Télécharger le dossier pédagogique et historique

!
"!
!"#$%"#&'()**#$&'+,&-.(,%"#&'/'01)(2+.3&415,2)$,&6#
#$)1)(2+.3&415,2)$,&6#%! &'&()*+,-'./)&0/,12%! &415,2)$,&6#' $,7#(-),(#'
+3!&415,2)$,&6#' )1)(2+,&-#' 2,4! 3'! ,-'./)&0/,12! 5&,6! ,3(! 02,! 7(/')/72,!
.2!8+')4/+''212'4! .2! 0$&'&()*/,129! #$)1)(2+.3&415,2)$,&6#' 7234! :4(2! )+17(/,!
)+112!,-'+'-12! .2! &'&()*+;)+113'/,12%! .2! ,+)/&0/,12! 0/52(4&/(2%! .2!
)+113'/,12!0/52(4&/(2%! +3! .2! 0$&'&()*/,12! ,+)/&0/,429! <&',! )2! )+3(&'4! .2!
7*/0+,+7*/2! 7+0/4/=32! /0! '$-! &! 7&,! .2! )2'4(&0/,12! 6)+'+1/=32! +3! 7+0/4/=32!
>)+'4(&/(212'4! &3! )+002)4/?/,12! 1&(@/,42A! )&(! 0&! 8+(12! .2! 0$+(B&'/,&4/+'! 2,4! 0/5(2!
>&,,+)/&4/+''/,12%! 86.6(&0/,12999A! 24! 2002! '2! .67&,,2! 7&,! 0&! ?+0+'46! .2,! /'./?/.3,! >)&(! 7+,,/5/0/46! .2!
(6?+)&4/+'! .2,! 1&'.&46,A9! <2! 703,%! 7+3(! 02,! &'&()*+;,-'./)&0/,42,%! 023(! /.6+0+B/2! '$2,4! &5,+0312'4! 7&,!
,-'+'-12!.2!.6,+(.(2!,+)/&0!+3!.$&'+1/2!1&/,!&3!)+'4(&/(2! .$+(.(2!,+)/&0!&5,+03! B(C)2!'+4&112'4!&3!
)+002)4/?/,12!&'4/;)&7/4&0/,42!=3/!)+'4(&/(212'4!D!0$/.62!.2!!"##$##%"&'!(%)*$',3BBE(2! 0$/.62!.2!!"##$##%"&'
%&+%)%+,$--$' '2! B&(&'4/,,&'4! =3&'4! D! 2002! &3)3'! .(+/4! )+')2('&'4! 02,! 5/2',! &"&' ,.%-%#*#"%! 24! D! 4(&?2(,! 0&!
0/52(46! 7+0/4/=32! >1&'.&4212'4! /176(&4/8%! &34+B2,4/+'%! 86.6(&0/,12%! .61+)(&4/2! ./(2)42%! 1&'.&46,!
4217+(&/(212'4!24!(6?+)&502,%!24)A9!F+3(!,2,!7&(4/,&',%!0$)1)(2+.3&415,2)$,&6#' 24G+3!0H&'&()*/,12!2,4!
.+')!+(B&'/,6!24! ,4(3)43(69!I'!.$&34(2,!42(12,%!02! 1/0/4&'4!&'&()*+,-'./)&0/,42!7+,2!02! ,-'./)&4!)+112!
8+(12! .$+(B&'/,&4/+'! .2,! 4(&?&/0023(,%! 24! (283,2! 02! 7(/')/72! .2! 7&(4/%! .$&,,+)/&4/+'! +3! .2! (2B(+37212'4!
)+(7+(&4/,429!#2!,-'./)&4!2,4!&0+(,!0&!,4(3)43(2!=3/!72(124!&3@!)0&,,2,!+77(/162,!.2!,$+(B&'/,2(!D!0&!5&,2!
24! .2! 12'2(! 0&! 03442! ,20+'! 02,! )*+/@! .2,! /'./?/.3,! (2B(+376,! 2'! )+002)4/8,! 24! '+'! ,20+'! .2,! ./(2)4/?2,!
*/6(&()*/=32,!.+''62,!7&(!3'!53(2&3!7+0/4/=32!>2'!.$&34(2!42(12,%!.3!5&,!?2(,!02!*&34!24!'+'!.3!*&34!?2(,!
