44
Jean ANSALDI
La « conversion » de Martin Luther
!"#$%&'()*'+*,'-#-'+&./01%',"&',*'2'3.(4%&,0.('56'!%',%"/'#%1#%'07+.&#*(#'()*&&04%'8"%'
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%,#'&-4-/-%'%('/"0';H$&0,#?'5<'I
2'J&B'7.0'8"0B'404*(#'3.77%'"('7.0(%'0&&-+&.3$*K/%B'7%',%(#*0,'+-3$%"&':%4*(#'G0%"'
*4%3'/*'3.(,30%(3%'/*'+/",'#&."K/-%'%#'(%'+."4*0,'#&."4%&'/*'+*01'+*&'7*',*#0,9*3#0.(B'F%'$*L,D
,*0,':)*"#*(#'+/",'/%'G0%"'F",#%'8"0'+"(0#'/%,'+-3$%"&,'%#'F%'7)0(:0M(*0,'3.(#&%'3%'G0%"'NOP'Q'
F%':0,*0,'I'2'H.77%',)0/'()-#*0#'+*,',"9',*(#'8"%':%,'+-3$%"&,'70,-&*K/%,'%#'+%&:",'-#%&(%//%D
7%(#'+*&'/%'+-3$-'.&0M0(%/',.0%(#'*33*K/-,':%'#."#%,',.&#%,':%'7*"1'+*&'/*'/.0':"':-3*/.M"%B'
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+*&'/)T4*(M0/%B',*'F",#03%'%#',*'3./U&%'V'W)-#*0,'*0(,0'$.&,':%'7.0B'/%'3X"&'%('&*M%'%#'K."/%4%&D
,-'NOP6'F",8")R'3%'8"%B'Dieu ayant pitiéB'%#'*/.&,'8"%'F%'7-:0#*0,'F."&'%#'("0#B'F%'&%7*&8"*0,'
/)%(3$*Y(%7%(#':%,'7.#,B'R',*4.0&'I'2'!*'F",#03%':%'G0%"'%,#'&-4-/-%'%('/"0';H$&0,#?'3.77%'
0/'%,#'-3&0#'I'/%'F",#%'404&*'+*&'/*'9.0'56'Z/.&,'F%'3.77%([*0'R'3.7+&%(:&%'8"%'/*'F",#03%':%'
G0%"'%,#'3%//%'+*&'/*8"%//%'/%'F",#%'40#':"':.(':%'G0%"B'R',*4.0&'/*'9.0'%#'8"%'/*',0M(0'3*#0.('
-#*0#'3%//%D30'I'+*&'/)T4*(M0/%'%,#'&-4-/-%'/*'F",#03%':%'G0%"B'R',*4.0&'/*'F",#03%'+*,,04%'+*&'
/*8"%//%'/%'G0%"'70,-&03.&:0%"1'(.",'F",#0'%'+*&'/*'9.0'NOP6'Z/.&,'F%'7%',%(#0,'"('$.77%'(-'
:%'(."4%*"'%#'%(#&-B'/%,'+.&#%,'M&*(:%,'."4%&#%,B':*(,'/%'+*&*:0,'7S7%6'\'/)0(,#*(#'7S7%B'
/)T3&0#"&%'7)*++*&"#',.",'"('*"#&%'40,*M%O'NOP'56
!"#$%&'+*,,%':.(3':)"(%'3.7+&-$%(,0.(':%'la justice de Dieu'3.77%'3%//%'8"0'F"M%'
/%'':U/%'R'/)*"(%':%'/*'/.0'R'"(%'*"#&%'F",#03%B'3%//%'+*&'/*8"%//%'G0%"'F",#0'%'M&*#"0#%7%(#'/%'
':U/%'+*&'/*',%"/%'9.0'*"'H$&0,#'%#'0(:-+%(:*77%(#':%,'X"4&%,':%'/*'/.06'De la justice devant
la loi à la justi cation par l9Évangile']'G*(,'/%'+%#0#'%,+*3%':0,+.(0K/%B'(.",'()*//.(,'+.0(#%&'
8"%'8"%/8"%,'0(:03*#0.(,6
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45
LA « CONVERSION » DE LUTHER
