S
U
²
V(p)
T
N∼ N
N6,022 1023 mol1
R=kN8,314 J K1mol1
k1,381 1023 J K1
c3,108m s1
N
N1023 >> 1
E N
T N
T µ
E=U
S0=k Ln(Ω) Ω = X
i
1
k k T
S=kPipiLn(pi)
pi= Ω1S=S0
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