LES RELATIONS ÉCONOMIQUES ENTRE LA FRANCE

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LES$RELATIONS$ÉCONOMIQUES$
ENTRE$LA$FRANCE$ET$LE$QATAR$:$
Des$bénéfices$mutuels$
!
MARS!2016!
$
Par$Pascal$BONIFACE,$Directeur$de$l’IRIS$
et$Sylvie$MATELLY,$Directrice$des$Etudes$$à$l’IRIS$
$
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Pour!le!compte!de!
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!
ÉTUDE$

LES!RELATIONS!ÉCONOMIQUES!ENTRE!LA!FRANCE!ET!LE!QATAR!:!DES!BÉNÉFICES!MUTUELS!/!Mars!2016!
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Table$des$matières$
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#$#%&'()#!*&++,-.!/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!0!
(1'-23&%'(21!////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!4!
56!*('&,'(21*!!+,%-278%212+(9&#*!!%2+:,-8#*!;!3#*!3(<<8-#1%#*!!9&(!,::,-,(**#1'!
%2++#!,&',1'!3#!%2+:=8+#1',-('8*!////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!>!
,!-!=?!@ABCDD?E@F!FG!HF!IJKFHBLLFMFEG!J@BEBMCNOF!IF!H?!<A?E@F!FG!IO!9?G?A!////////////////////////////////!P!
Q!-!=?!<A?E@F!FG!HF!9?G?A!I?ED!H?!MBEIC?HCD?GCBE!;!BOKFAGOAF!@BMMFA@C?HF!@BML?AJF!//////////////////!5R!
%!-!+BI?HCGJD!FG!SCE?E@FMFEG!IFD!IFOT!J@BEBMCFD!///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!"4!
"6!=#*!-#=,'(21*!8%212+(9&#*!#1'-#!=,!<-,1%#!#'!=#!9,',-!;!///////////////////////////////////////////////!05!
,!7!=FD!J@U?EVFD!@BMMFA@C?OT!FEGAF!HFD!IFOT!L?WD!//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!05!
Q!7!=F!9?G?A!FE!<A?E@F!;!HXCMLBAG?E@F!IFD!CEKFDGCDDFMFEGD!N?G?ACD!FE!<A?E@F!///////////////////////////////!YZ!
%!7!=?!<A?E@F!?O!9?G?A!;![CDGBACNOF!FG!CMLBAG?E@F!IFD!CEKFDGCDDFMFEGD!SA?E\?CD!?O!9?G?A!///////////!Y4!
%21%=&*(21!7! #E]FOT!FG! IJSCD! ^! KFECA!;! 9OFH!?KFECA! LBOA! HFD! AFH?GCBED!J@BEBMCNOFD!FEGAF!HFD!
IFOT!L?WD!_!////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////!4"!
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LES!RELATIONS!ÉCONOMIQUES!ENTRE!LA!FRANCE!ET!LE!QATAR!:!DES!BÉNÉFICES!MUTUELS!/!Mars!2016!
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$ $ $ $ 0!
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EXECUTIVE$SUMMARY$
!
3?ED! HF! @BEGFTGF! J@BEBMCNOF! ?@GOFH! @?A?@GJACDJ! L?A! OEF! S?C`HFDDF! VJEJA?HCDJF! IF! H?!
@ABCDD?E@F! J@BEBMCNOFa! la# relation# économique# entre# le# Qatar# et# la# France# apparaît#
étonnement# dynamique/! =XFDDBA! IFD! FTLBAG?GCBED! SA?E\?CDFD! ?O! 9?G?A! FDG! CE@BEGFDG?`HF!
bc05d! FE! "Z5Y! FG! c"4d! FE! "Z54e/! =?! <A?E@F! FDG! ?CEDC! IFKFEOF! HF! IFOTCfMF! L?AGFE?CAF!
@BMMFA@C?H!IO!9?G?A!IFAACfAF!HFD!#G?GD7&ECD!?HBAD!NOXFHHF!EXJG?CG!NOXFE!EFOKCfMF!LBDCGCBE!
