En ce qui concerne le traitement d’entretien pour le TB-II,
la quétiapine a été ajoutée aux options existantes de première
ligne, i.e. le lithium et la lamotrigine. La quétiapine et la lamo-
trigine en traitement d’appoint sont les nouveaux éléments
dans le traitement de deuxième ligne, rejoignant le divalproex,
la combinaison lithium ou divalproex ou un antipsychotique
atypique + un antidépresseur et la combinaison de 2 des
médicaments suivants : lithium, divalproex ou un antipsycho-
tique atypique. La fluoxétine est la dernière option de troisième
ligne avec la carbamazépine, l’oxcarbazépine, les antipsycho-
tiques atypiques et le TEC.
Conclusion
La mise à jour 2013 des lignes directrices élaborées par le
CANMAT met à nouveau en lumière les approches diagnos-
tiques et thérapeutiques adoptées à l’égard de l’important prob-
lème de santé à l’échelle mondiale que posent les TB et fournit
de nouvelles options thérapeutiques efficaces pour les diverses
composantes et les divers tableaux cliniques des TB. Les
thérapies doivent être adaptées à chaque patient, idéalement
avec des composantes pharmacologiques et psychothérapeu-
tiques et une évaluation complète régulière du patient, afin de
maximiser l’issue et l’innocuité du traitement. En raison de con-
traintes d’espace, cet article ne résume que les sections sur les
fondements de la prise en charge et sur le traitement de chaque
phase du TB. La mise à jour complète 2013 des lignes directrices
incluent des sections additionnelles précieuses sur les popula-
tions spéciales comme les femmes, les enfants et les personnes
âgées, sur le trouble bipolaire II et sur la surveillance
métabolique. L’article complet ainsi que les versions antérieures
des lignes directrices peuvent être téléchargés à partir du site
Web du CANMAT à l’adresse www.canmat.org.
Le DrParikh est professeur de psychiatrie à l’Université de
Toronto et psychiatre en chef adjoint au sein du Réseau univer-
sitaire de santé, Toronto, Ontario. Le DrGoldstein est professeur
adjoint de psychiatrie et de pharmacologie à l’Université de
Toronto et professeur adjoint associé de psychiatrie à l’Université
de Pittsburgh. Il est directeur du Centre for Youth Bipolar
Disorder au Centre des sciences de la santé Sunnybrook et
chercheur au Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario.
Références :
11. Merikangas KR, Akiskal HS, Angst J, et coll. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence
of bipolar spectrum disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64(5):543-552.
12. Hirschfeld RM, Calabrese JR, Weissman MM, et coll. Screening for bipolar
disorder in the community. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(1):53-59.
13. Merikangas KR, Jin R, He JP et coll. Prevalence and correlates of bipolar
spectrum disorder in the world mental health survey initiative. Arch Gen
Psychiatry. 2011;68(3):241-251.
14. Schaffer A, Cairney J, Cheung A, Veldhuizen S, Levitt A. Community survey of
bipolar disorder in Canada: lifetime prevalence and illness characteristics.
Can J Psychiatry. 2006;51(1):9-16.
15. Bulloch AG, Currie S, Guyn L, Williams JV, Lavorato DH, Patten SB. Estimates
of the treated prevalence of bipolar disorders by mental health services in the
general population: comparison of results from administrative and health
survey data. Chronic Dis Inj Can. 2011; 31(3):129-134.
16. Perlis RH, Miyahara S, Marangell LB, et coll; STEP-BD Investigators. Long-
term implications of early onset in bipolar disorder: data from the first 1000
participants in the systematic treatment enhancement program for bipolar
disorder (STEP-BD). Biol Psychiatry. 2004;55(9): 875-881.
17. Kroon JS, Wohlfarth TD, Dieleman J, et coll. Incidence rates and risk factors of
bipolar disorder in the general population: a population-based cohort study.
Bipolar Disord. 2013;15(3):306-313.
18. Chengappa KN, Kupfer DJ, Frank E, et coll. Relationship of birth cohort and
early age at onset of illness in a bipolar disorder case registry. Am J Psychiatry.
2003;160(9): 1636-1642.
19. McIntyre RS, Rosenbluth M, Ramasubbu R, et coll; Canadian Network for
Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Task Force. Managing medical and
psychiatric comorbidity in individuals with major depressive disorder and
bipolar disorder. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2012; 24(2):163-169.
10. Ramasubbu R, Beaulieu S, Taylor VH, Schaffer A, McIntyre RS; CANMAT Task
Force. The CANMAT task force recommendations for the management of
patients with mood disorders and comorbid medical conditions: diagnostic,
assessment, and treatment principles. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2012;24(1):82-90.
11. McIntyre RS, Alsuwaidan M, Goldstein BI, et coll; CANMAT Task Force. The
Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) task force
recommendations for the management of patients with mood disorders and
comorbid metabolic disorders. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2012;24(1): 69-81.
12. Schaffer A, McIntosh D, Goldstein BI, et coll; CANMAT Task Force. The CAN-
MAT task force recommendations for the management of patients with mood
disorders and comorbid anxiety disorders. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2012;24(1):
6-22.
