Article Miran-Oyewolé (HAL-S... - Hal-SHS

Cˆote d’Ivoire, un islam d’expression fran¸caise `a la fois
tangible et restreint
Marie Miran-Guyon, Nurudine Oyewol´e
To cite this version:
Marie Miran-Guyon, Nurudine Oyewol´e. Cˆote d’Ivoire, un islam d’expression fran¸caise `a la
fois tangible et restreint. Histoire, Monde et Cultures religieuses, Karthala, 2015, Religiosit´es
musulmanes dans le monde francophone, 36, pp.141-158. . .
HAL Id: halshs-01381783
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01381783v2
Submitted on 23 Feb 2017
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-
entific research documents, whether they are pub-
lished or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destin´ee au d´epˆot et `a la diffusion de documents
scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´es ou non,
´emanant des ´etablissements d’enseignement et de
recherche fran¸cais ou ´etrangers, des laboratoires
publics ou priv´es.

141
DossierHistoire, Monde & Cultures religieuses N° 36 décembre 2015
Côted’Ivoire,
un islam d’expression française
à la fois tangible et restreint
Marie Miran-Guyon
Ehess, Psl, Institut des mondes africains
Nurudine Oyewolé
[4#&24+"5"&#-4#&+2'%',($#('11B"5'+$?#*2+&B#*5+#4"#(246$($"&#-$#
©UHYLYDOLVPHPRGpUpªI?#1$#8+5"@5'%#5**5+4&#$"#G^&$#-<e62'+$#
92(($#4"$#"246$11$#15"=4$#-$#1<'%15(?#"2"#:B=B(2"';4$#(5'%#
LQÀXHQWH (Q WpPRLJQH OH ODQFHPHQW HQ  j *UDQG%DVVDP GX
G2112;4$#'"&$+"5&'2"51#-$%#(4%41(5"%#-$#1<$%*59$#8+5"92*:2"$#C%'4,"
G$&# 5+&'91$# '"&$++2=$# 1<B6214&'2"# -$%# 82+($%# -$# 1<'%15(# '62'+'$"#
-<$A*+$%%'2"# 8+5"@5'%$# -$*4'%# 1$4+# B($+=$"9$# -5"%# 1$%# 5""B$%# IlrH?#
56$9# 4"$# $(*:5%$# %4+# 1$%# ;4'"N$# -$+"',+$%# 5""B$%?# 92"&$(*2+5'"$%#
-$# &24+($"&$%# *21'&';4$%?# %29'51$%# $&# +$1'='$4%$%# 575"&# 82+&$($"&#
588$9&B?#)#1<'"%&5+#-4#92+*%#"5&'2"51?#15#92((4"54&B#$&#1$%#-7"5(';4$%#
