3
Thepiagetianprojectofanexplicativelinecapableofunifyingunderoneonlyregardtheinfantile
phenomenonofthefirstseizingofthephysical/arithmeticalquantity(Piaget1941ab),andthefinalappearing
ofboththe«reversibleoperationsofintellectualorder»andtheirorganizationasthemethodofscience
(Piaget,1979/1993)isbasedsincethebeginningonthedoublenotionofalogicandofaworldrepresentation
ininfants(Piaget,1923/’24/26)thatisininfantsconceivedasautonomousrepresentationalwholes.
Cognitivedevelopmentpsychologistshavebeendevelopingmanyworksonthisresearchlinesince
theeightiesby,andbyaffordingtheanti‐piagetianexperimentalproofthata4/10‐month‐oldinfantseizesand
“preserves”thenumberandthephysicalquantityaswellastheobjectualsubstances,theywerealsoableto
showtheexistenceinhismindofanideaoftheworld,oraninfant’smetaphysics(Spelke&Kestenbaum1986,
Xu&Carey1996),presentandeffectivelongbeforetheinstallationofpractical,sensory‐motorandlinguistic
skillsfortheelaborationofhisenvironment.
Thisarticleinheritsthisstateoftheartaswellasthegeneralprojectofagenetictheorycapableof
linkingtogetherallthestagesofthecognitivedevelopment,intheideathatinordertoattainaunifiedhuman
evolutiontheoryitisnecessarytostartfromitstop–theappearenceofthemathematical/experimental
evidence–andthengobacktotheverybeginningoftheinfant’slife.
[§1.1‐§1.3]Myfirstconcernisthereforetocarefullydistillatetheadquemofthisprocess:the
scientificevidence,inwhatmakesitabsolutelyirreducibleanddiscontinuouswithrespecttothesimpleseizeof
thenumerosity/quantityofanobservedreality.Tothispurpose,Iconcentrateonitsmodalaspect–
structurallyrestrainedtothepolaralternativenecessary/impossible–andonthepurelyrepresentational
naturethatconsequentlyitmustpossess,ratherthanonitsexactitude.Thesimpleexistenceofsignificant‐yet‐
impossiblephenomena1+1=1(apriorierror),20=1(apriorienigma)andmi
Δ
vi=‐mj
Δ
vj(transmissionof
movementinastateofrest:experimentalenigma)obligesustorecognizethatscienceonlydealswith
representation,becauseagivenrealitycan’tbeimpossible,whileagivensigncansignaltheimpossible‐in‐its‐
representation.[§1.2]Now,sincetorepresenttheimpossibledoesn’tmeantorealizeit,the
instantaneity/simultaneityofapriorimentaloperations(wedon’tgeteven‐for‐an‐instantastonishedbeforethe
“unexpected”mathematicalerror1+1=1)mustbeonthecontraryphysicallypossible.ThisiswhatIcallthe
“Piaget’sproblem”regardingthe«reversibletransformationsofintellectualorder»andthethermodynamic
challengethattheyrepresentforthecognitionneuroscientist.Iacceptthischallenge,andIproposeasolution
intermsofaDynamicsoftheRepresentation,onthehistoricaldirectrixGalileo‐Kant‐Wittengstein.
[§2]Afterhavingestablishedthisphenomenalbasis,Icomebacktothe«initialconceptions»ofthe
infant,andIstatethatwecan’tattributetohimjustaphysicalboundedobjectmetaphysics–undeniably
presentandeffective–becauseifthisweretheultimatebasisofanyfurtherdevelopment,wewouldn’tbe
abletogivereasonfortheappearanceofmathematicalevidenceatschool,norfortheonto‐phylogeneticbirth
ofthemathematical/experimentalmethod.Infact,sinceeveryoneofthesestagesisbornfroma
representation[ofthe]impossible,theirsuccessiveadventrequiresthepropulsivepresenceofalogicalpower
thattranscends(Carey2002)thepossibilitiesofferedbyastatically«objectfocused»metaphysics.
[3]Experimentaldataconfirmthisidea.Inordertoexplaintheastonishmentoftheinfantbefore
whatheisperceivingbehindthescreenoftheocclusionevents,wemustnecessarilyattributetohimnotonlya
metaphysics,butthepower–theprolegomena(Kant1783)–ofacriticalphilosophythatwillmark,intheman
attentiveandsilentinfrontofphenomena,theagesoftheRepresentation.