!
"!
!
!"#$%&"'(($)&*")$%&"'(($)&*"+'(,%&"&%("-."/(.),'"01'),%'"$+.2%'"$3"4-")56"."+.&",'"7$1&*"&.)&"&.8$4("
$3")$%&".--$)&*"&.)&"91('"/%4,0&"+.(".%:%)'"-%74;('*".<.),$))0&*"'1"2%4"8."8')4(")$%&":='(:='("$3"
)$%&"&$77'&">"#$%&")5')1'),$)&"+.&*")$%&"8$6$)&"?"+'4)'@A@#$%&$'(@"!@"#$%&"')1'),$)&"-'&"
1(0+4,.14$)&",'&"1%(<4)'&*"-'"<(%41",'&"<4'--'&"-'"/(4):'7')1",'&"+$%-4'&*"-'&":$%+&",'"-."7'("2%4"B(.++'"
8./%'".+(;&"8./%'"&%("-501(.8'"'1"&%("-."B.-.4&'C""
D3"'&1E:'"2%5$)"8.">"A"
)*!+,-$.!+*!/*..*!0123$*!4,+5.6.512!+*!)*!70,851!%$9!$2!:1;4*!+'<*295!=5/>6$?!*%.!$2*!52@5.6.512!
&$*!#*!@1$%!A65%!(!0B/>*9!&$*0&$*%!64699*%C!212!:6%!(!0B/>*9!:95%*!/69!:1$9!6@159!396@5!&$*0&$*%!
412.632*%C!#*!2'654*!:6%!.91:!/*..*!*?:9*%%512!4D4*!!%5!#'*2!:*9E15%!0'52.,9D.C!465%!0B/>*9!0*%!
64699*%C!1$5C!%62%!+1$.*C!/'*%.!$2*!5+,*!
!
!
A"Beam"of"intense"darkness"–"Exposé"oral"
"Cercle"Freudien,"23"mars"2016"
«"Les"bombes"qu’ils"jettent"entre"nous"en"ce"moment"jettent"une"luminosité"atroce!F!
!G/'*%.!06!:6910*!+'$2!:6.5*2.!@*2$!A659*!599$:.512!+62%!412!-$9*6$C!(!0'>H:5.60C!6$!0*2+*4652!+*%!
6..*2.6.%!+*!I9$?*00*%!:1$9!4*!J!-6062/*9!F!E6!*.!9*%%19.59!6$%%5!%$-5.*4*2.!&$'50!,.65.!*2.9,K!
"
!
!
L.!%5!@1$%!0*!@1$0*8!-5*2C!#*!@65%!/144*2/*9!:69!M!:9,/6$.512%!196.159*%!&$5!2*!%*912.!:6%!+*!:$9*!
A194*C!*2A52!#*!2*!0*!:*2%*!:6%!*.!/'*%.!:1$9&$15!#*!@65%!0*%!+,@*01::*9!6%%*8!0123$*4*2.!N!O'*2!
@5*2+965%!*2%$5.*!(!412!:91:1%C!/*!J!-*64!1A!52.*2%*!+69P2*%%!F!:91:1%,!:69!O64*%!QR!S91.%*52!
6@62.!+*!@1$%!:91:1%*9!&$*0&$*%!/144*2.659*%!9*06.5A%!(!46!9,/*2.*!6::91/>*!+$!.96@650!+*!0'T$@9*!
+*!I512!*.!*2!:69.5/$05*9!+*!/*!&$'50!6::*00*!06!J!/6:6/5.,!2,36.5@*!FC!$2*!21.512!&$*!#'*%%65*965!+*!
+,@*01::*9!$2!:*$!*.!%5!#'*2!.91$@*!0*!.*4:%C!#*!@1$%!:690*965!6$%%5!+'$2!:9*45*9!A504!&$5!4'6!
-*6$/1$:!469&$,!J!U5!0*!/5*0!25!06!.*99*!FC!+'$2!/*9.652!70,4*2.!7135.19*R!O*!.*9452*965!*2!
4'*AA19E62.!+*!9*2+9*!/14:.*!+*!06!A6E12!+12.!0'6@*2.$9*!&$'6$96!,.,!06!.96+$/.512!+*!/*!05@9*!.9;%!
,.12262.!+*!S91.%.*52!6!6//14:632,!06!.962%A1946.512!:9139*%%5@*!*.!212!*2/19*!6/>*@,*!-5*2V%W9!
+*!46!:96.5&$*!+*!:%X/>6260X%.*!*.!+*!46!A6E12!+*!J!:*2%*9!F!06!:%X/>6260X%*!%5!#*!:$5%!+59*R!
Y$15&$'50!*2!%15.!*.!:$5%&$*!0*!:%X/>6260X%.*!*4:19.*!06!:%X/>6260X%*!0(!1Z!50!1:;9*C!#'*%:;9*!-5*2!
&$*!@1$%!X!9*.91$@*9*8!&$*0&$*%!$2*%!+*!@1%!:91:9*%!,06-196.512%![!
