Soi En spiritualité

!"##$%&&'()*+,+$-.+/)0(1&*+,+&20+345$+(+#6/7+#89:
Page 1 sur 11:
Soi!
En#spiritualité!
;/:<0#+0<:.-:soi:(-=>#:.-5:5-<5:?67#+$7-5:/77/<#:.-:7/:(8/7+#8:.-:@-:A6+:-5#:47/:@"05-:-<:
50+9:B:7C+?/1-:A6-:7C0<:5-:'/+#:.-:5/:$(0$(-:+<.+=+.6/7+#8:47C-10D:7-:?0+9D:-<:$/55/<#:$/(:7/:
(8/7+#8:+<.+=+.6-77-:47-:50+:4$5E@"0701+-99):F-:<0?G(-6H:/6#-6(5:-#:#(/.6@#-6(5:
.C06=(/1-5:.-:5$+(+#6/7+#8:0<#:$(+5:7-:$/(#+:.C6#+7+5-(:6<-:?/I65@67-:$06(:.+5#+<16-(:7-:
5-<5:'0<./?-<#/7:-H$70(8:<0#/??-<#:./<5:7/:$"+7050$"+-:+<.+-<<-:-#:A6+:(-<=0+-:=-(5:
7/:(8/7+5/#+0<:.C6<-:6<+#8:.C6<:0(.(-:56$8(+-6(:./<5:7-A6-7:7-:50+:+<.+=+.6-7:-#:170G/7:5-:
@0<'0<.(/+-<#):
;-:Soi:/=-@:6<:2:?/I65@67-:4$/('0+5:/$$-78:J:=(/+:50+:K:06:J:20+:56$8(+-6(:K:$/(:
.+5#+<@#+0<:/=-@:7C-10D:06:J:50+:K:/=-@:6<:5:?+<65@67-9D:./<5:7C/@@-$#+0<:5$+(+#6-77-:.6:
#-(?-:-#:$/(#+@67+L(-?-<#:./<5:7-5:@06(/<#5:+5565:.6:M8./<#/:#-7:A6-:7CN.=/O#/:M8./<#/D:
.85+1<-:7C+.-<#+#8:$(-?+L(-:-#:67#+?-:.-:7C>#(-:PDQDR):
Qui!suis(je!?!
;-:20+:@0<5#+#6-:6<-:(8$0<5-:$(0$058-:$/(:@-(#/+<-5:#(/.+#+0<5:5$+(+#6-77-5:B:7/:A6-5#+0<:
J:S6+:56+5TI-:U:KV):F/<5:@-:@0<#-H#-D:7-:20+:<W-5#:$/5:@-76+:A6+:.+#:J:?0+:K:06:J:I-:K):;-:20+:
5-(/+#:7/:</#6(-:-55-<#+-77-:.-:7W>#(-:"6?/+<D:/6T.-7B:.-:7W-10):X7:5-(/+#:/655+:7-:$0<#:-<#(-:
7C"0??-:-#:F+-6D:J:$765:$-(50<<-7:A6-:F+-6:?/+5:$765:6<+=-(5-7:A6-:7C"0??-:KY):
Z-##-:.+5#+<@#+0<:-<#(-:$-#+#:50+:-#:1(/<.:20+D:-<#(-:</#6(-:$(0'0<.-:4$/('0+5:/$$-78-:
J:</#6(-:(8-77-:K9:-#:-10:-5#:6<:0GI-@#+':'0<./?-<#/7:.-5:A6>#-5:5$+(+#6-77-5:
#(/.+#+0<<-77-5:+556-5:.-:7/:$"+7050$"+-:+<.+-<<-:5-70<:7-5A6-77-5:<065:<-:5-(+0<5:$/5:
A6-:@-##-:$/(#+-:+<'+?-:-#:506''(/<#-:A6-:<065:$-(@-=0<5:.-:<065T?>?-5:%:7W-10):
[/+5:7-:@0<@-$#D:@06(/??-<#:6#+7+58:.-:<05:I06(5D:-#:/G50(G8:$/(:7-5:@06(/<#5:.6:\-*:
N1-]D:/:$0(#8:.W/6#(-5:<0?5:-#:5-:(/$$(0@"-:.W/6#(-5:@0<@-$#5:$"+7050$"+A6-5:$765:
/<@+-<5):
Synonymes!et!concepts!assimilés!
L’Âme!
