Present perfect simple et continu
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Present perfect ( révision facile) Le present perfect simple se forme avec l'auxiliaire -have- conjugué au présent + le participe passé du verbe. ex: I have learnt my lesson. Quand l'employer? Pour une chose qui vient de se produire . Laurent has just slamed the door. Quelque chose qu'on n' a jamais fait. I have never been to London. Pour dire: c''est la première. seconde ... fois It's the third time I have told him. Pour quelque chose qui est fait ou vécu depuis un certain temps. I have known Lucile for 3 years. Avec les superlatifs. Laurent is the best teacher I have ever known. Relier le passé et le présent. Bridg's crying. She has read Lucile's corrections. les marqueurs de temps utilisés avec le present perfect sont: Just Why are you so nasty? Marc has just left. Already Come in and eat with us. No, I have already had lunch. Ever / Never Have you ever met him? Yet Could you show me your exercise? No I haven't made it yet. For I haven't seen him for two months. Since I have known this website since 2003. So far It hasn't rained much so far. Le present perfect en -be+ing- avec l'auxiliaire -be- conjugué au present perfect + le verbe en -ing-. ex: How long have you been waiting for me? Quand l'employer? Il est utilisé pour mettre en valeur l'activité ou la situation. Comparez: It has rained. Il a plu. Ici, on relève simplement le fait que le temps est humide. It has been raining for 2 days. Ca fait 2 jours qu'il pleut Ici, l'accent est mis sur le fait qu'il pleuve (et que ça nous empêche de faire ce qu'on avait prévu.) EXERCICE :Faites le bon choix. 1) Peter __________________ for seven years. .............................................................................................. hasn't been smoking hasn't smoked hasn't smoke 2) It's the first time __________________ my boss. ....................................................................................... I have meet I have met I have been meeting 3) It's enough! your son __________________ drums for three hours! has played has been playing .............................................................................................. has been played 4) I __________________ for you for two hours! Hurry up! have been wait have waited .............................................................................................. have been waiting 5) Oh my God!! I __________________ my keys! ......................................................................................... have lost have been lost have been losting 6) Mary __________________ in Bordeaux since 2001. ............................................................................... has be living has been lived has lived 7) You seem out of breath! -Yes I __________________. ............................................................................. have been running have been run have run 8) Hep! Mattew! __________________ the match? ...................................................................................... have you seen have you been seen have you seeing 9) How long __________________ in that firm? have you being have you been has you been ........................................................................................ 10) They __________________ their parents since Christmas. haven't phoned haven't been phoning ......................................................................................... haven't been phoned REPONSES: 1. hasn't smoked 2. I have met 3. has been playing 4. have been waiting 5. have lost 6. has lived 7. have been running 8. have you seen 9. have you been 10. haven't phoned Present perfect simple et continu Pour toutes les négations, il faut contracter. ex : She is not : She isn't Questions: 1. I ______________________________ (learn) English for three years. 2. She ______________________________ (go) to Australia. 3. They ______________________________ (be) in Paris for two hours. 4. You ______________________________ (live) in Canada since 1995. 5. Where ______________________________ (you-study) your English lesson? 6. She ______________________________ (play) video games for hours. 7. Why ______________________________ (she-play) video games for hours? 8. She ______________________________ (not-work) at all. 9. She ______________________________ (not work) all the day. 10. They ______________________________ (already-live) there. REPONSES: 1) have been learning 2) has gone 3) have been 4) have been living 5) have you been studying 6) has been playing 7) has she been playing 8) hasn't worked 9) hasn't been working 10) have already lived Present perfect simple et continu I've done and I've been doing. It isn't always easy to understand the difference between these two tenses ! In general, we use the Present Perfect Simple when we are more interested in the result of the action and we use the Present Perfect Continuous when we are more interested in the action itself. How to find the right tense ! With the question HOW LONG ? We normally use the Present Perfect Continuous. With the question HOW OFTEN or HOW MANY/MUCH ? We use the Present Perfect Simple. In the following exercise, choose the most appropriate form of the present perfect .... Questions: 1. Have you ______________________________ anything I've said to you ? (Understand) 2. Sorry, I've ______________________________ my homework. (Forget) 3. How long has Jack ______________________________ English ? (Study) 4. How many new words have you ______________________________ this week ? (Learn) 5. How many times have you ______________________________ at this restaurant ? (eat) 6. You look exhausted ! What have you ______________________________ ? (Do) 7. Look at the weather ! It's ______________________________ all day ! (Rain) 8. I need a holiday ! I haven't ______________________________ one for two years. (Have) 9. I've always ______________________________ a sport car ! (Want) 10. Ooh, that woman. I've never ______________________________ her. (Like) REPONSES: 1) understood 2) forgotten 3) been studying 4) learnt 5) eaten 6) been doing 7) been raining 8) had 9) wanted 10) liked Le present perfect 'continu' He has been speaking for an hour and a half. I am bored! When will he stop? A retenir : 1- Sa formule : BE + VERBE + -ING 2- Son emploi: Décrire une action commencée dans le passé et se continuant encore dans le présent. Décrire une action commencée dans le passé et qui vient de se terminer :'I've been cleaning the garage all morning ...but now I've finished'. Lorsque l'on veut insister sur le déroulement de cette action : 'She has been sleeping for hours'. Test => utiliser le groupe verbal mis entre parenthèses pour construire une phrase affirmative sur le modèle de celles qui sont données en exemple -et soulignées- dans l'introduction: present perfect continu. NB: A la forme négative, on emploie la forme simple du present perfect sauf si l'action négative est ellemême progressive ou continue : ' Bill hasn't been feeling well for a few days' * Ne pas faire de contractions Questions: 1. Your hands are really dirty! What have you been doing? (clean my motorcycle) ______________________________ . 2. She has got flour in her hair! What has she been doing? (bake cakes) ______________________________ . 3. The dogs' ears are covered in mud! What have they been doing? (hunt all day) ______________________________ . 4. 'I feel tired out! ' - 'What have you been doing'? (look after the children) ______________________________ . 5. 'She looks so sad!'- 'what's the matter with her?' (think about upsetting things) ______________________________ . 6. They are all wet through. What have they been doing? (walk in the rain) ______________________________ . 7. What a noise ! What are they doing? (repair the road for days) ______________________________ . 8. What a noise! What's the neighbour doing? (cut the grass since he arrived) ______________________________ . REPONSES: 1) I have been cleaning my motorcycle 2) She has been baking cakes 3) They have been hunting all day 4) I have been looking after the children 5) She has been thinking about upsetting things 6) They have been walking in the rain 7) They have been repairing the road for days 8) He has been cutting the grass since he arrived Present perfect continu ou présent continu? Compléter les phrases. Questions: 1. I cannot sleep because the baby ______________________________(cry) 2. I'm getting a little worried because the baby ______________________________(cry) for over half an hour 3. It ______________________________(rain) all week 4. Where have you been?we ______________________________(wait) for you since 1.00 pm 5. A car alarm ______________________________(ring) in the street ! 6. This alarm ______________________________(drive) me crazy. 7. Marie's English ______________________________(improve), isn't it? 8. She ______________________________(sing) for two hours 9. She is ill ; she ______________________________(sleep) in her bed 10. I ______________________________(study) Spanish at university. REPONSES: 1) is crying 2) has been crying 3) has been raining 4) have been waiting 5) is ringing 6) is driving 7) is improving 8) has been singing 9) is sleeping 10) am studying Quelle question a été posée? (past simple/past continuous) =>Trouvez la question qui a été posée: elle porte sur l'élément mis entre parenthèses. Les questions doivent être complètes =>Ex: When did you see him?/ La forme utilisée est la même dans la question et dans la réponse./ Des pronoms & des adjectifs peuvent changer: we > you / I > you / my > your / ... Questions: 1. We left (at 6.00 in the morning). ______________________________ 2. The crash happened (last night). ______________________________ 3. No, not my maths. I was revising my English. ______________________________ 4. They paid (£80,000) for their flat. ______________________________ 5. I took a taxi (because I haven't got a car). ______________________________ 6. At 5 o'clock? We were (having tea), I think. ______________________________ 7. In 1980? He was living (in Rochester). ______________________________ 8. I told you (to brake)! ______________________________ 9. Aunt Alice? In 1942, she wedded (Uncle Howard). ______________________________ 10. We were running (because...er... well...er...). ______________________________ REPONSES: 1) What time did you leave? 2) When did the crash happen? 3) Were you revising your maths? 4) How much did they pay for their flat? 5) Why did you take a taxi? 6) What were you doing at 5 o'clock? 7) Where was he living in 1980? 8) What did you tell me to do? 9) Who did Aunt Alice wed in 1942? 10) Why were you running? EXPLICATIONS: 1) La question porte sur l'heure/ left>leave/ Aux.> did 2) La question porte sur un moment/ Past simple. 3) La question au Past Simple entraîne une réponse courte > No... 4) La question porte sur la somme > how much/ paid >pay 5) La question porte sur le motif > why? / took >take 6) La question porte sur l'activité faite à 5 heures > what + verbe 'do' au prétérit progressif. 