=65%!6@62.!+*!%*!4*..9*!(!9D@*9C!50!A6$.!9*369+*9!$2!:*$!06!9,605.,!.*00*!&$'12!06!:*9E15.!*.!/'*%.!06!
965%12!+*!412!*2.64*!N!
V "!!!)6!:9*45;9*!:9,/6$.512!196.159*!+12/C!/'*%.!&$*!46039,!/*!-*6$!.5.9*!623065%!+12/C!*.!
46039,!0*!A65.!&$*!#'65!*$!06!/>62/*!+*!:69.5/5:*9!6$!391$:*!+*!.96+$/.512!9,$25!:69!\5*99*V
!
]!
!
<*295!76%.*0!*.!%$::19.,!:69!^26!+*!Q.660C!391$:*!&$5!6!.96+$5.!0*!05@9*!+*!S91.%.*52!&$5!:19.*!
/*!.5.9*C!#*!2*!%$5%!3$;9*!62305/5%.*[R_5%12%!&$'$2!-12!+5/.5122659*!4'6!,.,!6-%10$4*2.!
52+5%:*2%6-0*!465%!:6%!%$AA5%62.!:1$9!6$.62.C!/69!%62%!0*!391$:*!+*!.96@650!&$5!%'52.,9*%%65.!*2!
:91A12+*$9!6$?!/>*452*4*2.%!+*!O64*%!QR!S91.%.*52C!,9$+5.!:%X/>56.9*!*.!:%X/>6260X%.*C!
6260X%62.!/605A1925*2!+*!I512!*.!&$5!6!@1$,!%6!@5*!+*!:%X/>6260X%.*!(!J!:*2%*9!F!I512C!#'6$965%!
.9;%!@5.*!6-62+122,R!`96+$59*!0'623065%!2'*%.!+,#(!:6%!65%,!:1$9!415C!465%!6::91/>*9!0'T$@9*!
+*!I512!*%.!*2/19*!-5*2!:0$%!+5AA5/50*R!=65%!#*!@1$065%!%54:0*4*2.!+59*!/*/5!&$*!#*!%*965!-5*2!
52/6:6-0*!+*!9,:12+9*!*2!623065%!(!@1%!&$*%.512%C!*.!:1$9.62.C!#'65!@9654*2.!-*6$/1$:!6::95%!
:*2+62.!/*..*!.96+$/.512N!212!:6%!0'623065%!+12/C!#*!2a65!3$;9*!:9139*%%,C!#*!2'65!:6%!212!:0$%!
+,/1$@*9.!/*%!+5AA5/50*%!:91-0;4*%!+*!.96+$/.512!*2!:%X/>6260X%*!&$'50!4',.65.!+,#(!6995@,!+*!
/915%*9!*.!&$5!A12.!0'1-#*.!+*!214-9*$%*%!9*/>*9/>*%!*.!+*!:10,45&$*%!465%!#'65!9,605%,!*.!:95%!
/12%/5*2/*!.9;%!/12/9;.*4*2.!6@*/!/*!.96@650!+*!06!+54*2%512!52.*926.51260*!+*!06!
:%X/>6260X%*R!7'*%.!5+51.!4*!+59*8V@1$%C!#*!2*!@1$%!6::9*2+%!95*2!*.!#*!0*!%6@65%!+,#(R!Q62%!
+1$.*C!465%!0',:91$@,!+$!41+*%.*!.96+$/.*$9!&$*!#'65!,.,!*%.!+'$2*!6$.9*!26.$9*R!7*06!4'6!(!
06!A15%!:91A12+,4*2.!96%%$9,!%$9!0'6@*259!+*!21.9*!+5%/5:052*!&$5!4*!%*4-0*!:1$9.62.!D.9*!
+62%!$2*!%5.$6.512!6-%10$4*2.!/6.6%.91:>5&$*!@159*!+,%*%:,9,*!*2!b962/*!%5!#'*2!/915%!/*!
&$*!#'*2!:*9E15%!+*!46!:*.5.*!0$/692*!GA*94*.$9*%!+*!/6-52*.%!+*!/100;3$*%!+*!.60*2.C!
1$@*9.$9*!+*!/6-52*.%!+*!:%X/>1.>,96:5*!:69!+*%!:%X/>6260X%.*%!J!50!2*!@6$.!45*$?!:6%!
4*..9*!0*!41.!:%X/>6260X%*!F65V#*!*2.*2+$C!+,%52.,9D.!:9139*%%5AC!/12%.62.!*.!:105!:1$9!06!
:%X/>6260X%*!/>*8!06!:0$:69.!+*%!#*$2*%!$25@*9%5.659*%!*.!/>*8!+*!.9;%!214-9*$?!6/.*$9%!+$!
/>64:!+*!06!%62.,C!4,:95%!6AA5/>,!+62%!+'6$.9*%!05*$?C!6AA053*62.*!$.505%6.512!+$!@1/6-$0659*!