02!5&,A9
8.1-#9-#'#-')**)(,-,.1'5"'-#(6#
#2! ,-'./)&0/,12! (6?+034/+''&/(2! 2,4! &77&(3! ?2(,! 0&! 8/'! .3! JKJ2! ,/E)02%! 1&(=3&'4! )2(4&/'2,! .2,! 7&B2,!
2,,2'4/2002,!.2!0$*/,4+/(2!.3!1+3?212'4!+3?(/2(9!K0!2,4!0$3'!.2,!)+3(&'4,!8+'.&423(,!.2!0&!LMN!8(&'O&/,2!&3!
4+3('&'4!.3!,/E)02%!&?2)!.2!'+15(23@!1/0/4&'4,!&'&()*/,42,!)+112!P1/02!F+3B24%!(6.&)423(!2'!)*28!.2!0&
(2?32!/$'01($'0$%&2(+%!+3!Q2('&'.!F200+34/2(%!8+'.&423(!.2,!R+3(,2,!.3!4(&?&/09!S7(E,!0&!F(21/E(2!M32((2!
1+'./&02! 24! 0&! T6?+034/+'! 5+0)*6?/=32%! 0&! LMN! ,2! ,)/'.2! 2'! "UV"%! 3'2! 7&(4/2! )(6&'4! 0&! L+'86.6(&4/+'!
B6'6(&02!.3!4(&?&/0!3'/4&/(2!>LMNWA!=3/!&773/2!02,!5+0)*2?/=32,9
:()-,%"#&'#-',5;.$.<,#'5#'$=)1)(2+.3&415,2)$,&6#
/$'.3$(4"41.($'+$#'#2-2%($#'>"XUYA!#2,!1/0/4&'4,!&'&()*+,-'./)&0/,42,!+'4!
4*6+(/,6!'+15(2!.2!7(&4/=32,!,-'./)&02,9!Z$/0,!+'4!52&3)+37!(6806)*/!,3(!0&!
B(E?2!B6'6(&02!)+112!1+-2'!7+3(!0&!)0&,,2!+3?(/E(2!.2,2!(6&77(+7(/2(!
,2,! +34/0,! .2! 7(+.3)4/+'%! /0,! +'4! &3,,/! 7+730&(/,6! 0$&)4/+'! ./(2)42!
>+))37&4/+',%! 7/=324,! .2! B(E?2A%! 02! ,&5+4&B2! >(283,! .2! 7(+.3/(2! .2,!
1&()*&'./,2,! .2! =3&0/46%! 24! 5+-)+44! 7&(! 02,! 7(+064&/(2,! .2,! 7(+.3/4,! 2'!
=32,4/+'A! )+112! 1+-2',! .$&)4/+'%! &/',/! =32%! .&',! )2(4&/',! )&,%! 0&!
(6&77(+7(/&4/+'!./(2)42!.2,!(/)*2,,2,!7(+.3/42,9
F(['&'4!0$&'4/&34+(/4&(/,12!24!02!0/5(2!)*+/@!.2,!4(&?&/0023(,!2'!03442!=3&'4!
&3@!1+.&0/46,!.2!0$+(B&'/,&4/+'!24!.3!,3/?/!.2,!)+'80/4,%!24!(283,&'4!4+342!
/.62!.$P4&4%!834;/0!7(+064&(/2'%!02,!&'&()*+,-'./)&0/,42,!>24!02,!&'&()*/,42,!
2'! B6'6(&0A! ,2! ,+'4! 4(E,! ,+3?2'4! 4(+3?6,! 86(+)212'4! +77+,6,! &3@!
1/0/4&'4,!.$+56./2')2!1&(@/,429
W'!7(/')/72!1&\23(!.2!0$&'&()*+,-'./)&0/,12!2,4!.2!0/2(!8+(4212'4!0&!03442!
)+'4(2!02,!8+(12,!.$2@70+/4&4/+'!24!.$&0/6'&4/+'!.&',!0&!,+)/646!&)432002!&?2)!0$+5\2)4/8!?/,6!.2!)+',4(3/(2!
3'2! ,+)/646! )+113'/,42! 0/52(4&/(29! I'! .$&34(2,!42(12,%! 0$&'&()*+;,-'./)&0/,12! 2'! 4&'4! =32! 4*6+(/2! 24!
7(&4/=32%! /'4EB(2! 3'2! ?/,/+'! .$3'! 7(+\24! 7+0/4/=32! B0+5&09! L2! 0/2'! 8+(4! 2'4(2! &'&()*+,-'./)&0/,12! 24!