Le contenu de ce récit
<6'H.(#&*0&%7%(#'R'"(%'/-M%(:%B'!"#$%&'(%':0#'+*,'8")0/'-#*0#'-3&*,-'+*&'/*'3"/+*K0/0#-':%'
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2'i.0B'404*(#'3.77%'"('7.0(%'0&&-+&.3$*K/%'56'^/'()*4*0#'+*,'/)07+&%,,0.(':)S#&%':*7(-'
+*&':-9*"#':)X"4&%,'K.((%,'7*0,B'*"'3.(#&*0&%B'+*&'/%'9*0#'8"%'7*/M&-'/)*K.(:*(3%':%'3%//%,D
30B'0/'(%',%',%(#*0#'+*,'%('-#*#':%',*#0,9*0&%'"('G0%"'8"0B':.((*(#'#."#B'*##%(:*0#'#."#':%',%,'
':U/%,6
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2':%4%("'0&&-+&.3$*K/%'%('3%'8"0'3.(3%&(%'/*'F",#03%'8"0',%'#&."4%':*(,'/*'/.0'56'J&B'7*/M&-'
,%,'7-&0#%,B'g*"/'()*'+"'#&."4%&'/*'+*01'8")%('3.(,0:-&*(#',%,'4%&#",'3.77%':%,'2'K*/*h"D
&%,'5'*'(':)S#&%'#&."4-'+*&'G0%"B'(.('*4%3'/*'F",#03%'8"0'40%(#':%'/).K,%&4*#0.(':%'/*'/.0B'7*0,'
,%"/%7%(#'*4%3'la justi cation qui vient par la foi au ChristB'3%//%'8"0'40%(#':%'G0%"'%#'8"0'
+&%(:'*++"0',"&'/*'9.0'56'Z"#&%7%(#':0#B'+."&'g*"/'3.77%'+."&'!"#$%&B'/)*(M.0,,%'4%(*0#B'
(.('+*,':)"(':-'30#':%'':-/0#-'&0#"%//%'%#'-#$08"%B'7*0,':)"('#&.+'+/%0(B':)"(%'&-",,0#%'&%/0D
M0%",%':.(#'3%,'$.77%,'2',%(#*0%(#'5'K0%('8")%//%'7*(8"*0#'/%'G0%"':%'W-,",DH$&0,#6
b6'!%'&-9.&7*#%"&':0,3%&(%'8"%B':%&&0U&%'/)*7."&'8")0/'+&.3/*7%'%(4%&,'G0%"B',%'3*3$%'
%('&-*/0#-'"(%'$*0(%'#%(*3%'Q'3)%,#'030'"(',0M(%':%''(%,,%',+0&0#"%//%'8"%':)*4.0&'+%&["'3%##%'
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#."#%D+"0,,*(#%'8"0'+."4*0#'#."#B'4.h*0#'#."#B':-30:*0#':%'#."#'%#':.(#'/)%10M%(3%'-#*0#'*/.&,'
0('(0%6'`*3%'R'"('#%//%':040(0#-B'/)%(M*M%7%(#':%'9.0'(%'+%"#'8"%'9.(3#0.((%&':*(,'/%'&%M0,#&%'
:%'/*',-:"3#0.('I'/).K-0,,*(3%'R'/*'/.0'40,%'R',)*##0&%&'/%,'K.((%,'M&j3%,':)"('#h&*('3-/%,#%'%#'
+%&4%&,B'3%'8"0B':%&&0U&%'"('/*(M*M%':)*7."&B'(%'+%"#'8"%'3*3$%&'/*'$*0(%'/*'+/",'#%(*3%b6
c6'i*/M&-'/%,'*++*&%(3%,B'/*'3.(4%&,0.('()*&&04%'+*,'030':*(,'/*'9."/-%':)"('#&*4*0/'%1-D
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3.((.#%'%('9*0#'"(%'%1+-&0%(3%'&%/0M0%",%'8"0B'+*&':-'(0#0.(B'%,#'rencontre du Christ'%#'se