:%X!$2!:*$!:69.1$.!G/A!0'*?:1%,!+*!b962E15%*!)6-*%KC!+5%:695.512!+*%!96X12%!+62%!0*%!05-96595*%C!
+5%:695.512!+*!05-96595*%C!95+5/$0*%!%.96.,35*%!/05*2.,05%.*%!/>*8!+*!#*$2*%!/100;3$*%!&$5!2*!
%6@*2.!@9654*2.!:6%!/144*2.!A659*!G06!712%$0.6.512!\$-05&$*!+*!\%X/>6260X%*C!0'69.5/0*!+$!Uc!
`54*%!&$*!#'65!/5.,!+62%!$2!69.5/0*!+'$2!9,/*2.!2$4*91!+*!7>*!d$15KC!45%,96-0*%!.*2.6.5@*%!+*!
/12%.9$59*!$2*!2*$91:%X/>6260X%*!6@62.!0*!062/*4*2.!&$*!#'62.5/5:*!$2!:*$!+*!06!-51V
:%X/>6260X%*C!@5*5005%%*4*2.!+*!06!:91A*%%512C!+,/*:.512C!3962+*!+,/*:.512!+*%!:%X/>1013$*%!
&$5!+,-$.*2.!+62%!0*!4,.5*9!*.!2*!.91$@*2.!&$*!+*%!:1%.*%!1Z!0'*2.9*.5*2!:%X/>10135&$*!*%.!
/*9.*%!@60195%,!465%!1Z!:0$%!6$/$2!*%:6/*!2'*%.!9,%*9@,!(!06!:*2%,*C!25!52%.5.$.5122*00*!25!
4D4*!:*9%122*00*[*./RR!#*!4'52.*9914:%!*.!:1$9.62.!#*!2*!+,@*01::*!%62%!+1$.*!:6%!6%%*8!
/69!%5!/*!/12%.6.!*%.!-5*2!/122$!+*!.1$%C!50!*%.!:1$9.62.!.1$.!6$%%5!9,3$05;9*4*2.!+,25,C!6$!
7*9/0*!/144*!6500*$9%C!2*!%*965.V/*!:69/*!&$'50!*?5%.*C!*2!/12.9*:152.!&$*0&$*%!05*$?!1Z!/*06!
A12/.5122*!*2/19*!/144*!6$!-12!@5*$?!.*4:%CR!7'*%.V(V+59*!&$*!21$%!*2!%144*%!-5*2!
/12%/5*2.%!e!/'*%.!4D4*!,/95.!+62%!0'693$4*2.!+*!0'622,*!e!465%C!(!:69.!6//$%*9!0*!
2,105-,9605%4*!6:9;%!6@159!0123.*4:%!62212/,!06!9$52*!+$!QX4-105&$*!*.!06!419.!+$!Q$#*.!(!
0123$*$9!+'69.5/0*%!*.!+*!/1001&$*%C!21$%!!2*!%6@12%!6-%10$4*2.!:6%!&$15!A659*!*.!/12.52$12%!
(!A659*!/144*!%5C!/144*!%5!.1$.!60065.!(!:*$!:9;%!-5*2C!/144*!%5!/*06!@*265.!+*!4,/>62.*%!
6..6&$*%!+'$2!/64:!6+@*9%*!&$5!+,V/5@505%*965.!&$62+!21$%!0*%!:%X/>6260X%.*%!%*9512%!0*%!
+*925*9%!/5@505%6.*$9%C!0*%!+*925*9%!>$4625%6.*$9%!+*!21%!/12/5.1X*2%!*2!*9962/*!*.!*2!
%1$AA962/*[L.!-5*2C!0'*?:,95*2/*!&$'6!,.,!/*..*!.96+$/.512!+*!06!:%X/>6260X%*!64,95/652*C!
4D4*!@*262.!+'$2!6$.*$9!.9;%!B3,!G!+,/,+,!0'62!+*925*9!(!:0$%!+*!fg!62%KC!4'6$96!:*945%!(!
0'52@*9%*C!+*!.1$/>*9!+*!:9;%!/*!&$5!+*!06!:%X/>6260X%*!>6-5.*!0*!@6%.*!412+*!*.!2'*%.!:6%!
:9;%!+*!+5%:696h.9*C!*.!/'*%.!$2*!-*00*!*?:,95*2/*!&$*!#*!@1$%!9*/14462+*R!^$!:6%%63*!
+'6500*$9%C!12!9,605%*!:9*%&$'6@*/!%$9:95%*!&$*!06!:%X/>6260X%*C!4D4*!:*2%,*!.1$.!
6$.9*4*2.C!6@*/!+'6$.9*%!41.%!*.!+62%!+*%!/119+122,*%!%1/51V/$0.$9*00*%!*.!%1/51V
!
M!
!
,/12145&$*%!-5*2!:*$!/14:696-0*%!9*%.*!+*!06!:%X/>6260X%*C!/i*%.V(V+59*!$2*!6..*2.512!