;W^?-:-5#:6<:5E<0<E?-:.-:20+:%:
!"#"$%&'(%)*)+%",-&.)&/".0'+%)*,1&)./"%&-+$()+2-+%"%13%)"41&*)")$%/"$).1+"51(&-%)/".-"
$3,&6*)"&7-.'%7"2)"+1%&)"*1'8"90)$%":"().-",.3%;%"<30:"%13%)"*-+'4)$%-%'1+"27&'=7)"2)"
.0-44)(%'='%7"13"2)".0-(%'='%7"*)+%-.)"<30-,,-&%')+2&-'%"=&-'*)+%".)"+1*"20>*)8"?_:
La!Conscience!
;/:Z0<5@+-<@-:-5#:6<:/6#(-:5E<0<E?-:.-:20+:%:

!"##$%&&'()*+,+$-.+/)0(1&*+,+&20+345$+(+#6/7+#89:
Page 2 sur 11:
!"@-'A/"-*13&/"B7-%'%32)/"(1++-'$$-+()/"-+7-+%'$$)*)+%"23"*1'"-3"$)'+"2)".-"%13%)C
,3'$$-+%)"=7&'%7/"()$"*3.%',.)$"-44'&*-%'1+$"'$$3)$"23"+'=)-3",$D(E'<3)")A,&'*)+%"
$)3.)*)+%".-"&7,1+$)"2)$"41+(%'1+$"-44)(%'=)$")%"'+%)..)(%3)..)$"<30'&&-2')".-"(.-&%7"
-A'-.)8"F3-+%":".-"(1+$(')+()"7%-B.')")+"$1+"41D)&/")..)"+)",&)+2"-,,3'"+'"$3&"
.0-*13&/"+'"$3&".-",-'A"2)$"$)+$"13"2)".0'+%)..)(%8"51+"&GH+)")$%"-3C2).:"23"$'.)+()"
*6*)/",)&23":"+1%&)"&)H-&2"2-+$"3+)"'+%-+H'B.)",.7+'%32)8"?`:
L’Être!
;Ca#(-:-5#:6<:/6#(-:5E<0<E?-:.-:20+:%:
!"#"=&-'"2'&)/"'."+)",)3%"D"-=1'&"3+)"(1++-'$$-+()"-3%E)+%'<3)"<3)"2)".0'**3-B.)/"
*-'$"'('"$3I)%")%"1BI)%"()$$)+%"2)"$01,,1$)&")%"$)"&7$1&B)+%"2-+$".0'+2'='$'B.)"3+'%7"2)"
.0J%&)8"?b):
Le!Témoin!
cH$(-55+0<:'(8A6-<#-:./<5:7-5:d01/T5e#(/D:-77-:.85+1<-:7-:$(+<@+$-:@0<5@+-<#:/6T.-7B:.-:
7W/@#+=+#8:.6:?-<#/7):
!"9E-<3)"41'$"<3)"=13$"6%)$".01B$)&=-%)3&"2)"=1%&)"*)+%-./"=13$"27H-H)K"=1%&)"
(1+$(')+()"2)$"41&*)$"23"*)+%-.")%"()..)C('"2)=')+%"-.1&$"()"<301+"-,,)..)"
.01B$)&=-%)3&"13")+(1&)".)"%7*1'+8"@-&"(1+$7<3)+%/".)"%7*1'+"C"(1+$(')+()",3&)"-3C
2).:"2)"%13%)"41&*)"C"$)"&)+41&()")%".)$"7.-B1&-%'1+$"23"*)+%-."4-'B.'$$)+%8"?Pf):
La!Connaissance!de!soi!