)+113'/,12! 0/52(4&/(2! ,2! 4(&.3/4! 7&(! 3'2! /.2'4/46! .2! 7(/')/72,! 24! .2! 7(&4/=32,]! .61+)(&4/2! ./(2)42%!
(+4&4/+'!.2,!4C)*2,%!&'4/&34+(/4&(/,12%!,+0/.&(/46%!86.6(&0/,129!^'!+5,2(?2!)272'.&'4%!D!.2,!4/4(2,!./?2(,!
,20+'!02,!+(B&'/,&4/+',!=3/!,2!(6)0&12'4!.2!0$&'&()*+;,-'./)&0/,12%!.2,!6)&(4,!2'4(2!)2,!7(/')/72,!24!02,!
7(&4/=32,!)+')(E42,9!<&',!)2(4&/',!)&,%!0$6)&(4!.2?/2'4!,/!B(&'.%!0$&44&)*212'4!D!)2(4&/',!.2!)2,!7(/')/72,!,/!
8&/502%!=32!0$/.2'4/46!_&'&()*+;!,-'./)&0/,42_!+3!2')+(2!_&'&()*/,42_!2,4!(6B30/E(212'4!'/62!]!3'!4(&?&/0!.2!
(2.68/'/4/+'!/.2'4/4&/(2!24!B6'6(&0212'4!,4(&46B/=32!2,4!&0+(,!D!0$`3?(29!

!
V!
>#'&467.$,&6#')1)(2+.3&415,2)$,&-#
#2!.(&72&3!(+3B2!24!'+/(!2,4!02!,-15+02!.2,!1+3?212'4,!&'&()*+;,-'./)&0/,42,!24!
&'&()*+;)+113'/,42,9!#2!'+/(!64&'4!0&!)+3023(!4(&./4/+''2002!.2!0$S'&()*/,12!24!02!
(+3B2! )2002! .3! Z+)/&0/,129! #2! .(&72&3! (+3B2! 24! '+/(! (63'/4! )2,! .23@! )+3023(,! 2'!
7&(4,!6B&02,%!,67&(62,!7&(!3'2!./&B+'&029!#&!7&(4/2!(+3B2!2,4!*&5/43200212'4!70&)62!
2'!*&34!D!B&3)*2%!24!0&!'+/(2!2'!5&,!D!.(+/429!Z-15+02!.2!0&!)+*&5/4&4/+'!.2,!/.6&3@!
&'&()*/,42!24!,+)/&0/,42!&3!,2/'!.3!1+3?212'4!&'&()*+;,-'./)&0/,42%!/0!(27(6,2'42!
6B&0212'4!02, 1+-2',!,+)/&3@!1/,!2'!`3?(2!7&(!02!1+3?212'4!7+3(!&((/?2(!D!.2,!
8/',!&'&()*/,42,9
>#'2+)-'1.,(
<2,,/'6!&?2)!02!.+,!&(=36%!0&!=3232!65+3(/8862%!1+'4(&'4!02,!B(/882,!24!02,!.2'4,%!
02! 526"782.' +3! 9266:782.' &! 0+'B4217,! 646! 02! ,-15+02! .$3'! &7720! D! 0$&)4/+'!
./(2)42! ,3(! 02! 0/23! .2! 7(+.3)4/+'%! 2'! 7&(4/)30/2(! &3! ,&5+4&B29! L2,! /003,4(&4/+',!
64&/2'4!64(+/4212'4! 0/62,!D!0&!?/2!.2,! ,&',!.+1/)/02!8/@29!L+112!,&!7+,/4/+'!02!
,3BBE(2%!02!)*&4!,-15+0/,2!0&!B(E?2!24!02!,-'./)&0/,12!(&./)&09
#2,! +(/B/'2,! .2! )2! ,-15+02! '2! ,+'4! 7&,! )0&/(2,%! 1&/,! ,20+'! 3'2! &'2).+42%! /0!
7(+?/2'.(&/4!.$3'2!B(E?2!.2!0$Kaa!=3/!&3(&/4!.6B6'6(69!F03,/23(,!1215(2,!+'4!
646! 4&5&,,6! 24! )+'.3/4! D! 0$*[7/4&0%! &3! 1:12! 1+12'4! 3'! )*&4! '+/(! 1&/B(2024!
,$/',4&00&!.&',!02!)&17!.2,!B(6?/,42,9!#2,!B(6?/,42,!'+3((/(2'4!02 )*&4!24!/0!(27(/4!