52/91X6-0*4*2.!A52*!*.!:91A12+*!6$?!41$@*4*2.%!+*!0'*%:95.!>$4652C!$2*!6..*2.512!&$5!2'*%.!
:6%!:9D.*!+*!%',.*52+9*!.62.!/*0$5V/5!%*!9,52@*2.*C!(!/>6&$*!265%%62/*!:*$.VD.9*[!O'65!0'659!+*!
+,/1$@959!06!0$2*!j!\6%!%W9C!#'*%:;9*!-5*2!@1$%!A659*!%*2.59!6$.9*!/>1%*!&$*!/*06[!L2!.1$%!/6%!e!
*.!214-9*!+*!/100;3$*%!6$!7*9/0*!0*!%6@*2.!-5*2!45*$?!&$*!415V!0'*?*9/5/*!+*!06!.96+$/.512!
*%.!$2*!/>62/*!:1$9!0*!:%X/>6260X%.*C!.1$.!/144*!/*0$5!+*!:0$%!*2!:0$%!/1$962.C!/14:.*V
.*2$!+*!06!41-505.,!+*%!:*9%122*%C!&$5!/12%5%.*!(!,/1$.*9!+*%!:6.5*2.%!,.9623*9%!*2!A962E65%C!
%15.!+62%!$2*!0623$*!&$5!2'*%.!:6%!0*$9!0623$*!46.*92*00*R!_*%!&$*%.512%!-5*2!526..*2+$*%!%*!
:1%*2.!6019%!(!/144*2/*9!:69!J!:*$.V12!A659*!$2*!6260X%*!+62%!$2*!6$.9*!0623$*!&$*!%6!
0623$*!46.*92*00*!k!F!465%!6$%%5!J!*%.V50!#$%.5A5,!+*!:91:1%*9!(!&$*0&$'$2!+*!:6X*9!$2!
:%X/>6260X%.*!:1$9!$2!.96@650!&$5!*%.!%$%:*2+$!(!06!:91/>652*!4$.6.512!:91A*%%5122*00*!+*!06!
:*9%122*C!&$5!0*!9*2@*996!:*$.VD.9*!+62%!%12!:6X%C!0'L3X:.*!:69!*?*4:0*C!1Z!50!*%.!6..*2+$!k!F!
*.!+12/C!J!&$*0!/6+9*!/12%.9$59*!:1$9!+*%!+*462+*%!%5!:*$!9*:,96-0*%!+62%!21%!/119+122,*%!
>6-5.$*00*%!k!FR!U*!+*@965.V12!:6%!+'6500*$9%!.91$@*9!$2*!A6E12!+*!9,A0,/>59!*.!+*!:69.63*9!/*%!
&$*%.512%!&$5!.1$/>*2.!,360*4*2.!(!06!&$*%.512!+$!+5%:1%5.5A!+5@62lA6$.*$50C!+$!:95?!+*%!
%,62/*%C!+*!0*$9!9,3$0695.,C!*.!+*!-5*2!+'6$.9*%!,0,4*2.%!+$!/6+9*!&$5!12.!,.,!:*2%,%!+62%!
+*%!/119+122,*%!:%X/>1%1/510135&$*%!+$!96::19.!(!%15!*.!(!6$.9$5!&$5!2*!%12.!:0$%!.1$.!(!A65.!
0*%!4D4*%R!)6!+5%/$%%512!(!-B.12%!914:$%!6@*/!0*%!/100;3$*%!1$!06!:69.5/5:6.512!*.!06!.*2$*!
+*!391$:*%!+*!%$:*9@5%512!1$!+'52.*9/12.9H0*!412.9*2.!+'6500*$9%!/14-5*2!06!:96.5&$*!
6260X.5&$*!*00*V4D4*!6!/12%5+,96-0*4*2.!/>623,!*2!]g!62%C!465%!/*06!2'*%.!:6%!6%%*8!
%1$@*2.!9*0*@,C!4*!%*4-0*V.V50!+62%!21%!.96@6$?!:0$%!.>,195&$*%[!!O*!2'65!:6%!5/5!+*!
:91:1%5.512!(!A659*C!*.!4*!:*94*.%!#$%.*!+*!%1$0532*9!&$*!0',06935%%*4*2.!+$!/>64:!+*!@5%512!
*.!0*!/>623*4*2.!+*!:152.!+*!@$*!&$*!A6@195%*!06!.96+$/.512!+'6$.*$9%!,.9623*9%!:*94*.!%62%!
/9652.*!+'*2@5%63*9!&$*!06!9,A0*?512!:%X/>6260X.5&$*!%*!.962%A194*!*.!%*!9*21$@*00*!*.!%*!
/12%.9$5%*!$2!6@*259!!
V !
V ]!!!=6!%*/12+*!9,%*9@*!:105*!%*96!+*!@1$%!+59*!&$*!#*!2*!4*!%*2%!3$;9*!&$605A5,!e!#*!+,-$.*!
@9654*2.!e:1$9!:690*9!+*!0'T$@9*!+*!I512!&$*!#*!+,/1$@9*!(!:*52*!465%!&$5!6!+,#(!/>623,!:6%!