g:7C+<5#/(:.6:J:Z0<</+5T#0+:#0+T?>?-:h:K:.-:20@(/#-D:7/:Z0<</+55/<@-:.-:50+:-5#:6<-:
@0<</+55/<@-:.C6<:#E$-:$/(#+@67+-(:./<5:7/:?-56(-:0i:7-:56I-#:@0<</+55/<#:-#:7C0GI-#:B:
@0<</j#(-:5CE:@0<'0<.-<#):N+<5+D:7C-H$8(+?-<#/#-6(:8#/G7+#:50<:@"/?$:.-:(-@"-(@"-5:./<5:
7-5:$(0'0<.-6(5:.-:5/:$(0$(-:$5E@"8:4$5E@"0701+-9:0i:+7:=/:-<#(-$(-<.(-:6<:#(/=/+7:.-:
.+5@-(<-?-<#:47-:#-(?-:k.+5@(+?+</#+0<k:-5#:$/('0+5:-?$70E8:/G65+=-?-<#9:-<#(-:@-:A6W+7:
k-5#k:(8-77-?-<#:-#:@-:A6W+7:@(0+#:>#(-):
!"L-+M3=&-+%"-=)("$13,.)$$)".)$"(1**-+2)$"2)"$)$",&1,&)$"41+(%'1+$",$D(E'<3)$/"
.0)A,7&'*)+%-%)3&"$)&-"$'*3.%-+7*)+%"N:
• O+"1B$)&=-%)3&")%"%7*1'+"'*,-&%'-./:
• O+"'+$%&3*)+%"2)"&)(E)&(E)/:
• P)"%)&&-'+"201B$)&=-%'1+8"?PP):
l<-:#-77-:.8?/(@"-:.-?/<.-(/+#:.C/G/<.0<<-(:7-5:$(8I6185:.-:#06#-5:50(#-5D:7-5:?0.-5:
.-:$-<5-(:'/?+7+-(5D:.C/G0(.-(:@"/A6-:+<5#/<#:.C6<-:?/<+L(-:<-6=-D:$06(:A6C/70(5:$6+55-:
m6=(-(:6<-:@0<5@+-<@-:0(+1+<-77-:J:+<@0<.+#+0<<8-:KD:=+-(1-:.-:#06#:.01?-:06:.W+.8-:
$(8@0<n6-):N6:#-(?-:.-:@-##-:A6>#-D:7C+<5#(6?-<#:.-:7/:(-@"-(@"-:-#:7-:#-((/+<:
.W0G5-(=/#+0<:5-:(850(G-(/+-<#:/70(5:-<:#0#/7+#8:./<5:7-:o8?0+<D:@-##-:(8/7+#8:
#(/<5@-<./<#/7-D:/6T.-7B:.-5:@/#810(+-5:.-:7C-5$/@-D:.6:#-?$5:-#:.-:7/:Z/65/7+#8):
S6-7A6-5:?8#"0.-5:50<#:$(0$058-5:B:@-#:-''-#):

!"##$%&&'()*+,+$-.+/)0(1&*+,+&20+345$+(+#6/7+#89:
Page 3 sur 11:
Les!méthodes!de!la!connaissance!de!Soi!
;-5:/$$(0@"-5:5$+(+#6-77-5:$(0$05-<#:18<8(/7-?-<#:.-5:-H-(@+@-5:.-:$6(+'+@/#+0<D:.-:
$(+L(-5D:.-:?8.+#/#+0<):
!"Q."+0)A'$%)",1'+%"2)",$D(E1%)(E+'<3)$"=7&'%-B.)$"(1+23'$-+%":".-".'B7&-%'1+"C"L1RS-8"
P-",$D(E7",)3%"6%&)"$13*'$)":"2)$",$D(E1%)(E+'<3)$"T"*-'$"()..)$C('"+)"(1+$%'%3)+%"
<303+",&7.32)/"3+)",E-$)",&7,-&-%1'&)"<3'".-"&)+2",.3$"&7(),%'=)")%",)&*7-B.)":".-"
=7&'%78"?PQ):
;-5:$5E@"0#-@"<+A6-5:-<:A6-5#+0<:<-:5-(/+-<#:$/5:/$#-5:B:@0<.6+(-:/6:20+:?/+5:
5W/=L(-(/+-<#:506=-<#:+<@0<#06(</G7-5:B:@/65-:.-:7/:@0<'65+0<:-#:.6:@0<.+#+0<<-?-<#:
A6+:(L1<-<#:./<5:7W-5$(+#:"6?/+<:-#:/$$0(#-<#:7-6(:70#:.-:506''(/<@-&$7/+5+(D:
.85+(&(8$675+0<D:=+07-<@-&@/7?-:(-7/#+'):Z-5:?8#"0.-5:5-(/+-<#:.0<@:k$(8$/(/#0+(-5kD:
-77-5:$-(?-##(/+-<#:6<:.85-<@0?G(-?-<#):
;/:(8=87/#+0<:.6:20+:-5#:$/('0+5:@0?$/(8-:B:7C-''-#:.W6<:+<#-((6$#-6(:87-@#(+A6-:%:7/:$+L@-:
A6+:8#/+#:./<5:7/:$8<0?G(-:-5#:506./+<-?-<#:-#:5/<5:#(/<5+#+0<:G/+1<8-:.-:76?+L(-):
!"P0)A,7&')+()".'B7&-%&'()"$)"$'%3-+%",-&C2).:".03.%'*)"4&1+%'G&)"2)".-",$D(E7"T")..)"+)"
,)3%")+"(1+$7<3)+()"(1*,1&%)&"+'"2)H&7$"13"%&-+$'%'1+$/"+'"-,,&1A'*-%'1+$8"U..)")$%"
13"+0)$%",-$8"?PR):
L’introspection!