8+()2!D!12,3(2!=32!0&!B(E?2!4+3('&/4!2'!8&?23(!.2,!4(&?&/0023(,9!Q/'&0212'4%!02,!
4(&?&/0023(,!?/(2'4!=320=32,;3'2,!.2!023(,!.21&'.2,!,&4/,8&/42,!24!&.+74E(2'4!02!)*&4!)+112!1&,)+4429
#2! '+1! .2! b! L*&4! c+/(! d! &! 646! &.+746! 7&(! .2! '+15(23@! +(B&'/,12,! 24! )+002)4/8,! ,2! (2?2'./=3&'4! .3!
1+3?212'4! &'&()*/,429! <$3'! 7+/'4! .2! ?32! */,4+(/=32%! 02! )*&4! '+/(! 2,4! &,,+)/6! D! 0&! ,+()2002(/2! 24! &3@!
1&3?&/,!7(6,&B2,9!L2!,-15+02!(21+'42!&3@!&')/2''2,!)3043(2,!5&5-0+'/2''2,!24!*65(&e=329!#$34/0/,&4/+'!
.2!0&!,+()2002(/2!72(.3(2!.2!'+,!\+3(,f!0$&'&()*/,12!24!0&!,+()2002(/2!7&(4&B2'4!.+')!02!,-15+02!.3!)*&4!
'+/(%!5/2'!=32!)2442!.2('/E(2!'2!02!(27(6,2'42!7&,!8+()612'4!02!.+,!&(=36!2'!7+,/4/+'!.2!)+15&49
>#'&)7.-
#2! ,&5+4! 2,4! 6B&0212'4! 3'! ,-15+02! .2! ,&5+4&B29! #2! ,&5+4! 64&/4! 3'!
,-15+02! &'&()*/,42! &3! JKJE12! 24! &3! .6534! .3! JJE12!,/E)02,%! 5/2'! =32!
,+'! 34/0/,&4/+'! &/4! 7(+B(2,,/?212'4! ./,7&(32! .273/,9! #2! 1+4! ,&5+4&B2!
7(+?/2'4! ,&',! .+342! .3! 1+4! ,&5+4%! 2'! (686(2')2! D! 3'2! 4&)4/=32! .2!
,-'./)&0/,42,!g+00&'.&/,%! =3/! 0&'O&/2'4! 023(,! ,&5+4,! .&',! 02,! 2'B(2'&B2,!
.2,!3,/'2,%!)2 =3/!2'B2'.(&/4!3'!&((:4!.3!4(&?&/0!\3,=3$D!(67&(&4/+'!.2!0&!
7&''29! W'2! 42)*'/=32! ,/1/0&/(2%! &.+7462! 7&(! 02,! S16(/)&/',! 7+3(! 217:)*2(! 02,! '+';! B(6?/,42,! .2!
(2170&)2(! 02,! ,-'./=36,! 2'! B(E?2%! )+',/,4&/4! D! 0&')2(! .2,! )06,! D! 1+02442,! D! 0&! 70&)2! .2,! ,&5+4,!
>4"&;$:<($&=3%&>A9!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
'
'

!
h!
8.1?;5;()-,.1'<;1;()$#'5"'-()@),$'
!
! ! A#&'.(,<,1#&'B'CDCD'
i "XYj!]!#2!Vk!1&/%!,377(2,,/+'!.3!.60/4!.2!)+&0/4/+'!24!.2!B(E?2!>#+/!^00/?/2(A9!L2442!0+/!124!3'!42(12!D!0&!
#+/!#2!L*&720/2(9!L(6&4/+'!.2!0$S,,+)/&4/+'!/'42('&4/+'&02!.2,!4(&?&/0023(,!./42!K(2!K'42('&4/+'&02!D!
#+'.(2,9!
i "j!'+?215(2!"XYU!]!8+'.&4/+'!7&(!I3BE'2!l&(0/'%!.606B36!.2!0$SKN!24!7(6,/.2'4%!&?2)!c&4*&0/2!#2120%!
.$3'2!Z+)/646!.$I7&(B'2!.2!L(6./4!m34320!.2,!T20/23(,%!.2!0&!Q6.6(&4/+'!F&(/,/2''2!.2,!Z+)/646,!
^3?(/E(2,!&34+3(!.$3'2!Z+)/646!.2!Z+0/.&(/46!.2,!^3?(/2(,!T20/23(,!.2!F&(/,!7(62@/,4&'429!L$2,4!02!