460!+*!/>1%*%!(!46!A6E12!+*!A659*!*.!+*!:690*9!+*!:%X/>6260X%*R!=65%!/*!&$5!4*!:*94*.!
+'6@62/*9!&$62+!4D4*C!/'*%.!&$*!0*%!/100;3$*%!&$5!*2!:690*2.!*.!&$5!4*!%*4-0*2.!-5*2!:0$%!
6@62/,%!+5%*2.!%1$@*2.!6$%%5!(!:*$!:9;%!06!4D4*!/>1%*!/69!J!059*!I512!FC!/'*%.!%1$@*2.!
/144*!J!:6%%*9!$2*!A912.5;9*!F!:1$9!600*9!@5@9*!6500*$9%C!12!9*%.*!%15V4D4*!465%!12!
/144*2/*!(!:*2%*9!*.!(!9,6359!+5AA,9*44*2.!N!7691052*!S5005*9C!$2*!6260X%.*!+*!06!Q\b!&$5!
.96@6500*!I512!+*:$5%!+*%!622,*%!/144*2E65.!50!X!6!:*$!$2*!-*00*!/12A,9*2/*!%$9!/*.!6$.*$9!(!
0'^%%1/56.512!\%X/>6260X%*!*.!=,+*/52*!(!:*$!:9;%!:69!/*%!41.%!J!#*!@65%!@1$%!+*462+*9!$2*!
3962+*!6..*2.512!/69!:690*9!*.!6//$*50059!$2*!:*2%,*!/144*!/*00*!+*!I512!2'*%.!:6%!A6/50*!*.!
%$::1%*!&$'12!6//*:.*!+'*2!D.9*!.962%A194,!F!*.!50!*%.!@965!&$*!0*!:%X/>6260X%.*!0*/.*$9!1$!
6$+5.*$9!+*!I512!G50!*?5%.*!:0$%5*$9%!.,4153263*%!+*!/*06!21.644*2.!+62%!$2!05@9*!.1$.!(!A65.!
:6%%512262.!&$5!9*:9*2+!+*%!%,452659*%!+62%!0*%&$*0%!I512!%'6+9*%%65.!*.!9,:12+65.!(!+*%!
/100;3$*%!&$5!0'52.*9913*65*2.C!I512!(!06!`6@5%.1PKC!*%.!6$%%5!:91A12+,4*2.!.1$/>,!&$',.122,!
:69!%*%!9,:12%*%!.1$#1$9%!526..*2+$*%j!m0!A6$.!+12/!%'6..*2+9*!(!D.9*!+,91$.,!/69!12!%'6@62/*!
.1$#1$9%!+'$2*!A6E12!6%%*8!.B.12262.*!%62%!.91:!%6@159!1Z!+62%!/*..*!T$@9*!:1$9!0*!4152%!
1:6&$*!*.!50!*%.!&$6%5!54:1%%5-0*!+*!96%%*4-0*9C!%X2.>,.5%*9C!9,%$4*9!0*%!:152.%!&$*!0'12!
:*2%*!6@159!/14:95%R!L.!+'6500*$9%C!12!2'J!6::9*2+!F!*.!2'*2%*532*!*2!3,2,960!+*!0$5!&$*!%6!
.>,195%6.512!+*%!:*.5.%!391$:*%!*.C!(!06!953$*$9C!+*!06!A12/.512!60:>6!*.!+*!06!9D@*95*R!m0!*%.!0(!
!
n!
!
+'6500*$9%!0*!:91-0;4*!:952/5:60!+*!/*.!6$.*$9!N!50!2'X!6!:9*%&$*!95*2!(!X!6::9*2+9*!25!4D4*!
:*$.VD.9*!(!X!/14:9*2+9*!G#*!9*@5*2+965%!:0$%!.69+!0(V+*%%$%C!:1$9!:9,/5%*9!&$*!0'6//*2.!*%.!
45%!:69!I512!%$9!0*!A65.!+*!/14:9*2+9*C!+*!:9*2+9*!6@*/!%15C!+*!+*@*259!/*!&$'12!:9*2+!*.!(!
0'52@*9%*C!9*.59,!+*!/*!&$'50!X!6!(!/14:9*2+9*[K!/69!50!21$%!52@5.*!(!/14:9*2+9*!/144*2.!
21$%!/14:9*212%!-5*2!:0$%!&$'(!/14:9*2+9*!0*%!/>1%*%!&$*!21$%!*%%6X12%!+*!/14:9*2+9*R!
L.!+12/!C!0'6::91/>*!+*!/*.!6$.*$9!54:9*%%512262.!41+5A5*!:*$!(!:*$!*.!-5*2!:0$%!
:91A12+,4*2.!&$*!-*6$/1$:!+'6$.9*%!06!:96.5&$*!+*!/*$?!&$5!%'X95%&$*2.C!/69!50!2*!%'635.!
