#77#<.$,'!=)#-0!#*<%1%<#,'!6!0*,-0-!&%*+!$%!()&0-*#,'8!-0,%-&!
+)<#%$!10-+#+,%*,!*),%((0*,!&%*+!$0+!<%(1%A*0+JC!H0+!&#-#A0%*,+!<4#*)#+8!
1$.+!1%-,#<.$#?-0(0*,! N%)!RS'! R)*A8!-'%A#++0*,! %$)-+! 1%-! .*! -0<).-+!
+>+,'(%,#@.0!6!.*!=)$)*,%-#+(0!,).2).-+!1$.+!1).++'!6!,-%=0-+!$0!T-%*&!
B)*&! 0*! %=%*,! 1.#+!1%-!$%! U'=)$.,#)*! <.$,.-0$$0! %=0<! $0+! #((0*+0+!
&'AV,+!4.(%#*+!@.0!$5)*!+%#,!+%*+!1).-!%.,%*,!@.0!$0!1%>+!+0!()&0-*#+0!
0,!@.0!+)#0*,!-'A$'+!$0+!1-)B$?(0+!+)<#%.;C![email protected]+!&'<0**#0+!%1-?+8!$0+!
+)=#',#@.0+! ,0*,0*,! 0.;! %.++#8! %=0<! T)-B%,<40=8! &0! +%.=0-! $0! (:(0!
+>+,?(0!&0!$%!+<$'-)+0!1%-!.*0!$#B'-%$#+%,#)*!1)$#,#@.0!@.#!*0!-'.++#,!@.56!
&'B).<40-!+.-!$5#(1$)+#)*!&0!$5XU""!0,!&0+!1%>+!&0!$5D.-)10!)-#0*,%$0C!
!
350+,!6!1%-,#-!&0!<0! &).B$0!'<40<! @.0!$0+! &#-#A0%*,+!<)((.*#+,0+!
<4#*)#+! +50*A%A0*,! &%*+! .*0! ,-)#+#?(0! =)#0!Y! <0$$0! &0! $5.,#$#+%,#)*! &0!
$5'<)*)(#0! &0! (%-<4'! %.! 1-)7#,! &.! +)<#%$#+(0C! Z)#0! 1%-%&);%$08! =)#0!
<)*,-0!*%,.-0!1).-!$0+!,0*%*,+!&.!+)<#%$#+(0![!30!*50+,!1%+!+#!+\-!0,!)*!
*5%!1%+!).B$#'!$0+!%**'0+!&0!$%!]).=0$$0!1)$#,#@.0!'<)*)(#@.0!I]DMJ!&0!
$%!U.++#0! +)=#',#@.0C! ^).,07)#+8! $%! &.-'0! &0! $50;1'-#0*<0! &%*+! <0! 1%>+!
%=%#,!','!$#(#,'0C!D*!34#*08!$0+!<4)+0+!1-0**0*,!.*0!,).,0!%.,-0!%(1$0.-8!
(:(0!+#!10-+)**0!*0!10.,!1-'2.A0-!&0!$0.-!&.-'08!0,!<0$%!*).+!-%(?*0!6!
$%!1-0(#?-0!()#,#'!&.!_`_0!+#?<$0!$)[email protected]!$5.,#$#+%,#)*!&0!$5'<)*)(#0!&0!
(%-<4'!%.!1-)7#,!&.!+)<#%$#+(0!',%#,!%.!<a.-!&.!+%#*,9+#()*#+(0C!D*!<0!
+0*+8!$%!1)$#,#@.0!<4#*)#+0!%<,.0$$0!10.,!:,-0!#*,0-1-','0!%.++#!<)((0!.*!
-0,).-!6!"%#*,9"#()*C!350+,!0*!0770,!"%#*,9"#()*!@.#8!%1-?+!U)B0-,!Gb0*8!
#*=0*,08!%.,).-!&0!Ocde8!<0,,0!0;<01,#)*!).=-#?-0!@.#!<)*+,#,.0!$0!<a.-!&0!
,).,!+)<#%$#+(0C!D,-0!+)<#%$#+,0!&01.#+!"%#*,9"#()*!<50+,!=).$)#-!%('$#)-0-!
