[6] Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan H-L, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, Burgess T, et al. Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates
osteoclast differentiation and activation. Cells 1998;93:165–76.
[7] Wong BR, Rho J, Arron J, Robinson E, Orlinick J, Chao M, et al. Trance is a novel ligand of the tumor necrosis factor receptor
family that activates c-jun N-terminal kinase in T cells. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:25190–4.
[8] Kim N, Odgren PR, Kim DK, Marks SC, ChoiY. Diverse roles of the tumor necrosis factor family memberTRANCE in skeletal
physiology revealed by TRANCE deficiency and partial rescue by a lymphocytesexpressed TRANCE transgène. Proc Natl Acad Sci
(USA) 2000;97: 10905–10.
[9] Hofbauer LC, Khosla S, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Boyle WJ, Riggs BL. The role of osteoprotegerin and osteoprotegerin ligand in the
paracrin regulation of bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2000;15: 2–12.
[10] Wong BR, Josien R, Lee SY, Sauter B, Li HL, Steinman RM, et al. Trance (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-related activation-induced
cytokine), a new TNF family member predominantly expressed in T cells, is a dendritic cell-specific survival factor. J Exp Med
1997;186: 2075–80.
[11] Josien R, Wong BR, Li HL, Steinman RM, Choi Y. Trance, a TNF family member is differentially expressed on T cell subsets and
induces cytokine production in dendritic cells. J Immunol 1999;162: 2562–8.
[12] Josien R,Wong BR, Li HL, ChoiY. Trance is a TNF family member that regulates dendritic cell and osteoclast function. J Leukoc
Biol
1999;65:715–24.
[13] Kong YY, Yoshida H, Sarosi I, Tan HL, Timms E, Capparelli C, Morony S, et al. OPG is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis,
lymphocytes development and lymph-node organogenesis. Nature 1999; 397:315–23.
[14] Horwood NJ, Kartsogiannis V, Quinn JMW, Romas E, Martin TJ, Gillepsie MT. Activated T cells support osteoclast formation in
vitro. Biochem Biophis Res Commun 1999;265:144–50.
[15] Kong YY, Feige U, Sarosi I, Bolon B, Tafuri A, Morony S, et al. Activated T cells regulate bone loss and joint destruction in
adjuvant arthritis through osteoprotegerin ligand. Nature 1999;402:604–9.
[16] Kotake S, Udagawa N, Hadoka M, Mogi M, Yano K, Tsuda E, et al. Activated human T cells directly induce osteoclastogenesis
from
human monocytes, possible role of T cells in bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis patient. Arthtritis Rheum 2001;44:1003–12.
[17] Lacey DL, Erdmann JM, Teitelbaum SL, Tan HL, Ohara J, Shioi A. Interleukin 4, interferon-gamma, and prostaglandin E impact
the osteoclastic cell-forming potential of murine bone marrow macrophages. Endocrinology 1995;136:2367–76.
[18] Feldmann M, Brennan F, Paleolog E, Taylor P, Maini RN. Anti tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy of rheumatoid arthritis
:mechanism of action. Eur Cytokine Netw 1997;8:297–300.
[19] Goldring SR, Gravallese EM. Pathogenesis of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2000;12:195–9.
[20] Suda T, Takahashi N, Udagawa N, Jimi E, Gillepsie MT, Martin TJ. Modulation of osteoclast differentiation and function by the
new
member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor and ligand families. Endoc Rev 1999;20:345–57.
[21] Kotake S, Sato K, Kim KJ, Takahashi N, Udagawa N, Nakamura I, et al. Interleukin-6 and soluble interleukin 6 receptors in the
synovial fuids from rheumatoid arthritis patient are responsible for osteoclast-like cell formation. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:88–95.
[22] Weitzmann MN, Cenci S, Rifas L, Brown C, Pacifici B. Interleukin-7 stimulates osteoclast formation by up-regulating the T-cell
production of soluble osteoclastogenic cytokines. Blood 2000;96:1873–8.
[23] Gravallese EM, Manning C, Tsay A, Naito A, Pan C, Amento E, et al. Synovial Tissue in rheumatoid arthritis is a source of
osteoclast differentiation factor. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:250–8.
[24] Kobayashi K, Takahashi N, Jimi E, Udagawa N, Takami M, Kotake S, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulates osteoclast
differentiation by a mechanism independent of the ODF/RANKLRANK interaction. J Exp Med 2000;191:275–85.
[25] Hofbauer LC, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Interleukine-1b and tumor necrosis factor-a, but not
interleukin-6 stimulate osteoprotegerin ligand gene expression in human osteoblastic cells. Bone 1996;25:255–9.
[26] Takayanagi H, Oda H, Yamamoto S, Kawaguchi H, Tanaka S, Nishikawa T, et al. A new mechanism of bone destruction in
rheumatoid arthritis; synovial fibroblasts induce osteoclastogenesis. Biochem Biophis Res Commun 1997;240:279–86.
[27] Fujikawa Y, Sabokbar A, Neale S, Athanasou NA. Human osteoclast formation and bone resorption by monocytes and synovial
macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1996;55:3597–602.
[28] Romas E, Bakharevski O, Hards DK, Kartsogiannis V, Quinn JMW, Ryan PFJ, et al. Expression of osteoclast differentiation factor
at sites of bone erosion in collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43:821–6.
[29] Udagawa N, Takahashi N, Akatsu T, Tanaka H, Sasaki T, Nishihara T, et al. Origin of osteoclasts: mature monocytes and
macrophages are capable of differentiating into osteoclasts under a suitable micro-environment prepared by bone marrow-derived
stromals cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1990;87:7260–4.
[30] Takayanagi H, Iizuka H, Juji T, Nakagawa T, Yamamoto A, Miyazaki T, et al. Involvement of receptor activator of nuclear factor
jB ligand/osteoclast differentiation factor in osteoclastogenesis from synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum
2000;43:259– 69.
[31] Pettit AR, Ji H, von Stechow D, Muller R, Goldring SR, ChoiY, et al. Trance/RANKL knock-out mice are protected from bone
erosion in a serum transfer model of arthritis. Am J Pathol 2001 Nov;159:1689– 99.
[32] Bromley M,Woolley DE. Chondroclasts and osteoclasts at subchondral sites of erosion in the rheumatoid joint. Arthritis Rheum
1984;27: 968–75.
[33] Itonaga I, Fujikawa Y, Sabokbar A, Murray DW, Athanasou NA. Rheumatoid arthritis synovial macrophage-osteoclast
differentiation is osteoprotegerin ligand-dependent. J Pathol 2000;192:97–104.
[34] Ziolkowska M, Kurowska M, Radzikowska A, Luszczykiewicz G, Wiland P, DziewczopolskiW, et al. High levels of osteoprotegerin
and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand in serum of rheumatoid arthritis patients and their normalization after
anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha treatment. Arthritis Rheum 2002 Jul;46(7): 1744–53.
[35] Bekker PJ, Holloway D, Nakanishi A, Arrighi HM, Leese PT, Dunstan CR. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) has potent and sustained
antiresorptive activity in post menopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 2001;16(2):348–60.
[36] Lubberts E, Joosten L, Chabeaud M,Van den Bersselaar L, Oppers B, Coenen-de Roo C, et al. IL-4 gene therapie for collagen
arthritis suppresses synovial IL-17 and osteoprotegerin ligand and prevent bone erosion. J Clin Invest 2000;105:1697–710.
© SFR - N. Saidenberg-Kermanac’h et al. / Revue du Rhumatisme 71 (2004) 11–16