2$00*4*2.!+'$2*!.>,195*!%$::0,4*2.659*!465%!:9*%&$*!+'$2*!4,+5.6.512!:91A12+*!*.!
965%122,*!%$9!06!A6E12!+12.C!/144*!:%X/>6260X%.*C!12!%'6::91/>*!+$!:6.5*2.!&$'12!,/1$.*C!
12!%'6::91/>*!+*!%6!A6E12!+*!:*2%*9!0*!412+*C!212!:1$9!06!/19953*9!1$!0'19+122*9C!465%!:1$9!
06!A659*!/91h.9*C!06!9*2+9*!:0$%!@6%.*C!4152%!A950*$%*!*.!:0$%!%1$:0*!6$%%5C!:0$%!:*2%62.*!*2!.1$%!
/6%C!465%!:6%!6$!%*2%!52.*00*/.$*0C!6$!%*2%!+*!06!%*2%5-505.,!(!/*!&$5!21$%!*2.1$9*!*.!21$%!
6%%6500*C!+*!0'52.,95*$9!6$.62.!&$*!+*!0'*?.,95*$9R!7'*%.!$2*!%$9:95%*!&$*!+'6@159!,:91$@,!
&$*0&$*!/>1%*!+*!/*06!*2!.96+$5%62.!0*!05@9*!+*!%12!+5%/5:0*!,2641$9,!O64*%!QRS91.%.*52!R!
L.9623*!6AA659*!+'6500*$9%!&$*!/*00*V0(!N!50!X!6!/144*!$2!4X%.;9*!S91.%.*52!*.!%12!J!96X12!
+'52.*2%*!1-%/$95.,!F!21$%!0*!96::*00*!-5*2!N!0$5!&$5!6!@1$,!$2*!:6%%512!&$6%5!9*0535*$%*!:1$9!
I512!%12!6260X%.*!%*4-0*!6@159!:6%%,!$2*!-122*!:69.5*!+*!%6!@5*!(!*%%6X*9!+',/0659*9!0*%!
/12/*:.512%!-5125*22*%!6@*/!0*%&$*00*%!50!6!:1$9.62.!.96@6500,!*2!0*%!6::91A12+5%%62.!:1$9!0$5V
4D4*R!7*..*!J!1:6/5.,!1:,962.*!F!+*!0'T$@9*!+*!I512!2'*%.!+12/!2$00*4*2.!:*9/,*!&$62+!12!
%'6::91/>*!+*!%*%!/12/*:.512%!465%!+5%12%!&$'6@*/!/*!05@9*!!-9W062.!+$!A*$!+'$2*!:6%%512!
.962%A,9*2.5*00*!&$*!0*!.*4:%!2'6!:6%!41+5A5,*C!12!:0123*!+62%!0'T$@9*!*.!12!+,/1$@9*!%6!
:91A12+*$9!6$.62.!&$*!%6!:9,/5%512!6//14:632,!:69!+*!214-9*$?!6$.9*%!/12.*4:.*$9%!+$!
46h.9*!/69!S91.%.*52!2'*%.!:6%!%*$0!+62%!%12!.*?.*C!50!/5.*!6-12+644*2.!%*%!/12.*4:19652%C!
I0,62+12$C!o3+*2C!=6..*!I062/1C!b*991C!S9**2!+12.!50!,.65.!0'645!#*!/915%[!
V !
V M!!!L2A52!46!.915%5;4*!9*469&$*!:9,05452659*!%*96!$2!9*4*9/5*4*2.!!(!0'6@62/*!/69!/'*%.!$2*!
@965*!/>62/*!&$*!+*!:1$@159!:9*2+9*!652%5!06!:6910*!0123$*4*2.!+*@62.!@1$%C!+*@62.!0*!
7*9/0*!&$5!*%.!$2!05*$!*.!$2!05*2!&$5!6!/14:.,!*.!/14:.*!*2/19*!:1$9!415R!L.!+12/!#*!9*4*9/5*!
@5@*4*2.!0*!7^C!*.!2144,4*2.!\>505::*!I*$/P,C!+*!%12!52@5.6.512!*.!@1$%V4D4*%!+*!@1.9*!
6..*2.512R!L2!9,A0,/>5%%62.!(!412!:69/1$9%C!#*!+5%65%!9,/*44*2.!+62%!0*!:*.5.!391$:*!+*!
.96@650!525.5,!:69!_625*0!_*%.14-*%!%$9!J!46!@5*!*.!06!:%X/>6260X%*!F!&$'50!X!6@65.!.91:!+*!
9,$2512%!6$!7*9/0*C!.91:!+*!%159,*%!:6%%,*%!(!9*%%6%%*9!$2!:*$!0*%!4D4*!/>1%*%!*.!-*6$/1$:!
0*%!4D4*%!41.%C!(!,/1$.*9!0*%!4D4*%!*?*9/5/*%!+',06-196.512!/12@*2$%!&$5!9*+5%*2.!