situe hors langage et hors image6'k('b'H.&0(#$0%(,'<bB<D=B'g*"/':-3&0#'"(%'#%//%'9"/M"&*(#%'
&%(3.(#&%':"'f%0M(%"&'I'%//%'%,#'$.&,'%,+*3%';:*(,'7.('3.&+,'."'$.&,':%'7.('3.&+,B'&*40'*"'
+*&*:0,?'Q'%//%'%,#'$.&,'/*(M*M%'3*&'.('h'9*0#'/)%1+-&0%(3%'(.('%1+-&0%(#0%//%':%'2'+*&./%,'(.('
2'+*&./*K/%,'5'56
b6'f"&'/)07K&03*#0.(':%'/*'$*0(%'%#':%'/)*7."&':%'G0%"B'396'W%*(DG*(0%/'HZlffkB'La haine et l9amour de DieuB'_%(U4%B'
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:%'m&."o%&B'<aEa6
46
Le point ininscriptible du basculement de la conversion fait trou noir dans les repré-
sentations religieuses6'!%'':U/%'+%&[.0#'K0%('8")0/'h'*'"('*4*(#'%#'"('*+&U,B'7*0,',%"/,'/*'
7-#*+$.&%'."'/%'7h#$%'+%"4%(#'3.((.#%&B'R':-9*"#':%':-(.#%&B'/*'9"/M"&*(3%':)"(%'+&-,%(3%'
+.(3#"%//%'%#'0(#07%':"'H$&0,#':*(,'"(%'40%c6'!%'&-30#'*"#.K0.M&*+$08"%':%'!"#$%&'3.(3%&D
(*(#',*'2'3.(4%&,0.('5'*++*&#0%(#'K0%('*"'&%M0,#&%':%'/)*+&U,D3."+6
L-avant et l-après dans la vie de Luther
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#0.('%#B':)*"#&%'+*&#B',*(,'"('/*(M*M%'+.,#-&0%"&'8"0'%,,*h%':)%('#0&%&'#."#%,',%,'3.(,-8"%(3%,'
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*"M",#0(,B'40(#'40,0#%&'/%'3."4%(#':)k&9"&#B'0/'&%7*&8"*'/*':-#&%,,%',+0&0#"%//%':"'F%"(%'!"#$%&'
3.(3%&(*(#'/*''M"&%':%'/*'#."#%D+"0,,*(3%':%'G0%"'Q'0/'&-+.(:0#'R'3%':-,*&&.0'I'2'g."&8".0'#%'
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/0%"':%'#%'7*&#h&0,%&'+."&'#%,'9*"#%,B'F%##%D#.0':*(,'/%,'K&*,':"'&-:%7+#%"&6'H.('%D#.0'%('/"0B'
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F."&,'0(:0M(%':%'/*'M&j3%':%'G0%"6'q"%/8"%9.0,'0/'%('+&%(*0#'*3#%'I'2'H)%,#'W-,",DH$&0,#B'."0'
3)%,#'W-,",DH$&0,#'8"0'7%'3.(,./%',0'*:70&*K/%7%(#'+*&'3%,':."3%,'%#',*/"#*0&%,'+*&./%,'56'
g/",'#*&:B'/*'$*(#0,%':%'/*'+&-:%,#0(*#0.(B'%(,%0M(-%'+*&'/%,':.3#%"&,',3./*,#08"%,B'&%40(#'/%'
#.&#"&%&6'f#*"+0#p'/%':-#."&(*'*/.&,':"'2'G0%"'3*3$-'5'I'2'A%M*&:%'/%,'+/*0%,':"'H$&0,#'%#'#"'h'
4%&&*,'&%/"0&%'*4%3'3/*&#-'/%,':-30,0.(,':%'G0%"'%(4%&,'/%,'$.77%,6'J('(%'+%"#'3.7+&%(:&%'