FE!"Z5Y/!!
!
%F! IWE?MCDMF! IFD! AFH?GCBED! J@BEBMCNOFD! FEGAF! HFD! IFOT! L?WD! DF! @BEDGAOCG! ?OGBOA! IF!
LHODCFOAD!S?@GFOAD!;!
• Une#croissance#économique#solide#du#Qatar!M?HVAJ!H?!`?CDDF!IO!LACT!IO!LJGABHF!FG!
IO! V?ga! LACE@CL?HF! FTLBAG?GCBE! IF! @F! L?WD/! %FGGF! @ABCDD?E@F! FDG! SBEIJF! DOA! OEF!
ICKFADCSC@?GCBE!AJODDCF!IF!HXJ@BEBMCF!IF!@F!L?WD/!#HHF!FDG!OEF!KJACG?`HF!BLLBAGOECGJ!
G?EG!LBOA!HFD!LHOD!VA?EIFD!FEGAFLACDFD!SA?E\?CDFD!b'BG?Ha!QBOWVOFDa!'U?HfD!FG@/e!NOF!
LBOA! IF! LHOD! LFGCGFD! DGAO@GOAFD/! 'BOD! HFD! IBM?CEFD! IX?@GCKCGJD! DBEG! @BE@FAEJDa! H?!
KBHBEGJ! IF! IJKFHBLLFMFEG! J@BEBMCNOF! ?OGBOA! IF! H?! National! Vision! 2030!
DX?LLOW?EG!DOA! H?!@AJ?GCBE! IX?@GCKCGJD!?ODDC! ICKFADCSCJFD!NOF! LBDDC`HFa!OE! ECKF?O!IF!
KCF! L?AMC! HFD! LHOD! JHFKJD! IF! H?! LH?EfGF! LBOA! H?! LBLOH?GCBE! FG! HXJMFAVFE@F! IXOEF!
M?CE7IXhOKAF!NO?HCSCJF!FG!SBAMJF!I?ED!HFD!MFCHHFOAFD!OECKFADCGJD!IO!+BEIF!i!
• Des#besoins#de#financements#importants#pour#les#entreprises#françaises!NO?EI!HFD!
N?G?ACD! ICDLBDFEG! IF! AFDDBOA@FD! CMLBAG?EGFD! HCJFD! ^! H?! AFEGF! JEFAVJGCNOF! NOXCHD!
DBOU?CGFEG! CEKFDGCA! ^! MBWFE! FG! HBEV! GFAMF! LBOA! CED@ACAF! H?! @ABCDD?E@F! FG! HF!
IJKFHBLLFMFEG!J@BEBMCNOF!I?ED!H?!IOAJF/!=FD!CEKFDGCDDFMFEGD!IO!9?G?A!FE!<A?E@F!
DBEG!?CEDC!EBM`AFOT!FG!DCVECSC@?GCSDa!?DDOAJD! ^!H?!SBCD! L?A!HF!SBEID!DBOKFA?CE!9?G?A!
(EKFDGMFEG! ,OGUBACGW! b9(,ea! L?A! H?! 9?G?A! 1?GCBE?H! Q?Ej! b91Qe! FG! L?A! IF! VA?EID!
VABOLFD!N?G?ACD!bk?G?A?![BDLCG?HCGWa!9?G?A!,CAl?WD!FG@/e/!(HD!LFAMFGGFEG!HF!M?CEGCFE!
BO!H?!@AJ?GCBE!IX?@GCKCGJD!FG!IXFMLHBCD!FG!DBOGCFEEFEG!HF!IJKFHBLLFMFEG!IF!LFGCGFD!
FG!MBWFEEFD!FEGAFLACDFD!I?ED!IFD!IBM?CEFD!?ODDC!ICKFAD!NOF!HXUmGFHHFACF!IF!HOTFa!HF!
GA?EDLBAGa!HX?JABE?OGCNOF!BO!HF!Q':n!