.1$#1$9%!(!:*$!:9;%!0*%!4D4*%!/>1%*%!&$5!:*94*..*2.!+*!9*@5@5A5*9!.*0!1$!.*0!.*?.*!+*!b9*$+!
1$!/5.6.512!1$!%,452659*!+*!)6/62R!=65%!#'14*..65%!+*!+59*!&$*!/',.65.!6$%%5!$2*!/>62/*!&$*!
/*%!%159,*%!:1$9!/*$?!&$5!%'*?:1%65*2.!+*!&$*0&$*!:06/*!&$*!/*!%15.C!(!06!.95-$2*!1$!+62%!06!
+5%/$%%512C!$2*!/>62/*!&$*!+*!:1$@159!*?:1%*9!+*!.*4:%!*2!.*4:%!%6!A6E12!+*!.96@6500*9!(!
%*%!:659%!4D4*!%5!0'12!6!:6%!(!/>6&$*!A15%!+'5+,*!2*$@*!j!L.!+12/C!:1$9!&$*!0*!:0$%!3962+!
214-9*!-,2,A5/5*R+*!/*06C!50!A6$.!%62%!+1$.*!&$*!0*!7^!193625%*!-*6$/1$:!+*!%159,*%[!7'*%.!
06!M!*4*!A15%!:1$9!46!:69.!#*!:*2%*!&$*!#*!:9*2+%!06!:6910*!$2!4*9/9*+5C!*2!]g!62%!+*!7*9/0*C!
(!&$15!50!A6$+965.!6#1$.*9!+*$?!0123%!69.5/0*%!:$-05,%!+62%!7>*!d$15!k!+62%!0*%&$*0%!#*!A65%65%!0*!
:152.!*.!/'*%.!(!/>6&$*!A15%!.9;%!54:19.62.C!E6!:*94*.!+*!9,A0,/>59!*2!0123!%$9!%6!:96.5&$*!*.!
+*!/>*9/>*9!0*%!41.%!:1$9!:69.63*9!&$*0&$*%!:*2%,*%R!^$!7*9/0*C!#*!2*!%$5%!3$;9*!6%%5+$!/*%!
+*925;9*%!622,*%C!*.!#*!2'X!52%/95%!:6%!.62.!&$*!E6!412!.96@650!:6%!:0$%!&$*!#*!2*!4'X!%*2%!
.*00*4*2.!:0$%!*2!6//19+!6@*/!$2!/*9.652!214-9*!+*!/100;3$*%!&$'6500*$9%C!465%!@150(C!#'X!
!
p!
!
/14:.*!&$*0&$*%!645%!*.!+*%!%X4:6.>5*%!:91A12+*%!62/5*22*%!*.!A,/12+*%C!*.!/'*%.!412!
6%%1/56.512!j!q2*!9,%*9@*!&$62+!4D4*C!52/5+*2.*C!#*!+15%!+59*!&$*!#',:91$@*!&$*0&$*%!
+5AA5/$0.,%!6@*/!/*9.652*%!52A06.512%!6/.$*00*%!+*!21.9*!@1/6-$0659*C!/144*!/*00*!+*%!.*94*%!
J!,.>5&$*!+$!Q$#*.!F!1$!J!*.>5&$*!+*!06!:%X/>6260X%*!F!*.!#*!:91A5.*!+*!0'1//6%512!:1$9!@1$%!
+59*!$2!41.!+*!/*..*!3D2*!N!:1$9!6@159!-*6$/1$:!.96@6500,!*.!:95%!&$*0&$*!9*%:12%6-505.,!+62%!
0*!+14652*!+5.!+*!0',.>5&$*!4,+5/60*!e!:0$%!:9,/5%,4*2.!+*!0'*2/6+9*4*2.!,.>5&$*!+*!06!
9*/>*9/>*!-514,+5/60*VC!#'65!6::95%!(!4*!4,A5*9!6@*/!06!:0$%!*?.9D4*!@535062/*!+*!0'$.505%6.512!
+*!/*!41.!J!,.>5&$*!F!/69!12!2*!%6$965.!/12.*%.*9!/*!&$5!9*0;@*!+*!0',.>5&$*C!&$'50!%'635%%*!+*!
/*00*!06!:%X/>6260X%*C!+*!/*00*!+$!Q$#*.!1$!+*!/*00*!+'$2!/100;3$*R!7'*%.!$2!:>501%1:>*!+$!
+915.C!o05@5*9!76X06C!&$5!!4'6@65.!65+,!(!/14:9*2+9*!/*06!50!X!6!-5*2!+*%!622,*%!*2!+5%%*9.62.!
%$9!0'*4:015!+*!06!J!+5325.,!>$4652*!FR!\0$%!*2/19*!&$'$2!693$4*2.!+'6$.195.,!&$5!@5*2.!
.1$#1$9%!+$!>6$.C!&$5!%'54:1%*!*.!&$'12!:*$.!*.!%65.!6$#1$9+'>$5!9*:,9*9!*.!,@*2.$*00*4*2.!