;C+<#(05$-@#+0<:-5#:6<-:/$$(0@"-:A6+:@0<5+5#-:B:-H$70(-(:7-:*D$%G&)",)&$1++).:-#:7/:
?8@/<+A6-:?-<#/7-:/:$05#-(+0(+):Z-##-:8#6.-:/?L<-:7-:?-<#/7:B:5W/6#0T/</7E5-(:
(8#(0/@#+=-?-<#:p:@-##-:/@#+=+#8:.6:?-<#/7:<C-5#:.0<@:$/5:$-(n6-:$/(:6<:$(+<@+$-:
56$8(+-6(D:+<.8$-<./<#:-#:+??8.+/#):N+<5+:70(5A6-:2/+<#:N6165#+<:$(0$05-:%:!"V3".')3"
20-..)&"2)E1&$/"&)+%&)")+"%1'C*6*)"N"(0)$%"-3"(M3&"2)".0E1**)"<30E-B'%)".-"=7&'%78"?:
7W+<#(05$-@#+0<:@0<5#+#6-:6<:#06#:$(-?+-(:$(8/?G67-:$06(:$-(?-##(-:B:7/:$5E@"8:.-:5-:
@0<</j#(-:-77-T?>?-D:#06#:-<:(-5#/<#:G+-<:/=-(#+:.6:(+5A6-:.-:$/(#+/7+#8:A6W-<#(/+<-:7/:
$05+#+0<:.-:I61-:-#:$/(#+-:/55+1<8-:/6:?-<#/7):
Z-##-:$"/5-:+<#(05$-@#+=-D:A6+:@0<.6+#:<0#/??-<#:B:(-$8(-(:-<:50+:.-5:.858A6+7+G(-5D:<-:
$-6#:@-$-<./<#:@0<.6+(-:B:6<-:=8(+#/G7-:@0<</+55/<@-:.-:50+:A6-:5+:-77-:5C/@@0?$/1<-:
.C6<:#(/=/+7:.-:(88A6+7+G(/1-):o-7:-5#:7-:$0+<#:.-:=6-:-H$(+?8:$/(:q/"(/?:c7/"+:./<5:6<:
@"/$+#(-:A6C+7:@0<5/@(-:B:7/:@0<</+55/<@-:.-:50+PV:%:J:r06(:5-:@0<</j#(-D:0<:.0+#:
@0??-<@-(D:=+/:6<-:+<#(05$-@#+0<:(+106(-65-D:$06(:@0<</j#(-:7-5:.+''8(-<#-5:+<5#/<@-5:
A6+:@0<5#+#6-<#:<0#(-:$1'D:$6+5:(-$8(-(:@0??-<#:-77-5:5-:?/<+'-5#-<#:/6:<+=-/6:.-:<0#(-:
@0<5@+-<#):N6:'6(:-#:B:?-56(-:A6-:7C0<:$(-<.:@0<5@+-<@-:.-:<05:.858A6+7+G(-5:
@/(/@#8(+-75D:<0#(-:*1':.0+#:(8.6+(-:@-5:.858A6+7+G(-5:-<:+?$05/<#:5/:=070<#8):r06(:@-7/D:
+7:'/6#:.+5$05-(:.-:(-$L(-5:-#:.-:?0.L7-5:'+/G7-5D:-#:@/$#-(:7C/+.-:.+=+<-:.+(-@#-:48<-(1+-:
?8#/@/65/7-9:/'+<:.C0G#-<+(:6<:(8567#/#:.8'+<+#+':K):ZC-5#:.+(-:A6-:7-:#(/=/+7:.-:
@0<</+55/<@-:.-:50+:=/:.-:$/+(:/=-@:6<:#(/=/+7:.-:#(/<5'0(?/#+0<:.-:50+D:6<:-''0(#:$06(:
?/j#(+5-(:-<:50+:7-5:.858A6+7+G(-5:06:.8'/6#5:@/(/@#8(+-75:%:.-5:.858A6+7+G(-5:A6+:<065:
@0<.6+5-<#:B:<6+(-:/6H:/6#(-5:-#:<065:?/+<#+-<<-<#:./<5:6<-:+1<0(/<@-:.-:<0#(-:</#6(-:
=8(+#/G7-):

!"##$%&&'()*+,+$-.+/)0(1&*+,+&20+345$+(+#6/7+#89:
Page 4 sur 11:
Le!rappel!de!soi!