$0! +)-,! &0! $%! K!<$%++0! @.#! *5%! 1%+! &5%.,-0+! ()>0*+! &50;#+,0*<0! @.0! $0!
,-%=%#$!&0!+0+!B-%+!L!<50+,969&#-0!$0+!).=-#0-+C!
!
G-! "%#*,9"#()*! *5%,,0*&! 1%+! $5%('$#)-%,#)*! &0! $%! +#,.%,#)*! &0+!
).=-#0-+!&0!$0.-!)-A%*#+%,#)*!0,!0*<)-0!()#*+!&0!$%!-'=)$.,#)*!).!&0!$%!
<)$$0<,#=#+%,#)*C! `$! $5%,,0*&! &.! &'=0$)110(0*,! &0! $5!K!#*&.+,-#0!L8! (),!
0(1$)>'!%.!+0*+!A'*'-#@.0!&0!K!()>0*+!&0!1-)&.<,#)*!L!<%-8!!1).-!$.#8!
$5)11)+#,#)*!1-#*<#1%$0!&%*+!$%!+)<#','8!*50+,!1%+!6!$5#*,'-#0.-!&.!!A-).10!
@.5#$! &'+#A*0! +).+! $0! ,0-(0! &5! K!#*&.+,-#0$+!L! I).=-#0-+! 0,! <407+!
&50*,-01-#+0J!(%#+!0*,-0!$0+!K!7-0$)*+!L!I)#+#7+8!1%-%+#,0+J!0,!$0+!K!%B0#$$0+!L!
IK!#*&.+,-#0$+!LJC! ! D*! &5%.,-0+! ,0-(0+8! "%#*,9"#()*! 0*,0*&! (0,,-0!

3
$5'<)*)(#0! &0! (%-<4'! %.! +0-=#<0! &.! +)<#%$#+(0!<%-!&0!$5%B)*&%*<0! &0+!
B#0*+! +)-,#-%! $5%('$#)-%,#)*! &0! $%! +#,.%,#)*! (%,'-#0$$0! &.! 1$.+! A-%*&!
*)(B-0!*),%((0*,!&0+!).=-#0-+C!D,!<50+,!B#0*!%#*+#!@.0!$50*,0*&-)*,!$%!
1$.1%-,! &0! +0+! &#+<#1$0+! ).! &0! +0+! <)*,#*.%,0.-+! <)((0! N#<40$!
340=%$#0-8! D*7%*,#*! ).! 0*<)-0! ]%1)$')*! ```8! ,%*&#+! @.0!f.<40S! 0,! +0+!
%(#+!&0!L’Atelier!1-/*0-)*,!.*0!%.,-0!=)#08!<0$$0!&0!$5%++)<#%,#)*!).=-#?-0C!
!
g! =-%#! &#-08! B#0*! &0+! +)<#%$#+,0+! %.,-0+! @.0! +%#*,9+#()*#0*+! *5)*,!
1%+! ','! #*+0*+#B$0+! %.;! =0-,.+!&0! $5'<)*)(#0! &0! (%-<4'! @.#! +)*,!
#(1$#<#,0(0*,!-0<)**.0+!%.2).-&54.#!&%*+!$0+!K!B%,%#$$0+!1).-!$50(1$)#!L!
(0*'0+!&%*+!$0+! 1%>+! &5'<)*)(#0!$#B'-%$0!1%-! &0+! %&=0-+%#-0+!&'<$%-'+!
&0!<0$$09<#C! 350+,!<0,,0! =)#0! &0! $5.,#$#+%,#)*!&0!$5'<)*)(#0!&0!(%-<4'!%.!
+0-=#<0!&.!+)<#%$#+(08!=)#0!+%#*,9+#()*#0**0!1%-!0;<0$$0*<08!@.5)*,!<4)#+#!
$0+! &#-#A0%*,+! <4#*)#+! 0*! 7%=)-#+%*,! $0! &'=0$)110(0*,! &.! +0<,0.-! 1-#='!
&%*+!&0+!<)*&#,#)*+!%B+)$.(0*,!#*'&#,0+!&01.#+!$%!-'=)$.,#)*!&0!OPQPC!
!
!R0!1$.+8!$%!34#*0!+5).=-0!6!*).=0%.!%.!()*&0!0,!0*!1%-,#<.$#0-!6!
