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Catégories!pour!l’analyse!des!interactions!de!Flanders!
Tableau+III.3+tiré+de+Cherkaoui,+M.+(1986).+Sociologie+de+l’éducation.+Paris+:+PUF.+(Que+sais-je+?),+p.88.+
+
Le+maître++
Influence+indirecte+
+
1. Accepte+les+sentiments+:+accepte+et+clarifie+les+sentiments+de+l’élève+sans+menace.+Les+sentiments+
peuvent+être+positifs+ou+négatifs.+
2. Louange,+encouragement+:+du+comportement+de+l’élève+y+compris+les+plaisanteries+qui+détendent+
mais+non+au+détriment+d’un+autre+élève.+
3. Accepte+ou+utilise+les+idées+des+élèves.+
4. Pose+des+questions+qui+appellent+des+réponses+de+la+part+des+élèves.+
+
Le+maître++
Influence+directe+
5. Fait+un+cours+ex-cathedra+:+ transmet+des+ faits+ou+ opinions,+exprime+ ses+propres+idées,+pose+ des+
questions+purement+rhétoriques.+
6. Donne+des+directives,+des+ordres+auxquels+l’élève+est+censé+se+conformer.+
7. Critique,+en+appelle+à+son+autorité+:+dans+le+but+de+transformer+le+comportement+de+l’élève+d’une+
configuration+inacceptable+à+une+acceptable,+vocifère,+se+réfère+fréquemment+à+soi-même.+
+
L’élève+
8. Répond+verbalement+aux+questions+posées+par+le+maître,+pas+de+spontanéité.+
9. Prend+spontanément+la+parole.+
10. Silence+ou+confusion+;+périodes+de+silence+ou+de+confusion+que+l’observateur+ne+peut+comprendre.++
+
«+Un+des+résultats+auxquels+aboutit+Flanders+est+que+les+élèves+dont+les+maitres+exercent+fréquemment+des+
actions+ indirectes+ tirent+ un+ bénéfice+ plus+ grand+ que+ ceux+ dont+ les+ maitres+ ont+ un+ enseignement+ plus+
direct+;+les+premiers+ayant+des+attitudes+plus+favorables+à+la+classe+que+les+seconds.+Une+autre+conclusion,+à+
laquelle+on+s’attendait,+est+que+tous+les+enseignants+utilisent+un+très+grand+nombre+d’influences+directes+»+
(p.+89).+