Révisions: grammaire 1. TO BE Présent Prétérit I am We are I was

Révisions: grammaire
1. TO BE
Présent
I am
You are
He/ She/ It is
We are
You are
They are
Prétérit
I was
You were
He/ She/ It was
We were
You were
They were
Il peut être utilisé comme verbe : I am happy
I am sixteen years old
I am hungry / thirsty
Phrase affirmative: He is in the garage.
négative: They are not at home.
interrogative: Are you happy to be here ?
Ou il peut servir d’auxiliaire dans les temps composés :
- Présent be + ing : I am reading
- Préterit be + ing : I was reading
- Passif présent be (pst) + part. passé: These shoes are made in Italy.
- Passif prétérit be (pret) + part. passé : This car was stolen yesterday.
2. TO HAVE
Présent
I have
You have
He/ she/ it has
We have
You have
They have
Prétérit:
A toutes les personnes : HAD
Il peut être utilisé comme verbe : I have two cats.
Dans les phrases négatives et interrogatives, on utilise l’opérateur DO :
Do you have brothers and sisters?
I don’t have your phone number.
Ou il peut servir d’auxiliaire dans les temps composés :
- Present perfect have + part. passé: I have lived here for two years.
- Past perfect had + part. passé: When I arrived, he had already left.
3. TO DO
Présent
I do
You do
He/ she/ it does
We do
You do
They do
Prétérit
A toutes les personnes: DID
- Il peut être utilisé comme verbe. Il signifie « faire ».
Attention : do = faire, mais make = fabriquer.
Phrase affirmative: He does his homework everyday.
He did his homework yesterday.
Négative: She doesn’t do the cooking. (= faire la cuisine)
Interrogative: Do you do the dishes at home?(=faire la vaisselle)
- Il sert d’auxiliaire pour construire les phrases négatives et
interrogatives :
I don’t like chocolate. He didn’t play tennis yesterday.
Do you like football ? Did you read this book?
Don’t you like cakes?
4. LES TEMPS
1. Présent simple
Formation:
Sujet + base verbale (I, you, we, you, they): you play football
S + BV + S ou ES (He, she, it): he plays tennis, she watches TV
Emploi: présenter les faits, sans les commenter.
I usually get up at 7.30.
Water boils at 100° C.
2. Présent BE + ING
Formation:
S + BE au présent + BV –ING: I am reading a book
Emploi: l’énonciateur exprime son point de vue, souvent il se focalise
sur un moment d’une action en cours de déroulement, ou il exprime une
action à venir (prévue), ou il exprime un jugement.
I am watching TV.
I am leaving tomorrow.
He is always complaining!!!
3. Prétérit simple
Formation:
S + BV –ED (vbs réguliers): He looked at her.
S + vb irrégulier (2ème colonne liste): He saw her yesterday.
Emploi: Décrire un fait passé, sans lien avec le présent.
We lived in Scotland when I was a child.
4. Prétérit BE + ING
Formation:
S + Be (prétérit) + BV –ING: I was reading a book when you arrived.
Emploi: L’énonciateur se focalise sur un moment d’une action en cours
dans le passé.
What were you doing last night? I was working.
5. Present perfect
Formation:
S + Have (présent) + part. passé (vbs rég: BV + ED): I have lived here for
a year.
S + Have (présent) + PP (vb irr 3ème col): He has known her for a year.
Emploi: L’énonciateur exprime un lien entre le passé et le présent. Il sert
à faire un bilan.
I don’t want to see this film : I have already seen it.
Have you ever been to Australia?
I have lived here for 10 years.
6. Present perfect BE + ING
Formation:
S + Have (présent) + BEEN + BV -ING : I have been living here for a
year.
Emploi: l’énonciateur s’interesse à une activité en cours à un moment
donné tout en exprimant un lien avec le passé.
It has been raining, everything is wet.
I have been waiting for four hours.
7. Pluperfect
Formation:
S + Have (prétérit) + PP (vbs rég: BV + ED): I had lived there all his life.
S + Have (prétérit) + PP (vb irr 3ème col): He had already left when I
arrived.
Emploi: Exprimer un lien entre deux moments du passé.
She didn’t want to see the film because she had seen it before.
8. Pluperfect BE + ING
Formation:
S + Have (prétérit) + BEEN + BV -ING): I had lived there all his life.
Emploi: Exprimer un lien entre deux moments du passé. Une activité
était en cours à un moment donné.
They had been living in a hotel for two weeks before they found a house.