[art] Abstracts [résumés] Langages Année 1999 135 pp. 123-125
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Abstracts
Maurice
GROSS
:
«
Sur la
définition
d'auxiliaire
du
verbe
»
The
common
notion
of
verbal
auxiliary
is
presented
and
various
situations
which
lead
to
generalize
the
notion
are
discussed.
It
is
shown
that
aspectual
auxiliaries
should
have
the
same
status
as
tense
auxiliaries.
It
is
also shown
that
numerous
nominal
constructions
are
better
analyzed
when
their
main
verb
is
considered
as
an
auxiliary
(e.g.
Bob
stopped
selling
this
books
=
Bob
(stopped
+
interrupted)
the
sale
of
his
books).
Jean-Claude
CHEVALIER
:
«
La
notion
d'auxiliaire.
Origine
et
développement
»
A
historical
perspective
is
presented
by
Jean-Claude Chevalier
who
studies
the
origin
and
the
development
of
the
concept
«
auxiliary
».
The
interpretation
of
verbal
morphology
in
French,
within
a
Latin
frame,
encourages
the
first
French
grammarians
to
try
and
understand
the
reasons
for
replacing Latin
forms
such
as
amavi
or
amor
by
French
periphrases.
The
first
step
would
be
to
list
all
the
forms
called
«
notae
»
.
The
second
step
would
be
to
restrain
them
to
forms
of
être
and
avoir
named
«
auxiliaries
».
A
third
step
discovers
in
the
use
of
the
two
main
auxiliaries
a
very
productive
range
of
significations
(Ramus).
Henceforth,
the
category
«
auxiliary
»
tends
to
be
incorporated
in
the
verbal
analysis
(Maupas,
Oudin, Vaugelas).
Nevertheless,
it
is
only
with
the
Grammaire
Générale
de
Port
Royal
that
a
complete
analysis
is
suggested.
Béatrice
LAMIROY
:
«
Auxiliaries,
Romance
languages
and
grammaticalisation
»
The
aim
of
the
paper
is
to
compare
the
class
of
auxiliary
verbs
in
three
Romance
languages,
French,
Spanish
and Italian,
in
the
framework
of
grammaticalization
theory.
Grammaticalization
is
defined
as
the
process
by
which
lexical
items
are
gradually
converted
into
grammatical
markers,
i.e.
a
dynamic
operation
by
which
elements
can
move
over
time
from
one
linguistic
component
to
another
(from
the
lexicon
to
the
grammar
and
eventually,
to
the
morphological
component).
Auxiliaries
are
defined
both
on
a
syntactic
and
a
semantic
basis
:
formally,
they
are
verbs
followed
by
a
non
finite
verb
form
(only
infinitives
are
considered
here)
and
semantically,
they
express
one
of
three
notional
concepts
:
time,
aspect
or
modality.
The
major
claim
of
the
paper
is
that
French
is
the
most
grammaticalized
of
the
three
languages,
and Spanish
the
least.
The
empirical
evidence
that
supports
this
hypothesis
relates
to
three
kinds
of
data
:
the
number
of
verbs
that
can
be
analyzed
as
members
of
the
category
AUX,
the
selectional
properties
concerning
the
subject
NP
(±
human
NP)
and
the
possible
alternation
of
the
infinitival
complement
with
NP
complements.
123
Lélia
PlCABIA
:
«
Morphologie
autonome
et
Morphologie
verbale
du
français
:
une
représentation
de
l'auxiliaire
»
Within
a
Generative
framework,
specifically
the
Minimalist
Program
(Chomsky
1995)
combined
with
what
is
known
as
Distributed Morphology
theory,
Picabia
presents
a
description
of
verbal
inflections
thereby
offering
a
syntactic
analysis
of
auxiliary
verbs
in
French.
She
discusses
the
status
of
the
auxiliary,
which
is
largely
studied
by
French
grammarians.
Picabia
raises
the
question
whether
auxiliary
verbs
form
a
lexical
or
a
functional
category.
In
order
to
demonstrate
her
point
of
view,
she
develops
an
analysis
of
avoir
et
aller,
two
verbs
that
can
be
considered
close
to
functional
category,
and
whose
auxiliarity
is
undoubted.