;/:Z0<</+55/<@-:.-:50+:$-6#:5-:'0<.-(:56(:@-:A6+:-5#:$/('0+5:/$$-78:k.)"&-,,)."2)"$1'kPY:#-7:
A6-:7C-<5-+1</+#:s6(.I+-''D:$/(:-H-?$7-):s6(.I+-'':/''+(?-:A6-:7C"0??-:-5#:-<.0(?+:-#:=+#:
./<5:6<:6<+=-(5:+77650+(-:.-:50<1-5D:5-:@(0E/<#:7+G(-:-#:$-<5/<#D:A6C+7:(-$(85-<#-:7-:
50??-#:.-:7/:@(8/#+0<D:/70(5:A6C-<:(8/7+#8D:#-7:A6C+7:-5#D:+7:<C-5#:A6C6<:-5@7/=-:$(+50<<+-(:-#:
+<@0<5@+-<#):[/+5:7C"0??-:/6(/+#:$0#-<#+-77-?-<#:7/:$055+G+7+#8:.-:@-55-(:.C>#(-:6<-:
?/@"+<-D:.-:5-:(8=-+77-(D:.-:(-@06=(-(:6<:8#/#:.C-5$(+#:5/+<:-#:.-:5C8=/.-(:.-:7/:$(+50<:-#:
.-:50<:-5@7/=/1-):c<:$(-?+-(:7+-6D:+7:76+:'/6.(/+#:(8/7+5-(:/6T.-7B:.-:#06#:.06#-D:A6C+7:<C-5#:
$/5:7+G(-):c#:+7:76+:'/6.(/+#:$0558.-(:7-:.85+(:+?$8(+-6H:.-:5C8@"/$$-(:-#:.-:(-@06=(-(:5/:
7+G-(#8:B:<C+?$0(#-:A6-7:$(+HP]):X7:5C/1+(/+#:/70(5:.-:5-:.0<<-(:.-5:(-<.-tT=065:5-70<:.-5:
/@#-5D:.-5:7+-6H:06:.-5:"-6(-5:$(8@+5-5:$06(:5C-''0(@-(:.C>#(-:@0<5@+-<#:.-:5-5:/@#-5):Z-5:
(-<.-tT=065D:(8655+5:@0??-:?/<A685D:$-(?-##(/+-<#:A6/<#+#8:.-:.8@06=-(#-5:56(:7/:
?/<+L(-:.C/1+(:06:.-:(8/1+():F-5:$/<5:+?$0(#/<#5:.-:7/:$-(50<</7+#8:$06((/+-<#:>#(-:
-H$70(85D:?/+5:+7:56G5+5#-(/+#:7-5:$(0G7L?-5:.-:7/:(8+#8(/#+0<:?-<8-:$/(:7/:=070<#8:-#:.-:
7/:$-($8#6/#+0<:.C6<:?/<A6-:.-:5$0<#/<8+#8):
L'observation!de!soi!
