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In this thesis, vertically aligned multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were
synthesized by using an optimized plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD)
process. The synthesized MWCNTs were integrated into Field Electron Emission (FEE) and their
FEE properties systematically investigated as a function of the MWCNTs morphological
properties.
The first part of this work focused on setting up a PECVD reactor for the synthesis of
MWCNTs with the aim to identify the optimal growth parameters needed to align them vertically
onto silicon substrate. To this end, we have studied the effect of various PECVD growth
parameters, including the amount of the catalyst to be used, the substrate temperature, the gas
pressure in the PECVD reactor and the RF plasma power density. In particular, the variation of
the synthesis temperature was found to be effective in controlling the length of the MWCNTs. The
obtained MWCNTs were systematically characterized using scanning electron microscopy,
transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy techniques.
The PECVD grown MWCNTs were systematically integrated into field electron emission
(FEE) devices and their FEE properties studied as a function of the MWCNTs morphological
and/or hierarchical characteristics. These FEE measurements were carried out on a system
especially built for this purpose in our laboratory. It was then possible to assess the effect of the
MWCNTs length on the FEE properties of our MWCNTs based devices and establish a reference
measurement. Thereafter, two original approaches were developed in order to enhance the FEE
properties of the MWCNTs. The first one consisted in changing the morphology of the underlying
substrate by using chemical treatment to form micropyramids with controlled dimensions onto the
Si surface. The growth of MWCNTs on those micro-pyramidized substrates allowed us to obtain
a hierarchical structure which was shown to impact significantly the FEE properties of the
MWCNTs. The second approach consisted of Au nanoparticles decoration of the MWCNTs by
means of a pulsed laser deposition process. By varying the number of laser pulses, nanoparticles
with different sizes ranging from 2 to 4.5 nm were deposited on the MWCNTs, leading to another
sort of hierarchical nanostructures. The effect of the Au-NPs size on the FEE properties of the
MWCNTs was studied.
Both hierarchical approaches developed in the course of this work were shown to enhance
greatly the FEE properties of our PECVD-grown MWCNTs emitters. Indeed, the field needed to
extract electron from our sample was reduced to values as low as 1.4 V/µm, while significantly
increasing the current density to values as high as 3.5 mA/cm2 at an applied electrical field of only
3 V/µm.