Hava BaT-Zeev
ShylDKROT
:
«
Analyse
sémantique
d'une
forme
passive
complémentaire
:
se
laisser
»
Bat-Zeev
Shyldkrot describes
and
analyses
a
series
of
alternative
passive
forms,
which
express
a
meaning
that
is
not
'an
active
transitive
one'.
She
particularly
examines
structures
with
se
voir
I
se
faire/
se
laisser
followed
by
an
infinitive,
where
the
conjugated
verb
is
considered
to
be
an
auxiliary.
Bat-Zeev
Shyldkrot
expounds
the
two
parallel
methods
that
are
used
in
order
to
define
passive
forms.
One
method
compares
other
structures
to
an
unmarked
passive
structure
with
être.
A
second
method
considers
the
meaning
of
the
sentence
as
a
distinctive
feature,
and
looks
for
other
structures
that
seem
to
convey
the
same
meaning.
She
tries
to
define
the
difference
in
meaning
between
the
various
non-canonical
passives
and
the
canonical
ones
.
Danielle
LEEMAN
:
«
La
préposition
:
«
un
auxiliaire
»
du
nom
?
»
Danielle
Leeman
evokes
the
resemblance
existing
between
the
preposition's
fonction
with
respect
to
the
noun
on
the
one
hand,
and
some
tenses
with
respect
to
the
verb,
on
the
other
hand. She
rejects,
like
many
others,
the
partition
between
lexical
and
grammatical
items
and
offers
to
elaborate
a
hypothesis
regarding
the
meaning
of
these
forms.
She
presents
different
categories
of
nouns
and
examines
their
compatibility
with
the
preposition
dans.
Leeman
further
demonstrates
that
dans
is
susceptible
to
forming
both
temporal
and
causal
complements.
She
concludes
that
whatever
the
noun
category
introduced
by
dans
is,
the
preposition
presents
the
event
as
a
whole.
Leeman
supports
the
hypothesis
that
the
preposition
establishes
a
certain
aspectual
feature
of
the
noun,
in
the
same
way
as
the
auxiliary establishes
an
aspectual
interpretation
of
the
verb.
Anne
DalADIER
:
«
Auxiliation
des
noms
d'action
»
In
various
languages,
such
as
French,
which
do
not
have
nominal
assertions,
a
specific
auxiliation
has
taken
place
for
nouns, prepositions,
adverbs
and
adjectives.
This
auxiliation
has
«
gramma
ticalized
»
verbs,
nouns
and
prepositions
with
124
aspectual,
causative
and
«
modal
»
values
which
are
complementary
to
those
of
the
verbal
auxiliation.
The
grammaticalized
elements
involved
in
this
auxiliation
do
not
have
a
compositional
lexical
meaning,
but
a
regular
grammatical
one,
as
in
the
verbal
auxiliation.
Current
linguistic
formalisms
are
unable
to
represent
the
distribution
properties
of
the
elements
entering
this
rich
auxiliation
system.
The
analysis
of
its
genesis
in
Indo-European
languages
makes
it
possible
to
understand
its
syntactic
and
semantic
role
as
well
as
its
striking
similarities
in
Romance
and
Germanic
languages.
Annie
MEUNIER
:
«
Auxiliaire
de
modalité
et
complément
adverbial
»
In
a
Lexique-Grammaire
framework,
Annie Meunier
analyzes
the
sequence
Paul
a
eu
l'honnêteté
d'intervenir,
which
conveys
a
modality
parallel
to
the
one
expressed
by
par
N
(par
honnêteté).
The
first
sequence
presents
certain
properties.
It
carries
tense
inflections
before
an
infinitival
predicate.
It
also
carries
a
negation
mark
extended
over
the
entire
sentence.
The
insertion
of
this
modality
within
the
predicate
evoked
the
term
auxiliary.
Meunier
enumerates
the
properties
of
the
two
modalities
and
the
constraints
imposed
on
their
usage.
It
is
suggested
that
the
two
modalities
can
be
considered
modal
auxiliaries
of
a
«
psychological
»
nature
in
the
sense
of
Gross
1975 (table
1).
She
further
demonstrates
that
despite
the
differences,
the
two
modalities
display
semantic
and
distributional
similarities.
125
1
/
4
100%