$%! h-%*<0C! R'268! &%*+! $0+! %**'0+! OPde8! &0! *)(B-0.;! ',.&#%*,+9).=-#0-+!
<4#*)#+! ',%#0*,! =0*.+! 0*! h-%*<0! +0! (0,,-0! 6! $!i'<)$0! &0! $%! ()&0-*#,'C!
30-,%#*+8! <)((0! 34).! D*!H%#8! R0*A! ^+%)! M#*A! ).! 0*<)-0! 340*! j#!>!
%=%#0*,! -0*<)*,-'! $0! (%-;#+(0C! k.2).-&54.#8! &0+! (#$$#0-+!&5',.&#%*,+!
<4#*)#+!=#0**0*,!6!*).=0%.!0*!h-%*<0!0,!&%*+!&5%.,-0+!1%>+!)<<#&0*,%.;!
(%#+!<0,,0!7)#+!#$+!*0!,-%=%#$$0*,!1%+!0*!.+#*08!7-'@.0*,0*,!$0+!<%(1.+!&0+!
.*#=0-+#,'+!0,!=#0**0*,!&5.*!1%>+!)E!$0!(%-;#+(0!0+,!,).2).-+8!%.!()#*+!
)77#<#0$$0(0*,8!$5#&')$)A#0! )77#<#0$$0C! `$! +5%A#,! 1).-! 0.;! &5'$%-A#-! $0.-+!
<)**%#++%*<0+8! &0! +5#*#,#0-! %.;! $%*A.0+8! +<#0*<0+! 0,! ,0<4*#@.0+! &0!
$5G<<#&0*,!0,!0*+.#,0!&0!-0=0*#-!0*!34#*0C!R0!1$.+8!$0+!<)*,-%,+!7-.<,.0.;!
+#A*'+! %=0<! $0+! 1$.+! ()&0-*0+! &0+! +)<#','+! )<<#&0*,%$0+! )*,! 1).-!
<)-)$$%#-0!.*!,-%*+70-,!&0!,0<4*)$)A#0!@.#!7%#,!1-)A-0++0-!$0!1%>+!&%*+!$0+!
&)(%#*0+!$0+!1$.+!&#=0-+C!!
!
N%$A-'! $5%11%-#,#)*! &0! 14'*)(?*0+! *'A%,#7+! *),%((0*,!&%*+! $0+!
<%(1%A*0+8! @.#! *0! +)*,! 1%+! +%*+! -%110$0-! $0! &'=0$)110(0*,!&.!
1%.1'-#+(0! &%*+! $0+! 1%>+! &5D.-)10! )<<#&0*,%$0! 0*! 1$0#*0! -'=)$.,#)*!
#*&.+,-#0$$0! &.-%*,! $%! 1-0(#?-0! ()#,#'! &.! _`_0! +#?<$08! 0,! 0*! 7%#+%*,!
%B+,-%<,#)*!&0+!<)*+'@.0*<0+!0*<)-0!$%-A0(0*,!#(1-'=#+#B$0+!&0!$%!<-#+0!
'<)*)(#@.0! ()*&#%$08! <0,,0! (',4)&0! %! &'26! &)**'! &0+! -'+.$,%,+!

4
+10<,%<.$%#-0+!Y! $%! ! <-)#++%*<0! 0+,! %.! -0*&0S9=).+8! $0! *#=0%.! &0! =#0!
%.A(0*,08!$0+!=#$$0+!+0!,-%*+7)-(0*,8!$0!<)(1)-,0(0*,!&0+!<#,%&#*+!0+,!&0!
1$.+! 0*! 1$.+! +0(B$%B$0! 6! <0$.#! &0+! <#,%&#*+! &0+! A-%*&0+! =#$$0+!
)<<#&0*,%$0+C!M).-! -01-0*&-0! $0+! (),+! &5k$%#*!M0>-07#,,08!$%! 34#*0! +50+,!
'=0#$$'0C!!
!
l! m0%*! "%A*0+! 0+,! 1-)70++0.-! &54#+,)#-0! '('-#,0! 6! $5.*#=0-+#,'! &0! M0-1#A*%*! Z#%!
R)(#,#%C!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Texte!inédit!I])=0(B-0!deOQJ!!
!