LQWHOOHFWXHOOHV LVODPLTXHV /¶DUWLFOH SURSRVH O¶K\SRWKqVH KHXULVWLTXH
-<4"#'%15(#24#-<4"$#'%15('&B#8+5"92*:2"$#)#-2431$#$"&$"&$#b#)#15#82'%#
&5"='31$#*5+#%5#6'%'3'1'&B#9+2'%%5"&$?#"2&5(($"&#-5"%#1<$%*59$#*431'9?#$&#
 /¶H[SUHVVLRQ ©moderate- revivalists-ª HVW GH .DQH2XVPDQH @&+,?# m#d2-$+5&$#
5HYLYDOLVWV,VODPLF5RDGVLQ6XE6DKDUDQ$IULFDª+DUYDUG,QWHUQDWLRQDO5HYLHZ?#.HHr?#.l?#.?#
S3RXUXQHKLVWRLUHGXUHYLYDOLVPHLVODPLTXHLYRLULHQFI0DULH4'#&+?#Islam,-histoire-
HW PRGHUQLWp HQ &{WHG¶,YRLUH 3DULV .DUWKDOD  6XU O¶LPSRUWDQFH GX IUDQoDLV GDQV OHV
FRPPXQDXWpVPXVXOPDQHVGXJROIHGH*XLQpHFI0DULH4'#&+?#m#K<[3'-M5"#)#W2+&2Qh262#b#
5%%29'5&'2"%# '%15(';4$%?# 941&4+$# +$1'='$4%$# +B82+('%&$# $&# &+5"%"5&'2"51'%($# %4+# 15# 9^&$# -$#
*XLQpHªGDQV/DXUHQW"6!#%8&#(?#["-+B#4&#)#$&#c$"B#67&),@pGEntreprises-religieuses-
WUDQVQDWLRQDOHVHQ$IULTXHGHO¶2XHVW3DULV,EDGDQ.DUWKDOD,)5$S

Marie Miran-Guyon & Nurudine oyewolé
142
+$%&+$'"&#*5+#1$%#92"&+5'"&$%#;4'#$"#1'('&$"&#1<4%5=$#-5"%#-'6$+%#92"&$A&$%?#
ORFDX[ LQWLPHV HW pFULWV 3RXU FHUQHU FHV DPELYDOHQFHV O¶DSSURFKH
(B&:2-212=';4$#*+'6'1B='$#1$%#;4$%&'2""$($"&%#*14&^&#;4$#1$%#5"517%$%#
FDWpJRULTXHV/DGpPDUFKHHVWGDYDQWDJHpFODWpHTXHFRQFOXDQWH(OOH
WUDYHUVHOHVpFKHOOHVGXSOXVJpQpUDODXSOXVVLQJXOLHU(OOHFRQVLGqUH
O¶DFWLYLWp UKpWRULTXH WRXW DXWDQW TXH O¶HPSLULTXH (OOH FRQIURQWH DXVVL
1$#+$=5+-#-<4"#('1'&5"&#$&#'"&$11$9&4$1#(4%41(5"#'62'+'$"#$&#9$14'#-<4"$#
9:$+9:$4%$#$"#%9'$"9$%#%29'51$%?#-5"%#1<'-B$#;4$#9$%#$"&+$9+2'%$($"&%#-$#
*$+%*$9&'6$#*4'%%$"&#$"+'9:'+#$&#"45"9$+#1$%#*+2*2%.
De l’importance du français dans la vie musulmane ivoirienne:
retour sur l’histoire
K$*4'%# 1$# ('1'$4# -$%# 5""B$%#IlrH?# 4"$# +B6214&'2"# %'1$"9'$4%$# 5#
1$"&$($"&# (5'%# -4+531$($"&# &+5"%82+(B# 1$# *57%5=$# -$# 1<'%15(# $"#
G^&$#-<e62'+$L /RQJWHPSV ODLVVpH DX[ PDLQV GHV PDvWUHV FRUDQLTXHV
$&#-$%#*+B-'95&$4+%#&+5-'&'2""$1%?#1<5"'(5&'2"#-$#15#6'$#92((4"54&5'+$#
