224 Pour la pratique
Médecine des maladies Métaboliques - Juin 2012 - Vol. 6 - N°3
Pour la pratique
224
[21] ACCORD Study Group; ACCORD Eye Study
Group, Chew EY, Ambrosius WT, Davis MD, et
al. Effects of medical therapies on retinopathy
progression in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med
2010;363:233-44[Erratum in: N Engl J Med
2011;364:190].
[22] Schrier RW, Estacio RO, Esler A, Mehler P.
Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in
normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albu-
minuria, retinopathy and strokes. Kidney Int
2002;61:1086-97.
[23] Varma R, Macias GL, Torres M, et al.; Los
Angeles Latino Eye Study Group. Biologic risk
factors associated with diabetic retinopathy: the
Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Ophthalmology
2007;114:1332-40.
[24] Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ.
The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic
Retinopathy: XVII. The 14-year incidence and pro-
gression of diabetic retinopathy and associated
risk factors in type 1 diabetes. Ophthalmology
1998;105:1801-15.
[25] Bonnet S, Maréchal G. Influence de l’hyper-
tension artérielle sur la rétinopathie diabétique. J
Mal Vasc 1992;17:308-10.
[26] Ebrahimian TG, Tamarat R, Clergue M, et al.
Dual effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibition on angiogenesis in type 1 diabetic mice.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005;25:65-70.
[27] Gilbert RE, Kelly DJ, Cox AJ, et al. Angiotensin
converting enzyme inhibition reduces retinal over–
expression of vascular endothelial growth factor
and hyperpermeability in experimental diabetes.
Diabetologia 2000;43:1360-7.
[28] Nagisa Y, Shintani A, Nakagawa S. The angio-
tensin II receptor antagonist candesartan cilexetil
(TCV-116) ameliorates retinal disorders in rats.
Diabetologia 2001;43:883-8.
[29] Chaturvedi N, Porta M, Klein R, et al.; DIRECT
Programme Study Group. Effect of candesartan
on prevention (DIRECT-Prevent 1) and progres-
sion (DIRECT-Protect 1) of retinopathy in type 1
diabetes: randomised, placebo-controlled trials.
Lancet 2008;372:1394-402.
[30] Chatuverdi N, Sjølie AK, Stephenson JM,
et al.; EUCLID Study Group. Effect of lisinopril
on progression of retinopathy in normoten-
sive people with type 1 diabetes. EURODIAB
Controlled Trial of Lisinopril in Insulin-Dependent
Diabetes Mellitus. Lancet 1998;351:28-31.
[31] UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group.
Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing
risk of macrovascular and microvascular com-
plications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 39. BMJ
1998;317:713-20.
[32] Cusick M, Meleth AD, Agrón E, et al.;
Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study
Research Group. Associations of mortality and
diabetes complications in patients with type 1
and type 2 diabetes: early treatment diabetic
retinopathy study report no. 27. Diabetes Care
2005;28:617-25.
[33] Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ.
The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic
Retinopathy. XV. The long-term incidence of
macular edema. Ophthalmology 1995;102:7-16.
et Recommandations). Diabetes Metab
2007;33(Suppl.1):1S1-1S105. www.has-sante.fr
[11] Laboureau-Soares Barbosa S, RodienP,
Draunet-Busson C, et al. Hypertension
artérielle chez le sujet diabétique. EMC-
Cardiologie;2011:11-301-P-10.
[12] UK Prospective Diabetes Study. Tight blood
pressure control and risk of macrovascular and
microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes:
UKPDS 38. BMJ 1998;317:703-13[Erratum in:
BMJ 1999;318:29].
[13] Dupas B, Massin P. Diagnostic et trai-
tement de la rétinopathie diabétique. EMC
Endocrinologie-Nutrition;2011:10-366-K-10.
[14] Kirkendall WM. Retinal changes of hyperten-
sion. In: Mausolf FA, editor. The eye and systemic
disease. Saint-Louis: Mosby, 1975:212-22.
