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Antoszek, Ewa, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
Border Crossings as an Act of (Un)belonging and Longing for Home in Grande’s
The Distance Between Us. A Memoir.
The border with its multiple roles and interpretations has always played an important
role in Chicana discourse. Redefinitions and redesigns of spatial paradigms that took
place in the second half of the 20th century resulted in proliferation of border imagery in
literature that presented complex roles of the border. The aforementioned
transformations were reflected in the shift of focus in Chicana discourse on the spatial,
from location to mobility, “from land to roads” (Kaup 200). This shift in turn, led to
alterative constructions of space and remappings of geographic locations that included
creation of in-between spaces and rewriting of the border from the line into a contact
zone. As Claire F. Fox notes, “Emphasizing the social and cultural dimensions of the U.S.-
Mexico border over topographical ones immediately gave border consciousness a
certain mobility” (63). Therefore, she continues, “As a phenomenological category, the
border was something that people carried within themselves, in addition to being an
external factor structuring their perceptions” (63).
Due to the interdependence between space and identity formation, the new
construction of the border as a contact zone predetermines new approach towards
Chicana identity formation. Contemporary Chicana literature often focuses on roads
rather than dwellings (Kaup 228) and discusses the issue of identity formation
construed in in-between spaces. Chicana authors often examine the experience of
nomadic subjects traveling both within the U.S. and/or Mexico or crossing the border,
presenting multiple reasons behind such travels, as well as different experiences and
outcomes resulting from these journeys. In addition, changes in scholarship on space
have resulted in the shift from nationalistic focus on land, which is “a central symbol of
Chicano nationalism indebted to the notion of tierra and Aztlán,” to houses (Kaup, “The
Architecture” 363). The house becomes “the master metaphor for the construction of
identity” (Kaup, “The Architecture 363) and Chicanas as “revisionist architects” (Kaup,
Rewriting 14) have two alternatives to deal with that space: “dismantling and
reassembling the home” (Kaup, Rewriting 14). The first tactics involves “[l]eaving home,
the house of the fathers, to live alone and to design new women-oriented models of
home, such as a house of one’s own – the modernist remedy” (Kaup, Rewriting 14). The
other option means “returning to and recovering the ancestral house . . . as a female
place, and reclaiming its emotional values of habitation and inferiority” (Kaup,
Rewriting 14). As Kaup suggests, such refocusing “marks a shifting of the problematic of
ethnicity from organic unity to the constructedness of identity” (“The Architecture”
390). Moreover, she continues, “[i]t revises our preconceptions, changing out view of
Chicana identity as a permanent thing, a natural trait produced through generational
succession and long residence in the homeland, to a recognition of it as artifact” which is
“the result of (wo)man-made designs and installations on the land and therefore subject