IXWSURJUHVVLYHPHQWUHOD\pHSDUGHVDFWHXUVG¶XQJHQUHQRXYHDX/HXU
SUR¿OpWDLWGRXEOHG¶XQHSDUWGHMHXQHVDUDELVDQWVGHUHWRXUGHOHXUV
5""B$%# -<B&4-$%# *5%%B$%# 54# d27$"Q!+'$"&#]# -$# 1<54&+$?# -$%# B1,6$%# $&#
pWXGLDQWVPXVXOPDQVIUDQFRSKRQHVLVVXVGHO¶pFROHODwTXHRI¿FLHOOH&HV
-$+"'$+%?#'"%*'+B%#*5+#1$4+%#:2(212=4$%#9:+B&'$"%?#95&:21';4$%#%4+&24&?#
9:$+9:5'$"&#)#%<2+=5"'%$+#*24+#('$4A#92""5O&+$#1$4+#+$1'='2"#$&#=4'-$+#
OHXUYLHVSLULWXHOOH$XGpSDUWFKDFXQGHVGHX[JURXSHVUHQFRQWUDGHV
pFXHLOVVXUOHFKHPLQGHOHXUVDPELWLRQV/HVMHXQHVDUDELVDQWVHXUHQW
*$'"$# )# -'884%$+# 1$4+# -'%924+%# +B82+(5&$4+# -5"%# 1$# ('1'$4# &+5-'&'2""$1#
H[LVWDQW2UFHGHUQLHUSRUWHXUGHGLVFRXUVSHXV\QWRQHVDYHFOHPRGH
-$#+5'%2""$($"&#95+&B%'$"#-'%*$"%B#)#1<B921$#299'-$"&51$?#"$#%5&'%85'%5'&#
SDV OHV DWWHQWHV GHV pOqYHV HW pWXGLDQWV PXVXOPDQV 'H OD UHQFRQWUH
$"&+$#5+53'%5"&%#$&#B1,6$%#$&#B&4-'5"&%#8+5"92*:2"$%#"5;4'&#4"$#6'%'2"#
"246$11$#-$#1<2+=5"'%5&'2"#-4#&+565'1#'%15(';4$#$"#G^&$#-<e62'+$?#-2"&#15#
SUppPLQHQFHVHFRQ¿UPDDX¿OGHVGpFHQQLHV
&HWWH FRQÀXHQFH G¶pQHUJLHV HQJHQGUD WURLV PXWDWLRQV
IRQGDPHQWDOHV3UHPLqUHPHQWODIRUPHGXGLVFRXUVUHOLJLHX[pYROXD
GHPDQLqUHVSHFWDFXODLUH$X[DQWLSRGHVGHVVFKpPDVWUDGLWLRQQHOV
+'='-$%?#15#"246$11$#85@2"#-<532+-$+#1$%#%4M$&%#'%15(';4$%#B&5'&#(5+;4B$#
*5+#1$#%249'#*$+(5"$"&#-$#*+$"-+$#$"#92(*&$#1$#6B94#;42&'-'$"#$&#-$#
GpFRPSOH[HUGHV¿GqOHVTXLVHVHQWDLHQWHQIHUPpVGDQVXQHWUDGLWLRQ
 3RXU XQ pFODLUDJH SROLWLTXH HW UHOLJLHX[ GH OD SpULRGH  FI
d5+'$#4'#&+C3!)6+?#*XHUUHVP\VWLTXHVHQ&{WHG¶,YRLUH5HOLJLRQSDWULRWLVPHYLROHQFH
?#W5+'%?#x5+&:515?#.HI/#]#$&#h4+4-'"$#6),F6>5?#&{WHG¶,YRLUH'H
ODUHIRQGDWLRQjODGpVLOOXVLRQjSDUDvWUH
6XUODWKpPDWLTXHGHFHWWHUpYROXWLRQGLVFUqWHDX[DQWLSRGHVG¶XQHUpYROXWLRQUDGLFDOH
HWWDSDJHXVHFI0DULH4'#&+?#m#9HUVXQQRXYHDXSURVpO\WLVPHLVODPLTXHHQ&{WHG¶,YRLUH
4"$#+B6214&'2"#-'%9+,&$ª$XWUHSDUWS

143
Côted’Ivoire, un islam d’expression française à la fois tangible et restreint
HQGpSKDVDJHDYHFODPRGHUQLWpVRFLDOHLYRLULHQQH'HX[LqPHPHQW