7) La question porte sur le lieu > where / prétérit progressif 8) La question porte sur l'activité >what + verbe 'to do' à la fin. 9) La question porte sur l'identité de quelqu'un >who / wedded>wed (épouser) 10) La question porte sur le motif > why/ prétérit progressif. Question 9: a) Who did Aunt Alice wed? et non b) 'Who wed Aunt Alice?' a) => qui est-ce que Tante Alice a épousé? b) => qui a épousé tante Alice? Dans la phrase 9 'Uncle Howard' est le complémént d'objet (Tante Alice a épousé quelqu'un...)/ 'Who' ne peut être le sujet direct du verbe dans la question posée => la présence de l'auxiliaire 'did'. A quels temps anglais correspond le présent français? - Le présent français peut être traduit en anglais par le présent simple mais aussi par d'autres temps. - Test : choisir un temps pour la phrase proposée. Un bilan des correspondances entre le présent français et les temps anglais est donné après la correction. (test en cours. Merci) 1. Habitude : Il (va) present perfect progressif au cinéma le samedi. present perfect 2. Vérité générale : Le soleil (se lève) 3. Action en cours : 'Regarde! Elle (pleure!)' present perfect present perfect 4. Etat qui dure: 'Elle (est) 5. Action qui dure : 'Elle (chante) à l'est. . timide depuis qu'elle est toute petite' present perfect depuis deux heures' present perfect 6. Volonté : 'Qu'est-ce que tu (prends) ? du thé ou du café? 7. Narration/ Indications scéniques/ : L'enfant (sort): 'Il (s'asseoit) sur une marche et...' present perfect . 8. Narration historique : 'Kennedy (devient) Unis en 1960' present perfect 9. Commentaire sportif: ' Le gardien se (précipite) 10. Concordance de l'action: 'C'(est) Président des Etats present perfect present perfect ...' moi qui l'ai dit la première.' Present perfect : une histoire qui n'en finit pas! Present perfect simple/ present perfect continu Present perfect simple Action passée- le fait passé a un intérêt actuel Your brother has had an accident Present perfect progressif Action passée- qui se He has been continue dans le sleeping for hours présent- insistance sur le déroulement Test = choisir le present perfect simple ou le present perfect progressif. Il ne s'agit pas de traduire les phrases mais de choisir le temps qui serait utilisé en fonction de la situation et de ce que le locuteur veut exprimer (voir tableau). He has been painting for hours (= il peint depuis des heures => continuité d'une action qui a commencé il y a des heures) He has painted a big cloud (= il a peint un gros nuage => le résultat de l'action passée seul intéresse celui qui parle) present perfect progressif 1. Tu (n'as pas payé) ta note de téléphone! 2. Les enfants (regardent) la télévision depuis des heures. 3. Il (pleut) depuis un mois. present perfect progressif present perfect progressif 4. Quelqu'un (a volé) la voiture de Mary! 5. La police (a trouvé) des indices. present perfect progressif present perfect progressif 6. Depuis combien de temps (pleure)-t-elle? 7. Tu es content? J'(ai acheté) un gâteau! 8. Est-ce que John (a coupé) l'herbe? present perfect progressif present perfect progressif 9. Qu'est-ce que tu (fais) depuis 2.30 h ? 10. Elle (a terminé) son travail. present perfect progressif present perfect progressif present perfect progressif Present perfect simple et progressif Present perfect simple - Present perfect progressif Lien passé-présent Present perfect simple Have/has + participe passé du verbe Present perfect progressif (continuous) Have/has + has+been+V-ing Lien passé-présent ne s'intéressant à une action passée, et éventuellement terminée, que du point de vue de son impact au moment présent (notion de bilan, résultat, conséquence). - Evènement non daté du passé. - Bilan dans le présent d'une action passée. - Evènement commencé dans le passé. En plus des valeurs précédentes, il évoque la durée de l'action dont les conséquences sont mentionnées. - Montre qu'une activité commencée dans le passé se poursuit au moment où on parle. - Montre qu'on s'intéresse à l'activité plus qu'au résultat. - Montre une certaine irritation. He has committed a number of offences, as a result he is in prison, at the moment. I'm exhausted, I think I have worked too much. I've read a lot of books. I've read a lot of books and I can talk about them. I haven't seen him for months. You're all wet ! No, wonder, I have been walking in the rain for quite a while. I've been living here for two years. What have you been doing ? You've been smoking again ! Exercises Complétez les phrases suivantes en conjuguant les verbes entre parenthèses au temps qui convient : present perfect simple or present perfect progressif Questions: 1. He ______________________________ (wait) for two hours, since midday. 2. He ______________________________ (not find) the ideal flat yet. 3. Somebody ______________________________ (smoke) here. Open the windows ! 4. How many cups of coffee ______________________________ (you drink) today ? 5. You ______________________________ (eat) chocolate: there are stains on your hands. 6. I ______________________________ (clean) the house for 2 hours; now I can rest. 7. I ______________________________ (not write) any Xmas cards yet. 8. I couldn't sleep because my neighbours ______________________________ (sing) all night long. 9. Emily ______________________________ (work) since September. 10. Sarah ______________________________ (be) a secretary for six months. REPONSES: 1) has been waiting 2) has not found 3) has been smoking 4) have you drunk 5) have been eating 6) have cleaned 7) have not written 8) have been singing 9) has been working 10) has been