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LES!RELATIONS!ÉCONOMIQUES!ENTRE!LA!FRANCE!ET!LE!QATAR!:!DES!BÉNÉFICES!MUTUELS!/!Mars!2016!
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$ $ $ $ Y!
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• Des#relations#diplomatiques,#politiques#et#économiques!DBHCIFD!FG!IF!HBEVOF!I?GF!
FEGAF!HFD!IFOT!L?WD!FG!OEF!AJFHHF!@BMLHJMFEG?ACGJ!IFD!DGAO@GOAFD!J@BEBMCNOFD/!=F!
9?G?A! FDG! OEF! J@BEBMCF!JMFAVFEGF! NO?EI! HF! IJKFHBLLFMFEG! J@BEBMCNOF! IF! H?!
<A?E@F! FDG! IJ]^! ?E@CFE/! =F! 9?G?A! FDG! ?CEDC! FE! LHFCE! FDDBA! J@BEBMCNOF! NO?EI! H?!
@ABCDD?E@F! IF! H?! <A?E@F! L?GCEF! IFLOCD! LHODCFOAD! ?EEJFD/! =F! 9?G?A! FDG! FE@BAF!
IJLFEI?EG! IF! DFD! FTLBAG?GCBED! IXUWIAB@?A`OAFD! FG! IF! DFD! CMLBAG?GCBED! IF!
LABIOCGD!SCECD! NO?EI! HF! @BMMFA@F!FTGJACFOA!IF! H?!<A?E@F! DF! AJKfHF! GAfD! ICKFADCSCJ/!
%FD!ICSSJAFE@FD!DF!AJKfHFEG!oGAF!?OG?EG!IF!@BMLHJMFEG?ACGJD!LBOA!IFOT!L?WD!?W?EG!
MCD!?O!@hOA!IF!HFOA!DGA?GJVCF!IF!IJKFHBLLFMFEGa!HF!LABVAfD!J@BEBMCNOF!FG!DB@C?H!
?OGBOA!IF!HXCEEBK?GCBEa!HXJIO@?GCBEa!H?!@OHGOAF!BO!FE@BAF!HF!DLBAG/!
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=F!9?G?A!FDG!OE!L?WD!?KF@!HFNOFH!H?!<A?E@F!FEAFVCDGAF!OE!FT@JIFEG!@BMMFA@C?H!IF!LHOD!IF!"!
MCHHC?AID! IXFOABDa! FG! FDG! ?CEDC! IFKFEO! HF! 4F! FT@JIFEG! @BMMFA@C?H! IF! H?! <A?E@F! FE! "Z5Y/!
%XFDG! ?ODDC! HF! DF@BEI! L?WD! IX?@@OFCH! IFD! CEKFDGCDDFMFEGD! IO! SBEID! DBOKFA?CE! 9?G?A!
(EKFDGMFEG! ,OGUBACGW! b9(,e/! =FD! CEKFDGCDDFMFEGD! IF! @F! SBEID! I?ED! HFD! FEGAFLACDFD!
SA?E\?CDFD!BEG!?CEDC!LFAMCD!^!@FD!IFAECfAFD!IF!IJKFHBLLFA!IF!EBOKFHHFD!?@GCKCGJD/!%XFDG!HF!
@?D! IFD! CEKFDGCDDFMFEGD! AJ?HCDJD! L?A! k?G?A?! [BDLCG?HCGW! NOC! LBDDfIF! Y! UmGFHD! IF! HOTF!FE!
<A?E@F!FG!IBEG!HFD!SBEID!BEG!LFAMCD!IF!@AJFA!LAfD!IF!5!4ZZ!FMLHBCD!ICAF@GD!FG!IFD!MCHHCFAD!
IXFMLHBCD!CEICAF@GD!LBOA!@FGGF!DFOHF!?@GCKCGJ!I?ED!HX[FT?VBEF/!