15#15"=4$#6B:'9415'+$#5-2*&B$?#M4%;4<512+%#6$+"59415'+$#V#1$#(51'"ZB#
92((4"B($"&# 5**$1B# 1$# -'2415# V# 9B-5# 1$# *5%# 54# 8+5"@5'%?# '-'2($#
GHUpIpUHQFHGHODSRSXODWLRQPXVXOPDQHFLEOpHFLWDGLQHHWOHWWUpH
7URLVLqPHPHQWOHFDGUHHWOHVPpWKRGHVGHWUDYDLOHWGHUpÀH[LRQ
LVODPLTXHV IXUHQW UHFRQ¿JXUpV VXU OH PRGqOH GHV RUJDQLVDWLRQV
-$# &7*$# (2-$+"$?# '%%4$%# -4# (5"5=$($"&# -$%# 2+=5"'%5&'2"%# $&y24#
GHVVWUXFWXUHVpWDWLTXHV
U'#1$%#92((4"54&B%#&+5-'&'2""$11$%#B&5'$"&#=B"B+51$($"&#-'+'=B$%#
*5+#-$%#9:$8%#+$1'='$4A#9:5+'%(5&';4$%#%4+#-$%#35%$%#+B='2"51$%#24#
$&:"';4$%?#1$%#(246$($"&%#5%%29'5&'8%#9:$+9:,+$"&#)#%$#-B(29+5&'%$+#
HQVHGRWDQWGHQRXYHOOHVVWUXFWXUHVKLpUDUFKLTXHV(QOHXUVHLQOHV
*2%&$%#B&5'$"&#C$"#*+'"9'*$J#5&&+'34B%#%4+#15#35%$#-$%#92(*B&$"9$%?#
VDQVWHQLUFRPSWHGHO¶HWKQLHGHODUpJLRQRXGHODQDWLRQDOLWp/H
FKDULVPH LQGLYLGXHO IXW GRXEOp GX VRXFL GH O¶HI¿FDFLWp FROOHFWLYH
DYHFSRXUPDvWUHPRWVSODQL¿FDWLRQH[pFXWLRQVXLYLHWpYDOXDWLRQ
[4# &24+"5"&# -$%# 5""B$%# IllH?# 1$# *5"2+5(5# 2+=5"'%5&'2""$1# -$#
O¶LVODP DYDLW DLQVL UDGLFDOHPHQW FKDQJp HQ &{WH G¶,YRLUH 7RXWHV
1$%# %&+49&4+$%# -4# 9:5(*# '%15(';4$?# %5"%# $A9$*&'2"?# 82"9&'2""5'$"&#
GpVRUPDLVVXUOHVEDVHVSUpFLWpHV3DUODVXLWHODODQJXHIUDQoDLVH
56$9#%5#941&4+$#$&#%2"#%562'+Q85'+$?#*+'&#-$#1<5%9$"-5"&#-5"%#15#92"-4'&$#
-$%# *+B-'95&'2"%# $&# *14%# 15+=$($"&# -5"%# 15# 6'$# -$%# (4%41(5"%#
HQ&{WHG¶,YRLUH
G$&&$# '(*2+&5"9$# -4# 8+5"@5'%# %$# "2&5'&# 54# "'6$54# -4# 9:2'A# -$%#
OHDGHUVDVVRFLDWLIV&HX[TXLRQWpPHUJpVXUODVFqQHQDWLRQDOHDYDLHQW
VXV¶DGDSWHUDX[UpDOLWpV PRGHUQHV &HUWDLQV OHDGHUV DUDERSKRQHV
854&$#-$#(5O&+'%$+#1$#8+5"@5'%?#"$#*4+$"&#-B6$12**$+#-$#"2&2+'B&B#54&+$#
,PDJHORJRVXUWLVVXSRXUOHVDQVGHO¶$VVRFLDWLRQGHVpOqYHVHWpWXGLDQWV
PXVXOPDQVGH&{WHG¶,YRLUH$((0&,SUHPLqUHDVVRFLDWLRQUHYLYDOLVWHGXSD\V
,PDJH([HPSOHGHFDUWHGHPHPEUHGHO¶$((0&,-
'DJQRJRpWDLWDORUVSUpVLGHQWGHO¶DVVRFLDWLRQ
3KRWRVGH0DULH0LUDQ*X\RQ