Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a serious complication in
immunosuppressed transplant patients following infection by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In
the absence of an efficient cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response, EBV-infected B cells can expand
in number and give rise to PTLD. In the immunosuppressed setting, EBV infected B cells are
postulated to be lytically activated, such that the virions released can infect bystander B cells,
resulting in polyclonal B cell expansion. Because gp350, a lytic-cycle protein located in the
viral envelope, plays an important role in EBV infection, anti-gp350 neutralizing antibodies
are thought to be a key player in blocking infection, hence preventing the development of
PTLD. The use of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) as a prophylactic against opportunistic
infections (including EBV) for patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation calls
into question the effectiveness of IVIG to inhibit or temper EBV infection in this patient
group. Therefore the first objective of this thesis proposed to evaluate the efficacy of IVIG
against EBV infection and PTLD in hematopoietic stem cell recipients. The second objective
proposed to determine, using the ELISpot technique, whether the presence of a strong T cell
response against the EBV lytic-cycle antigen BMLF1 could constitute a marker for protection
against PTLD in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. The results revealed firstly that,
while IVIG can efficiently neutralize EBV infection in vitro, it does not effectively protect
transplant patients against EBV infection in vivo. Secondly, the study of the T-cell response
against EBV antigens demonstrated that T cells from certain patients are able to recognize the
BMLF1 lytic-cycle antigen. This specific T-cell response may prove to be a good marker of
protection against PTLD.