[15] Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE. The relation of
systemic hypertension to changes in the retinal
vasculature: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans
Am Ophthalmol Soc 1997;95:329-48 ; discus-
sion:348-50.
[16] Wong TY, Mitchell P. Hypertensive retinopa-
thy. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2310-7.
[17] Knowler WC, Bennett PH, Ballintine EJ.
Increased incidence of retinopathy in diabe-
tics with elevated blood pressure. A six-year
follow-up study in Pima Indians. N Engl J Med
1980;302:645-50.
[18] Teuscher A, Schnell H, Wilson PW. Incidence
of diabetic retinopathy and relationship to base-
line plasma glucose and blood pressure. Diabetes
Care 1988;11:246-51.
[19] Chahal P, Inglesby DV, Sleightholm M, Kohner
EM. Blood pressure and the progression of mild
background diabetic retinopathy. Hypertension
1985;7:1179-83.
[20] Gaede P, Vedel P, Larsen N, et al.
Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular
disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl
J Med 2003;348:383-93.
[3] Vu HT, Keefe JE, McCarty CA, Taylor HR.
Impact of unilateral and bilateral vision loss on
quality of life. Br J Ophthalmol 2005;89:360-3.
[4] Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment
of diabetes on the development and progression
of long-term complications in insulin-dependant
diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993;329:977-86.
[5] Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and
Complications (EDIC). Design, implementation,
and preliminary results of a long-term follow-up
of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
cohort. Diabetes Care 1999;22:99-111.
[6] UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS)
Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sul-
phonylureas or insulin compared with conven-
tional treatment and risk of complications in
patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33).
Lancet 1998;352:837-53[Erratum in: Lancet
1999;354:602].
[7] Ohkubo Y, Kishikawa H, Araki E, et al. Intensive
insulin therapy prevents the progression of dia-
betic microvascular complications in Japanese
patients with non-insulin-dependant diabetes
mellitus: a randomized prospective 6-year study.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995;28:103-17.
[8] The World Health Organisation Multinational
Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetics. Diabetes
Drafting Group. Prevalence of small vessel and
large vessel disease in diabetic patients from 14
centres. Diabetologia 1985;28(Suppl.):615-40.
[9] Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton JD, Wentworth D.
Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovas-
cular mortality for men screened in the Multiple
Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care
1993;16:434-44.
[10] Agence française de sécurité sanitaire
des produits de santé-Haute Autorité de santé
(Afssaps-HAS). Recommandation profession-
nelle. Traitement médicamenteux du diabète
de type 2 (Actualisation). Novembre 2006.
Recommandation de bonne pratique (Synthèse
Le traitement de la rétinopathie diabétique menaçant la vue reste le traitement par
photocoagulation laser des cellules rétiniennes. Cependant, retarder la nécessité de
ce traitement protège le pronostic visuel. L’on comprend donc tout l’enjeu de ralentir
la progression de la RD.
Au vu des différentes études, il semble exister un lien entre HTA et progression de la
RD, ainsi qu’avec la progression de la maculopathie. Ainsi, l’équilibre tensionnel strict
(PA systolique ≤130mm Hg et PA diastolique ≤80mm Hg) participe au contrôle de la
progression de la RD.
Cependant, il n’existe pas de preuve suffisante justifiant d’introduire un traitement
antihypertenseur agissant sur le système rénine-angiotensine chez le diabétique nor-
motendu dans le but de ralentir, ou de prévenir, la RD.
Enfin, et surtout, il convient de rappeler le rôle majeur du contrôle glycémique dans la
prévention et le ralentissement de la progression de la RD chez les patients diabétiques,
ainsi que le caractère synergique puissant d’un contrôle tensionnel, comme cela fut
parfaitement démontré dans l’étude UKPDS chez les patients DT2.
Conclusion