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LES!RELATIONS!ÉCONOMIQUES!ENTRE!LA!FRANCE!ET!LE!QATAR!:!DES!BÉNÉFICES!MUTUELS!/!Mars!2016!
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INTRODUCTION$
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Depuis# presque# 20# ans,# le# Qatar# vit# une# période# charnière# et# exceptionnelle# de# son#
développement# économique.# Les# investissements# pour# moderniser# le# pays# ont# été#
considérables# attirant# de# nombreuses# entreprises# étrangères# au# Qatar# tandis# qu’à#
l’étranger,# les# investissements# qataris# se# multipliaient/! =F! 9?G?A! ?! ?CEDC! EBOJ! IFD!
AFH?GCBED! J@BEBMCNOFD! FG! LBHCGCNOFD! SBAGFD! ?KF@! H?! LHOL?AG! IFD! VA?EIFD! J@BEBMCFD! IF! H?!
LH?EfGF/! %XFDG! HF! @?D! IF! H?!<A?E@F! Bp! HFD! CEKFDGCDDFMFEGD! N?G?ACD! DBEG! LAJDFEGD! I?ED!
LHODCFOAD!DF@GFOAD!IF!HXJ@BEBMCF!bCESA?DGAO@GOAFDa!UmGFHHFACFa!DLBAG!`CFE!DqA!M?CD!?ODDC!HOTF!
FG@/e/! =F!A?LLAB@UFMFEG!IFD! IFOT! L?WD! ?! JV?HFMFEG! LBODDJ! HFD! FEGAFLACDFD! SA?E\?CDFD! ^!
?HHFA! GA?K?CHHFA! FG! CEKFDGCA! ?O! 9?G?A/! L’année# 2015# a# été,# de# ce# point# de# vue,#
particulièrement# favorable# aux# relations# économiques# entre#le# Qatar#et#la# France.! 2E!
LFEDF! `CFE! JKCIFMMFEG!^! H?! KFEGF! IF! HX?KCBE! IF! @BM`?G! -?S?HF! b@BEGA?G! IF! LAfD! IF! >a4!
MCHHC?AID!IXFOABDe!M?CD!@F!DBEG!?ODDC!'U?HfD!bMJGAB!IF!3BU?ea!QBOWVOFD!bLAB]FG!(3-(**e!BO!
*?CEG7rB`?CE!bMJV?7AJDFAKBCA!IXF?Oe!NOC!BEG!AFMLBAGJ!IFD!@BEGA?GD!?O!9?G?Aa!%U?EFH!BO!=?!
<E?@!NOC!W!BEG!BOKFAG!IFD!`BOGCNOFD/!
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=XB`]FG! IF! @FGGF! EBGF! FDG! ?CEDC! IX?E?HWDFAa! I?ED! OEF! LAFMCfAF! L?AGCFa! HFD! AFH?GCBED!
J@BEBMCNOFD! ?SCE! IXFE! CIFEGCSCFA! HFD! FE]FOT! LBOA! HFD! IFOT! L?WD! FG! HFOAD! J@BEBMCFD!
AFDLF@GCKFD/! (H! DX?VCA?! IF! @BML?AFA! HFD! DCGO?GCBED! J@BEBMCNOFD! IFD! IFOT! L?WD! @FAGFD!
GAfD!ICSSJAFEGFD/!Ces#différences#se#révèlent#être#autant#de#complémentarités#pour#deux#
pays#ayant#mis#au#cœur#de#leur# stratégie#de#développement,#le#progrès#économique#et#
social#autour#de#l’innovation,#l’éducation,#la#culture#ou#encore#le#sport.##
&EF!SBCD! HFD! DCGO?GCBED! J@BEBMCNOFD!IF!H?!<A?E@F!FG! IO! 9?G?A! FTLHC@CGJFDa!OEF! IFOTCfMF!
L?AGCF! S?CG! OE! JG?G! IFD! HCFOT! IFD! AFH?GCBED! J@BEBMCNOFD! FG! IFD! J@U?EVFD! FEGAF! HFD! IFOT!
L?WD/!!