u(+5"</?6(#+:8=0A6/+#:7/:'(/1?-<#/#+0<:.-:7C>#(-:"6?/+<P_):Z-5:k'(/1?-<#5k:50<#:.-5:
(v7-5:A6-:7C-10:-?$(6<#-:7-:#-?$5:.C6<-:/''+(?/#+0<:.-:50<:/6#0(+#8):r06(:5-:@0<</j#(-D:
u(+5</?6(#+:+<=+#/+#:B:0G5-(=-(:7/:56@@-55+0<D:$/('0+5:+<@0"8(-<#-D:.-5:.+''8(-<#5:
J:'(/1?-<#5:KD:?-##/<#:/+<5+:7C/@@-<#:56(:7/:<0#+0<:.C0G5-(=/#+0<:P`):l<:$(-?+-(:<+=-/6:
878?-<#/+(-:.-:7C0G5-(=/#+0<:$0(#-:56(:7C0GI-#:$-(n6:4#(/+#:.-:@/(/@#L(-D:(06#+<-5D:
5+#6/#+0<9D:$6+5:67#+?-?-<#:56(:7-:$(+<@+$-:?>?-:.-:7C0G5-(=/#+0<:./<5:7C+<5#/<#:$(85-<#:
B:5/=0+(:%:7/:$7-+<-:@0<5@+-<@-:4<+=-/6D:/7#8(/#+0<9):
;/:@0<</+55/<@-:.-:50+:$-(?-##(/+#:.-:$(-<.(-:@0<5@+-<@-:.-5:"/G+#5:.0<#:7C-10:/+?-:5-:
$/(-(D:.-:7/:.6/7+#8:.-:$05+#+0<5:+<@0<@+7+/G7-5D:.-5:"/G+#6.-5D:.-5:0GI-#5:@0<@(-#5:.6:
?0<.-:?/#8(+-7:?/+5:/655+:.-5:0GI-#5:56G#+75:#-75:A6-:7-5:$-<58-5D:7-5:8?0#+0<5:-#:7-5:
$-(@-$#+0<5):
w+</7-?-<#:7/:@0<</+55/<@-:.-:50+:5-(/+#:6<-:$(8$/(/#+0<:B:7/:(8=87/#+0<:.6:20+D:@/(:-77-:
/6(/+#:7-:$06=0+(:.-:(8=87-(:#06#:@-:A6+:-5#:@0<</+55/G7-D:-77-:.+''L(-(/+#:
'0<./?-<#/7-?-<#:.W6<-:"E$0#"8#+A6-:@0<</+55/<@-:du:20+D:@/(:7-:20+:<W-5#:$/5:
@0<</+55/G7-D:+7:5-:=+#):N+<5+:5-:#(/@-:7/:'(0<#+L(-:@7/55+A6-:./<5:7/:#(/.+#+0<:1(-@A6-:-<#(-:
<06?L<-:-#:$"8<0?L<-:-#:$/(:/</701+-:./<5:7/:#(/.+#+0<:+<.+-<<-:%:-<#(-:r6(6x/:-#:
r(/,y#+D:56I-#:@0<</+55/<#:-#:0GI-#:.-:@0<</+55/<@-D:Z0<5@+-<@-:-#:0GI-#:A6+:5-:?/<+'-5#-:
B:7/:Z0<5@+-<@-):
Les!confusions!possibles!
Les!illusions!
X7:-H+5#-:.-5:8#/#5:?0.+'+85:.-:@0<5@+-<@-:A6+:0<#:7C/$$/(-<@-:.-:7/:A6+8#6.-:'/5@+</<#-:
.6:20+:?/+5:<-:5-(/+-<#:506=-<#:A6C6<-:5/=06(-65-:8=/5+0<):

!"##$%&&'()*+,+$-.+/)0(1&*+,+&20+345$+(+#6/7+#89:
Page 5 sur 11:
!"Q+%7&')3&)*)+%/"'."$)"&)%&-+(E)"2-+$"3+)"I13'$$-+()"$,'&'%3)..)"<3'"&)$$)*B.)"41&%":"
3+)"+-&(1$)",&141+2)"T"'."$0D"(1*,.-W%")%"&)(E)&(E)"-&2)**)+%":"+13=)-3"2)"%)..)$"
!")A,7&')+()$?8"?Pb):
Le!mental!pris!pour!le!Soi!
;0(5A6-:7/:$-<58-:(/#+0<<-77-:-#:5/:'0(@-:.-:$(0I-@#+0<:.-=+-<<-<#:7-5:5-675:?0E-<5:
.W/$$(0@"-:p:7-5:#-H#-5:/<@+-<5:A6+:.8@(+=-<#:7-:20+:.-=+-<<-<#:.W6<:850#8(+5?-:
+?$8<8#(/G7-:-#:(8G/(G/#+'D:@/(:7-:20+:<-:$06((/+#:$/5:>#(-:$-<58):r06(:/+<5+:.+(-D:
'0<@#+0<</<#:$(+<@+$/7-?-<#:$/(:7/:(/+50<D:<065:-<:=-<0<5:/:5065T-5#+?-(:<05:/6#(-5:
'/@67#85:?-<#/7-5D:-#:B:=0+(:<0#(-:@01+#0:@0??-:7/:#0#/7+#8:.-:<0#(-:@0<5@+-<@-):
;W+<#-77+1-<@-:$-(@-$#+G7-:B:7W8#/#:$6(:/=/<#:7/:'0(?67/#+0<:70(5A6W-77-:<W-5#:$/5:
@0<'0<.6-:/=-@:5/:#(/.6@#+0<:5065:'0(?-:.-:$-<58-D:@0((-5$0<.(/+#:B:@-#:/$"0(+5?-:%:
!"P)"51'")$%"3+'<3)*)+%"(1+$(')+()")%"2X3+)",3&)%7"%1%-.)")%"'+-.%7&-B.)/"B')+"<3X'."
