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Abstract
Background: As of 2015, 65 countries have introduced HPV vaccination programmes.
Mathematical models have played a key role in the implementation of these programmes.
Objectives: We conducted a systematic review and pooled-analysis of model predictions of
population-level effectiveness of HPV vaccination against HPV-16/18/6/11 infection in
women and men, to examine the robustness/variability of predicted populationnal effects,
incremental benefit of vaccinating boys, and potential for HPV vaccine-type elimination.
Methods: We searched Medline and Embase (2009-2015) for transmission-dynamic
modeling studies predicting the population-level impact of vaccination on HPV-16/18/6/11
infections among women and men in high-income countries. Participating modeling teams
produced predictions for 19 standardized scenarios. We derived pooled relative reduction in
HPV prevalence (RRprev) 70 years after vaccination, using the median (10th;90thpercentile)
of model predictions. Strategies investigated were Girls-Only and Girls&Boys vaccination
at 12 years of age.
Findings: 16/19 eligible models, from ten high-income countries provided predictions.
With 40% Girls-Only vaccination coverage, HPV-16 RRprev among women and men was
53%(46%;68%) and 36%(28%;61%), respectively. With 80% Girls-Only vaccination
coverage, HPV-16 RRprev among women and men was 93%(90%;100%) and
83%(75%;100%), respectively. Vaccinating boys in addition to girls increased HPV-16
RRprev among women and men by 18%(13%;32%) and 35%(27%;39%) for 40% coverage,
and 7%(0%;10%) and 16%(1%;25%) for 80% coverage, respectively. RRprev were greater
for HPV-18/6/11 than HPV-16 for all scenarios. Finally at 80% coverage, most models
predicted that Girls&Boys vaccination would eliminate HPV-16/18/6/11, with a median
RRprev of 100% for women and men for all types.
Interpretation: Although HPV models differ in structure, data used for calibration and
setting, population-level predictions were generally concordant: 1) strong herd effects from