
Troubles de santé mentale et recours aux soins chez une population vulnérable accueillie en centre maternel 585
de solutions que dans la nécessité de favoriser l’élaboration de liens entre professionnels de
santé mentale et travailleurs sociaux.
© L’Encéphale, Paris, 2008.
KEYWORDS
Psychopathology;
Epidemiology;
Social deprivation;
Access to care;
Social Support;
Mother-child centers
Summary
Introduction. — The negative effect of social deprivation and poverty on mental health has been
the subject of numerous publications since the 1960s, with studies generally showing a higher
prevalence of mental health disorders in homeless, unemployed or low income populations.
Women in perinatal contexts are also at greater risk for psychopathology: the relative risk for
being hospitalised is up to 60% higher in the perinatal period than during the two years preceding
pregnancy. Access to social care and informal support is therefore particularly important for
pregnant women in vulnerable social conditions. In France, socially excluded mothers access
shelter and accommodation in maternal centres. Over the last few years, staff in these centers
report what they perceive to be as an increase in the prevalence of mental health problems in
the mothers using these services. The current study, CEMAT, set out to examine this question.
Methodology. — Based on a participatory research method, a qualitative and epidemiological
study was carried out in order to evaluate the reality and needs in terms of mental health care
in this population, as well as to evaluate available care and support networks. The study took
place in 2005. All stakeholder groups in six maternal centres agreed to participate in focus
groups and, in addition, residents were invited to respond to epidemiological and qualitative
questionnaires, including the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 5.0.0) and its
qualitative questions aimed at evaluating use of medical and social network resources. Overall,
95 women took part in this study, representing 61% of all residents. Subjects were young (64%
under 26) and 57% had been living in their centre for over 12 months.
Results. — A percentage of 68% (N= 65) of the participants were identified as having a mental
health disorder, according to the MINI. Of these 65 women, 55 (85%) had consulted a physician
(mainly general practitioners and gynecologists) during the preceding two months. Ninety seven
per cent of women validating one or more MINI diagnoses had specifically looked for help for
these disorders, 17% seeking only professional help (GP, psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker,
expert in non conventional medicine or traditional care), 23%looking for an informal source of
support (partner, family, friends) and 57% using both professional care and informal support.
High rates of satisfaction (69% for professional services, 81% for informal support) showed the
capacity of this population to request relevant social and medico-social support.
Discussion. — Results tend to confirm the links between psychosocial vulnerability and mental
health disorders. On the other hand, the women’s ability to ask for and to access specific
psychological care, whether it be from professionals or informally from friends and family is to
be underlined. The high satisfaction rates tend to prove that, though psychologically vulnerable,
this population has coping capacities that should be recognized and valorized. Options open
to such structures do not necessarily involve the sole development of internal mental health
resources, but need to acknowledge and strengthen existing support networks.
© L’Encéphale, Paris, 2008.
Introduction
La relation entre la psychiatrie et la précarité sociale fait,
depuis les années 1960, l’objet d’études soutenues dans le
champ de la santé mentale [2,10]. Les enquêtes menées
en population générale montrent que, d’une manière géné-
rale, les problèmes de santé mentale et en particulier
la dépression, sont plus fréquents dans les populations
pauvres, sans emploi ou sans domicile [3,5,7,8,10]. Cette
vulnérabilité est d’autant plus importante dans un contexte
périnatal : le risque relatif pour une femme d’être hos-
pitalisée en milieu psychiatrique dans les deux ans qui
suivent une naissance est de 1,6 [6]. Les moyens mis
en œuvre pour faciliter une prise en charge adaptée
sont en constant développement et les populations les
plus précarisées ont vu leurs ressources en santé men-
tale augmenter. Toutefois, le repérage de la souffrance
psychologique des populations dont la vulnérabilité psy-
chosociale est moindre, faute de visibilité, serait moins
systématique.
Les jeunes mères en situation de vulnérabilité psychoso-
ciale se voient offrir sur l’ensemble du territoire franc¸ais
un accueil en centre maternel. Selon les textes, la mission
des ces centres est mixte, visant non seulement l’accueil et
l’hébergement de ces femmes mais également la réinsertion
sociale et le soutien au développement de la parentalité.
Le Département de Paris accueille ainsi 300 femmes en
centre maternel, au titre du dispositif de protection de
l’enfance. Selon Donati et al. [4], seule source d’information
récente sur le profil psychosocial des résidentes des centres
maternels, la vulnérabilité des femmes accueillies est carac-
térisée d’une part par leurs conditions de vie (76 % d’entre
elles vivaient dans un logement précaire avant d’accéder
au centre: hébergement par des tiers, hébergement social,
d’urgence ou de fortune) et d’autre part par l’absence
d’insertion professionnelle, 77 % étant par exemple sans tra-