,)&Y1'=)":"%&-=)&$".)$"(1+%)+3$"23"*)+%-.8"?Qf):
Z-##-:@0<'65+0<:<W-5#:$/5:5/<5:@0<58A6-<@-:%:
!"C"P)$",&1B.G*)$"23"*)+%-."+)",)3=)+%",-$"$)"&7$132&)"$3&".)",.-+"23"*)+%-.8"?:
J:T:;-:?-<#/7:<C-5#:$/5:.E5'0<@#+0<<-7:-<:76+T?>?-D:@C-5#:6<:06#+7:?-(=-+77-6H):;-:
.E5'0<@#+0<<-?-<#:5C+<5#/77-:A6/<.:=065:E:@"-(@"-t:=0#(-:?0+:-#:A6-:=065:7-:
$(-<-t:$06(:=065):X7:.-=+-<#:/70(5:7C-10:-#:$(-<.:#0#/7-?-<#:7-:@0<#(v7-:.-:=0#(-:
=+-):KZ[8:
La!dualité!
!"P)$"%)&*)$"-+%'%E7%'<3)$"$1+%"4)&*)*)+%",1$7$8"P01B$)&=-%)3&"2)".)3&"I)3"+0)$%"
I-*-'$",&'$"-3",'GH)"203+)",)+$7)"23-.'$%'<3)8"P-"=1')")$%"13=)&%)"2)=-+%".07.-+"<3'"
,1&%)&-".)"2'-.)(%'(')+"2)"&3,%3&)$")+"&3,%3&)$"2)"+'=)-3A"I3$<30:"()%%)"7='2)+()"
%&-+$()+2-+%)")%"!"-+ED,1%E7%'<3)"?"<3'"$)"$344'%":")..)C*6*)")%"1\"%13%)",-&1.)"
$07%)'+%8"?XXZZ8:
L’ego!
F/<5:5-5:.8G6#5D:7/:A6>#-:.6:20+:$06((/+#:5C/@@0??0.-(:.-:@0?$(0?+5:06:.-:
<810@+/#+0<5D:?/+5:70(5A6W-77-:.-=+-<.(/+#:7W/H-:$(+<@+$/7:.-:7W/@@0?$7+55-?-<#:.W6<-:=+-D:
-77-:5-:#(/<5'0(?-(/+#:-<:6<-:/5@L5-:$(>#-:B:(0?$(-:/=-@:#065:7-5:/##/@"-?-<#5:%:
$06=0+(D:$6+55/<@-D:/(1-<#D:(-<0??8-D:58.6@#+0<D:5-<56/7+#8D:#06#:@-:A6+:-<#(-#+-<#:7/:
56(=+-:.-:7W0(16-+7:-#:$-($8#6-:7W/1+#/#+0<:.6:?-<#/7:.-=(/+#:5-:.+5506.(-:./<5:7C8@7/+(/1-:
.-:7/:.+5@(+?+</#+0<):
!"]-+%"<3)",)&$'$%)".)"$)+$"23"*1'"'+2'='23)."C"4^%C'."(-*134.7"13"&)413.7"$3&"3+"
+'=)-3"2)".-%)+()"C".0-$$)&='$$)*)+%"2)*)3&)"T".-"(1+$(')+()/"(-,%'=)"2)"$)$",&1,&)$"
'..3$'1+$")%"2)"$)$"(&7-%'1+$"*)+%-.)$/")$%"$13*'$)"-3A".1'$"1&2'+-'&)$"2)".0)H18"?PR):
N+<5+:7-5:d01/:56#(/5:.0<<-<#:6<-:.8'+<+#+0<:7/@0<+A6-:.-:7W-10:%: