!"#$%$&$'#()"*"+,-$."$/0$1"22"$$
Ch.3: p4 $
3.1. Les'saisons''
$
9"-$-0>-#+-$2F-(/,"+,$."$/]>+;/>+0>-#+$."$/]0J"$."$2#,0,>#+$."$
/0$1"22"$802$2088#2,$0($8/0+$."$-#+$#2@>,"A$9]0+N/"$?("$C0>,$
/]0J"$ ."$ 2#,0,>#+$ ."$ /0$ 1"22"$ ",$ /0$ +#2*0/"$ 0($ 8/0+$ ."$
/]#2@>,"$"-,$C>J"$",$FN0/$I$aWc$ad]A$B+$;#+-F?("+;"D$0($C(2$",$I$
*"-(2"$."$/0$82#N2"-->#+$."$/0$1"22"$-(2$-#+$#2@>,"$0(,#(2$
.($_#/">/D$/]#2>"+,0,>#+$."-$20E#+-$-#/0>2"-$3)-+.% )2% =12-6%
7.%8F)55@.%6.815%8)%8),+,27.A$
$
\/(-$ /]>+;>."+;"$ ."-$ 20E#+-$ -#/0>2"-$ "-,$ N20+."D$ 8/(-$
[email protected]+.$>+,"2;"8,F"$ 802$ (+>,F$ ."$-(2C0;"$"-,$ C0>@/"A$9"-$ 088#2,-$F+"2NF,>?("-$ )02>"+,$.#+;$ "+$(+$ *G*"$/>"($ 0($;#(2-$ ."-$
-0>-#+-$",$@>"+$-e2$0($;#(2-$."$/0$<#(2+F"A$
$
9]F,F$"-,$/0$-0>-#+$;70(."$."$/]7F*>-87U2"$@#2F0/$Rf3T$",$
/0$-0>-#+$C2#>."$."$/]7F*>-87U2"$0(-,20/$Rf_TA$9"$.F@(,$."$
;70?("$-0>-#+$"-,$.FC>+>$2"-8";,>)"*"+,$802$/"-$-#/-,>;"-$
RF,F$",$7>)"2T$",$/"-$F?(>+#J"-$R82>+,"*8-$",$0(,#*+"TA$
$
$
3.2. Histoire'de'calendriers'
!
90$.(2F"$.:(+"$2F)#/(,>#+$;#*8/U,"$"-,$."$WXY$<#(2-$Y$7"(2"-$%[$*>+(,"-$",$%[$-";#+."-A$$
6#**"$/:7#**"$0$."8(>-$,#(<#(2-$"--0EF$.:#2N0+>-"2$/0$)>"$0N2>;#/"D$-#;>0/"$",$2"/>N>"(-"$
."$ -"-$ -#;>F,F-D$ >/$ 0$ .($ ,2#()"2$ (+$ *#E"+$ ."$ -"$ 2"8F2"2$ 802$ 2088#2,$ 0(J$ 87F+#*U+"-$
8F2>#.>?("-A$
$
`$/0$C#+.0,>#+$."$L#*"$RdYW$0)0+,$gA6ATD$/"-$L#*0>+-$#+,$(,>/>-F$/:0++F"$82>*>,>)"$.>,"$."$
L#*(/(-$R82"*>"2$2#>$."$L#*"TA$B//"$;#*82"+0>,$^h$*#>-$,#,0/>-0+,$Wh%$<#(2-$R%$*#>-$."$
W^$<#(2-$",$X$*#>-$."$WhTA$V/-$/0$,"+0>"+,$.:(+$0+;>"+$8"(8/"D$/"-$`/@0>+-A$6"$;0/"+.2>"2$"-,$
;(2>"(JD$0)";$."-$*#>-$+"$;#22"-8#+.0+,$80-$I$/0$/(+0>-#+$R",$.#+;$(+"$.F2>)"$."$/0$/(+"TD$
",$ (+"$ 0++F"$ +"$ ;#22"-8#+.0+,$ 80-$ 8/(-$ 0($ -#/">/i$ b+$ 8#(220>,$ 82"-?("$ .>2"$ ?("$ ;"$
;0/"+.2>"2$+:"-,$+>$-#/0>2"D$+>$/(+0>2"S$9"-$0++F"-$-#+,$+(*F2#,F"-$I$802,>2$."$/0$C#+.0,>#+$
."$L#*"D$I$802,>2$."$^$R/"-$L#*0>+-$+"$;#++0>--0>"+,$80-$/"$;7>CC2"$MF2#TA$
$
'02,>(-D$`82>/>-D$'0j(-D$g(+>(-D$P(>+,>/>-D$$$
_"J,>/>-D$_"8,"*@"2D$b;,#@"2D$3#)"*@"2D$5";"*@"2$
$
6",,"$ 0++F"$ F,0+,$ @"0(;#(8$ ,2#8$ ;#(2,"$ 802$ 2088#2,$ I$ /:0++F"$ ,2#8>?("D$ #+$ 0<#(,0>,$ /"$
+#*@2"$ ."$ <#(2-$ -(CC>-0+,$ 8#(2$ 20,,208"2$ /:"22"(2$ 082U-$ /"$ *#>-$ ."$ 5";"*@"2A$ 6"$
20,,2080N"$F,0>,$"*8>2>?("D$/"-$<#(2-$0<#(,F-$+"$8#2,0>"+,$80-$."$+#*A$
$
k"2-$d^Y$0)0+,$g6D$#+$-E-,F*0,>-0$/"$20,,2080N"$"+$0<#(,0+,$."(J$*#>-D$;"$?(>$8#2,0$/:0++F"$
I$ WYY$ <#(2-$ R%$ *#>-$ ."$ W^$ <#(2-D$ d$ ."$ al$ ",$ ^$ ."$ a[TA$ 6"-$ *#>-$ #+,$ 82>-$ /"-$ +#*-$ ."$
g0+(02>(-$Ral$<#(2-T$",$m"@2(02>(-$Ra[$<#(2-TD$;#+-0;2F-$I$g0+(-D$2#>$.($90,>(*$",$.>"($."$/0$
80>JD$ ",$ I$ m"@@2(#D$ .>"($ ."-$ *#2,-A$ '0>-$ ;"/0$ +:F,0>,$ 80-$ "+;#2"$ 802C0>,$ ",$ >/$ C0//0>,$ -0+-$
;"--"$20<#(,"2$."-$<#(2-$"+$;#(2-$.:0++F"A$
$