French 101
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French 1101 Chapitre Un Grammaire 1 Pour parler de nos activités Les verbes du premier groupe en -er / Le pronom sujet on / La négation / Les pronoms disjoints Les verbes du premier groupe en -er Verbs in French are grouped according to the ending of their infinitive. In Vocabulaire 1 of this chapter, you learned the meaning of several -er verbs. Now you will learn the different forms of the verbs in this group. Pronoms sujets - French Subject Pronouns The subject of a sentence is the person or thing which performs the action. Subject pronouns replace this person or thing. You must understand subject pronouns before you begin conjugating verbs, as the form of verbs changes for each one. Les Pronoms sujets 1st person Singular je I Plural nous we 2nd person tu you vous you 3rd person il he,it elle she,it on one ils they elles they Regular -ER Verbs Les verbes du premier groupe: Aimer to like or to love Arriver to arrive or to happen Chanter to sing Chercher to look for Danser to dance Demander to ask for Détester to hate Donner to give Écouter to listen to Étudier to study Jouer to play manger* to eat nager* to swim Parler to talk or to speak Regarder to watch or to look at Rêver to dream Skier to ski Travailler to work Trouver to find Visiter to visit (a place) The verb form that ends in -er is called the infinitive (in English, the infinitive is the verb preceded by the word "to"). -er is the infinitive ending. The verb without the -er is called the stem or radical. To conjugate an -er verb, remove the infinitive ending and then add the appropriate endings, as follows: Singular Plural 1st person je -e nous -ons 2nd person tu -es vous -ez 3rd person il -e ils -ent Parler: Je parle nous parlons Tu parles vous parlez Il parle ils parlent While -er verbs have five different written forms (the forms for je, il/elle/on and Ils/elles are identical), there are only three distinguishable spoken forms: 1) travaille / travailles / travaillent (same pronunciation) 2) travaillons and 3) travaillez In English, the present tense can be expressed in three ways. In French, these meanings are expressed with a single verb. Examples: Nous parlons français en classe. Elle regarde souvent la télé. Nous mangeons souvent au resto. Les étudiants travaillent bien. Vous étudiez tout le temps. Tu voyages rarement en groupe. Je nage le matin Sometimes two verbs can be used together to express an idea. In these cases, the first verb is conjugated and the second verb is in the infinitive form. Some common verbs that can be followed by an infinitive are adorer, aimer, aimer mieux, and détester. – J’aime étudier le français. I like to study French. – Nous détestons danser. We hate to dance. Opinions: – Using the cues provided, tell what you like or dislike doing and tell why by using these adjectives: – Exemple: français/facile J’aime étudier le français. Je trouve ça facile. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Regarder/ intéressant Histoire/ ennuyeux Voyager/ agréable Maths/ difficile Anglais/ facile Campus/ agréable Travailler/ désagréable La Forme Négative Subject + ne + verb + pas Je ne parle pas anglais. Il n’aime pas les sports. Subject + ne + verb + jamais Nous ne regardons jamais la télé. Les pronoms disjoints You have already learned subject pronouns in French (je, tu, il, nous, etc). Another category of pronouns is called les pronoms disjoints (stressed pronouns). Les pronoms disjoints are used after prepositions and conjunctions such as et, mais (but), à or de. – Alex et toi, vous étudiez ce soir? Alex and you, you’re studying tonight? – Coralie est française mais pas moi. Coralie is French but not me. – Moi, je suis américaine. Me, I’m American. – Je pense beaucoup à elles. I think about them (fem. pl.) a lot. Stressed pronouns are also used after c’est and ce sont. – C’est Marc? Oui, c’est lui. – Ce sont M. et Mme Tremblay? Oui, ce sont eux. Grammaire 2 Pour donner des descriptions Les adverbes / Les adjectifs irréguliers Les adverbes You have already encountered some adverbs in Chapitre préliminaire. You will see them again in this chapter plus additional adverbs that will help you be more precise when giving descriptions and talking about activities. Adverbs of intensity Adverbs of Frequency Adjective Agreement NOUN GENDER ? Masculine feminine number? number? Singular plural singular plural Singular un homme riche fatigué blond sportif heureux intellectuel français italien Link plural des hommes riches fatigués blonds sportifs heureux intellectuels français italiens singular une femme riche fatiguée blonde sportive heureuse intellectuelle française italienne plural des femmes riches fatiguées blondes sportives heureuses intellectuelles françaises italiennes Les adjectifs irréguliers Les adjectifs irréguliers La Forme Interogative Intonation: Tu regardes la télé? Est-ce que: Est-ce que tu regardes la télé? N’est-ce pas?: Tu regardes la télé n’est-ce pas? L’heure 12 Time - L'Heure 11 11 2 10 9 3 4 8 5 7 6 Quelle heure est-il? Grammaire 3 Pour parler de nos horaires et de nos possessions Le verbe avoir Le verbe avoir Avoir is an irregular verb that is used to express possession. You have already seen some of the forms of this verb in the Chapitre préliminaire and this chapter. Here are all the forms of the present tense of avoir. Le verbe avoir Exemples Nous avons un cours de français à 10 heures. – We have a French class at 10 o’clock. Est-ce que tu as un stylo? – Do you have a pen? J’ai un cours le mardi et le jeudi. – I have a class Tuesdays and Thursdays Le verbe avoir The indefinite articles un, une, and des becomes de (d’ before a vowel sound) in negative sentences with avoir as well as with many other verbs. Tu as une calculatrice? – Do you have a calculator? Je n’ai pas de calculatrice. – I don’t have a calculator. Anne a un ordinateur. – Anne has a computer. Le verbe avoir The definite article (le, la, l’, les) does not change in negative sentences. Vous avez le livre de biologie? – Do you have the biology book? Non, je n’ai pas le livre. – Non, I don’t have the book. Avoir is also used to express age. J’ai 18 ans. – I am 18 years old. Ils ont 21 ans. – They are 21 years old. Le verbe avoir Many common expressions in French also use the verb avoir. Exemples: J’ai besoin d’une agrafeuse. – I need a stapler. Nous avons besoin d’étudier. – We need to study. Tu as de la chance! – You are lucky! Il n’a pas envie de travailler. – He does not feel like working. Elle a peur de dépenser de l’argent. – She is afraid to spend money. Ils ont très sommeil. – They are very sleepy. Tu as raison mais moi, j’ai tort. – You are right, but, me, I’m wrong. Elle a peur de parler français. – She is afraid to speak French. The expression avoir peur de may be followed by a noun. Note that de must combine with definite articles (le, la, l’, les) in the following ways. Les Noms Et les Articles Indefinite Articles - Articles indéfinis Definite Articles - Articles définis