4*..9*!*2!:5;/*%C!0'693$4*2.!,.>5&$*!/144*!0'693$4*2.!+*!06!+5325.,!>$4652*!*%.!
6-%10$4*2.!526..6&$6-0*!!*.!*4:D/>*!+*!:*2%*9!j!)'$%$9*!+*!/*!.*94*!2'*%.!&$62+!4D4*!
:6%!.1.60*!465%!#*!@1$%!6%%$9*!&$'(!/>6&$*!A15%!&$'50!4*!@5*2.!6$?!0;@9*%!1$!(!06!:0$4*C!#*!A65%!
0'*AA19.!+*!0',@5.*9C!*.!/'*%.!(!/1$:!%W9!363262.!:1$9!06!:*2%,*!/69!#*!+,/1$@9*!6019%!
544,+56.*4*2.!0'54:*2%,!&$'50!,.65.!@*2$!46%&$*9R!)'6$.9*!52/12@,25*2.!+*!/*!41.C!
&$15&$'12!+5%*C!/'*%.!&$'50!A65.!96:5+*4*2.!305%%*9!+62%!$2*!:1%5.512!+*!%$9:014-C!/*!&$5C!#*!
0'65!+5.!:0$%!>6$.C!2'*%.!@9654*2.!:0$%!+*!45%*CV!0*!7*9/0*!0$5V4D4*!+62%!%12!693$4*2.!+*!
0'622,*!0'6!%1$0532,V!*.C!#*!0*!+5965%!%62%!+1$.*!:0$%!-6%C!2'*%.!@9654*2.!:6%!6+6:.,!(!21.9*!
:96.5&$*R!
!
!
VVVVVV!
^!I*64!1A!52.*2%*!+69P2*%%!
!
O'*2!@5*2%!4652.*262.!6$!.5.9*!+*!/*!05@9*!*.!+*!412!*?:1%,C!J!^!-*64!1A!52.*2%*!+69P2*%%!F!J!$2!
96X12!+'52.*2%*!1-%/$95.,!F!%1$%V.5.9,!J!/*!&$*!I512!6!0,3$,!(!06!:%X/>6260X%*!F!N!O64*%!QR!S91.%.*52!X!
96/12.*!&$'(!06!A52!+'$2*!%,62/*C!I512!%12!6260X%.*!%'*%.!0*@,C!6!:95%!$2!05@9*!+62%!%6!-5-051.>;&$*C!$2*!
,+5.512!600*462+*!+*!06!/199*%:12+62/*!+*!b9*$+!(!)1$!^2+9,6%!Q6014,!*.!0$5!*2!6!.96+$5.!$2!
:6%%63*!6$!+,-1..,!N!J!Y$62+!12!/12+$5.!$2*!6260X%*C!50!A6$.!:91#*.*9!$2!96X12!+'52.*2%*!1-%/$95.,!
6A52!+*!45*$?!A659*!0$59*!+62%!0*%!.,2;-9*%!/*!&$5!#$%&$*V0(!6@65.!,.,!1-%/$9/5!:69!0',/06.!+*!
0'500$4526.512!FR!
q2*!9*/>*9/>*!6%%*8!%54:0*C!/69!/'*%.!$2*!0*..9*!&$*!I512!/5.65.!%1$@*2.C!:*94*.!+*!9*.91$@*9!06!0*..9*!
*2!&$*%.512!V!50!%'635.!+'$2*!0*..9*!+6.,*!+$!]p!465!"f"r!G!*.!#*!9,605%*!*2!,/95@62.!&$'50!X!6!+12/!/*2.!
62%!+*!/*06C!*.!&$*!21$%!,.512%!*2!:0*52*!-6.6500*!+*!d*9+$2V!KC!*.!b9*$+!X!*?:05&$*!(!)1$!&$'50!6!+62%!
%*%!,/95.%!J!9*%%*99,!0*!+56:>9634*!+*!%6!:*2%,*!:1$9!A1/605%*9!06!0$45;9*!%$9!0*!%*$0!:152.!
+'1-%/$95.,C!*2!9*212E62.!(!.1$.*!@$*!+'*2%*4-0*C!(!.1$.*!>694125*C!.1$.*!21-0*%%*!+*!%.X0*C!(!.1$.!
/*!&$*!@1$%!6::*0*8!0*!%X4-105&$*C!/9653262.C!52%.9$5.!:69!0'*?:,95*2/*C!&$*!.1$.*!:9,.*2.512!+*!/*.!
19+9*C!.1$.!*%:159!+'62.5/5:6.512C!2'*2.9652*!6@*/!0$5!0*!95%&$*!+*!@159!+,A53$9*9!0'1-#*.!(!/1226h.9*C!
1 / 17 100%
La catégorie de ce document est-elle correcte?
Merci pour votre participation!

Faire une suggestion

Avez-vous trouvé des erreurs dans linterface ou les textes ? Ou savez-vous comment améliorer linterface utilisateur de StudyLib ? Nhésitez pas à envoyer vos suggestions. Cest très important pour nous !