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H.77%' .(' /%' 4.0#B' .(' (%' +%"#' &-:"0&%' /*' 2'3.(4%&,0.('5' :%' !"#$%&' *"' &%(."4%//%D
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/)T4*(M0/%'*4*0#'&%#%(#0'+*&'/*'7-:0*#0.('/0(M"0,#08"%':%'f#*"+0#p'%#'+*&':)*"#&%,'+%"#DS#&%6'
H%'/*(M*M%'&%/0M0%"1'+&-+*&*#.0&%'(%'+&.4.8"%'3%&#%,'+*,'/*'&%(3.(#&%':-30,04%':"'H$&0,#B'
7*0,'%//%'/*K."&%'/%'#%&&*0('+."&'8"%B'8"*(:'*:40%(#'/*',%7%(3%B'3%//%D30'#&."4%'"(%'#%&&%'
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c6'f"&'3%'2'+.0(#'(.0&'5':%'/*'3.(4%&,0.(B'396'W%*('ZefZ!G^B'L9articulation de la foi, de la théologie et des ÉcrituresB'
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>6' g."&' g*"/B' +*&' %1%7+/%B' 0/' ,%7K/%' 8"%' /*' +&-:03*#0.(' :)T#0%((%' %#' ,.(' 7*&#h&%' *0%(#' F."-' 3%' &s/%' :%' 7*(0U&%'
+&0(30+*/%6
47
LA « CONVERSION » DE LUTHER
b6'^/'h'*'*",,0'"('*+&U,':%'/*'2'3.(4%&,0.('56'f0'3%//%D30':%7%"&%'$.&,'/*(M*M%'%#'$.&,'
07*M%B':%,'&-30#,'#%(#%(#':%'/*'3.((.#%&'*4%3'/%,'7.#,'+.&#-,'+*&'/%'/*(M*M%'&%/0M0%"1'%(40D
&.((*(#6'G%'7S7%'/%,'3.(,-8"%(3%,'#$-./.M08"%,'%(',.(#'#0&-%,6'^30'!"#$%&'&-0(#%&+&U#%'/%'
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g*"/B'0/'4*'*++%/%&'3%'3X"&'$%&7-(%"#08"%':"'(.7':)Évangile6'^/'(%'&-+U#%'#."#%9.0,'+*,'
/)*+s#&%'/0##-&*/%7%(#'Q'0/'+*&/%&*':"'Christ seul'8"0',%':.((%'R'&%(3.(#&%&':*(,'la foi seule'%#'
:*(,'les Écritures seules6
H%'&%(."4%//%7%(#'4*'7.:0'%&',*'3.7+&-$%(,0.(':%,'T3&0#"&%,';2'!)T3&0#"&%'7)*++*D
&"#',.",'"('*"#&%'40,*M%'5?6'\'/*'+/*3%':)"('#%1#%'+/*#'%#'7.(./0#$08"%':%'K."#'%('K."#B'0/'4*'
h':0,#0(M"%&'/*'loi'8"0':0#'/)-3$%3':%'#."#%'4./.(#-':%',%',*"4%&'+*&',%,'X"4&%,'%#'/)Évangile'
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3.&.//*0&%B'/%'3$.3':)"('G0%"'8"0'(%'+%"#'S#&%'&%(3.(#&-'8"%':*(,'/*'3&.01':"'H$&0,#'%#'8"0'
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9.0'*"',%&403%':%'/)TM/0,%'%#':%,'':U/%,=6
Jean ANSALDI
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1 / 4 100%
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