13. Reed C, Goetz I, Vieta E, Bassi M, Haro JM; EMBLEM Advisory Board. Work
impairment in bipolar disorder patients–results from a two-year observational
study (EMBLEM). Eur Psychiatry. 2010;25(6):338-344.
14. McIntyre RS. Understanding needs, interactions, treatment, and expectations
among individuals affected by bipolar disorder or schizophrenia: the UNITE
global survey. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70(Suppl. 3):5-11.
15. Nilsson KK, Jørgensen CR, Craig TKJ, Straarup KN, Licht RW. Self-esteem in
remitted bipolar disorder patients: a meta-analysis. Bipolar Disord. 2010;12(6):
585-592.
16. Novick DM, Swartz HA, Frank E. Suicide attempts in bipolar I and bipolar II
disorder: a review and meta-analysis of the evidence. Bipolar Disord. 2010;
12(1):1-9.
17. Clements C, Morriss R, Jones S, Peters S, Roberts C, Kapur N. Suicide in bi-
polar disorder in a national English sample, 1996-2009: frequency, trends and
characteristics. Psychol Med. 2013 19 mars:1-10. [Publication électronique
avant impression]
18. Goldstein TR, Ha W, Axelson DA, et coll. Predictors of prospectively examined
suicide attempts among youth with bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry.
2012;69(11):1113-1122.
19. Marangell LB, Bauer MS, Dennehy EB, et coll. Prospective predictors of
suicide and suicide attempts in 1,556 patients with bipolar disorders followed
for up to 2 years. Bipolar Disord. 2006;8(5 pt 2):566-575.
20. Valtonen HM, Suominen K, Mantere O, Leppämäki S, Arvilommi P, Isometsä
ET. Prospective study of risk factors for attempted suicide among patients with
bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2006;8(5 Pt 2):576-585.
21. Yatham LN, Kennedy SH, Parikh SV, et coll. Canadian Network for Mood and
Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar
Disorders (ISBD) collaborative update of CANMAT guidelines for the
management of patients with bipolar disorder: update 2013. Bipolar Disord.
2013;15(1):1-44.
22. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, 5eédition. Arlington (VA): American Psychiatric Association Press;
2013.
23. Ghaemi SN, Bauer M, Cassidy F, et coll; ISBD Diagnostic Guidelines Task
Force. Diagnostic guidelines for bipolar disorder: a summary of the
International Society for Bipolar Disorders Diagnostic Guidelines Task Force
Report. Bipolar Disord. 2008;10(1 Pt 2):117-128.
24. National Institute of Mental Health. Bipolar Disorder. Bethesda (MD):
National Institutes of Health; révisé 2008. NIH Publication 08-3679.
Disponible à : http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disor-
der/complete-index.shtml. Date de consultation : 24 avril 2013.
25. Meyer F, Meyer TD. The misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder as a psychotic
disorder: some of its causes and their influence on therapy. J Affect Disord.
2009;112(1-3):174-183.
26. Wolkenstein L, Bruchmüller K, Schmid P, Meyer TD. Misdiagnosing bipolar dis-
order—do clinicians show heuristic biases? J Affect Disord. 2011;130(3): 405-412.
27. Bruchmüller K, Meyer TD. Diagnostically irrelevant information can affect the
likelihood of a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2009; 116(1-2):
148-151.
28. Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Gibbon M, First MB. The Structured Clinical
Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). I: History, rationale, and description. Arch
Gen Psychiatry. 1992; 49(8):624-629.
29. Endicott J, Spitzer RL. A diagnostic interview: the schedule for affective disor-
ders and schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1978;35(7):837-844.
30. Mallon JC, Klein DN, Bornstein RF, Slater JF. Discriminant validity of the General
Behavior Inventory: An outpatient study. J Pers Assess. 1986;50(4):568-577.
31. Hirschfeld RMA, Williams JBW, Spitzer RL, et coll. Development and valida-
tion of a screening instrument for bipolar spectrum disorder: The Mood
Disorder Questionnaire. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157(11):1873-1875.
32. Sherwood Brown E, Suppes T, Adinoff B, Rajan Thomas N. Drug abuse and
bipolar disorder: comorbidity or misdiagnosis? J Affect Disord. 2001;65(2):105-
115.
33. Zimmerman M, Ruggero CJ, Chelminski I, Young D. Is bipolar disorder over-
diagnosed? J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(6):935-940.
34. Goldberg JF, Garno JL, Callahan AM, Kearns DL, Kerner B, Ackerman SH.
Overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder among substance use disorder inpatients
with mood instability. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(11):1751-1757.
35. Cipriani A, Barbui C, Salanti G et coll. Comparative efficacy and acceptability
of antimanic drugs in acute mania: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis.
Lancet. 2011; 378(9799):1306-1315.
36. Correll CU, Sheridan EM, DelBello MP. Antipsychotic and mood stabilizer effi-
cacy and tolerability in pediatric and adult patients with bipolar I mania: a
comparative analysis of acute, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Bipolar
Disord. 2010;12(2): 116-141.
Les troubles de
l’humeur et de l’anxiété
Conférences scientifiques