'+-&3!7&(/,/2'!.2!0&!8343(2!LMN!'&4/+'&029!
i "Xn"!]!#&!L+113'2!.2!F&(/,!]!#2,!F&(/,/2',!,2!(6?+042'4!)+'4(2!02!7+3?+/(!24!60/,2'4!3'2!&,,215062!=3/!
7(2'.! 02! '+1! .2! L+113'29! #&! (67(2,,/+'! .3! B+3?2('212'4! 8&/4! 7(E,! .2! 4(2'42! 1/002! 1+(4,9!
o3?(2!,+)/&02!.2!0&!L+113'2!.2!F&(/,!]!&5+0/4/+'!.3!4(&?&/0!.2!'3/4!.&',!02,!5+30&'B2(/2,%!B2,4/+'!
.61+)(&4/=32! .2,! 2'4(27(/,2,! 82(162,! 7&(! 02! 7&4(+'&4! +3! 4(&?&/00&'4! 7+3(! 0&! L+113'29!
S77&(/4/+'!.3!7(21/2(!1+3?212'4!861/'/'!.2!1&,,29!K',4&3(&4/+'!.2!0$6)+02!B(&43/42!24!0&e=329!
i "Xn"!;!"XXh!]!m&0B(6!0$*6)&4+152!1/0/4&'42!.2!"Xn"%!0&!.6)2''/2!?+/4!6)0&42(!.2!'+15(23,2,!B(E?2,9!W'!
(&77+(4! .2! 7+0/)2! .6'+15(2! "XV! ,-'./)&4,!(&,,2150&'4! h"!npp! &.*6(2'4,! 2'! "XnY9!q3&4(2!&',!
703,!4&(.%!02,!)*/88(2,!,+'4!(2,72)4/?212'4!.2!jnX!24!Yj!ppp9!
i "XXj!]! #2! V"! 1&(,%! ?+42! .2! 0&! 0+/! 06B&0/,&'4! 02,! ,-'./)&4,! 7(+82,,/+''20,! +3?(/2(,! 24! 7&4(+'&3@!D!
0$/'/4/&4/?2!.2!a&0.2)r;T+3,,2&39!
i "XXY!]!L(6&4/+'! .2!0&!Q6.6(&4/+'!'&4/+'&02!.2,!,-'./)&4,!>QcZA%!.$/',7/(&4/+'!B32,./,429!s302,! M32,.2%!
0$3'! .2,! ,+)/&0/,42,! 02,! 703,! )+''3,! 24! 02,! 703,! &)4/8,%! )+'4(/532! D! 0&! ./883,/+'! .2,! /.62,! .2! t&(0!
m&(@!2'!Q(&')29!
i "XXn!]!L(6&4/+'!.2!0&!R+3(,2!.3!N(&?&/0!.2!F&(/,9!
i "XU"!]! #&! 7(21/E(2! \+3('62! .$&)4/+'! 7+3(! 0&! \+3('62! .2! X! *23(2,!02! "2(!1&/! ,$&)*E?2! .&',! 02! ,&'B! D!
Q+3(1/2,f! 2002! ,2! 7(+0+'B2! 7&(! .2,! B(E?2,! 4+34! &3! 0+'B! .3! 1+/,f! 0&! (2?2'./)&4/+'! '$2,4! 7&,!
,&4/,8&/42%!1&/,!)2442!7(21/E(2!&)4/+'!)+')2(462!&3!'/?2&3!'&4/+'&0!&!3'!B(&'.!6)*+9!
i "XUV!]!L(6&4/+'!.2!0&!Q6.6(&4/+'!.2,!R+3(,2,!.3!4(&?&/0%!1&(=362!7&(!02!,-'./)&0/,12!(6?+034/+''&/(2!
.2!Q2('&'.!F200+34/2(9!M(E?2!.2,!1/'23(,!.2!L&(1&3@9!
i "XUk!]! L+'B(E,! )+',4/434/8! .2! 0&! )+'86.6(&4/+'! B6'6(&02! .3! 4(&?&/0! LMN! D! #/1+B2,! .3! Vh! &3! VX!
,274215(2V9!#2,!7(/')/7&3@!7/0/2(,!2'!,+'4!0&!86.6(&4/+'!.3!0/?(2!24!)2002!.2,!)*21/'+4,%!1&/,!.2!
'+15(23@!164/2(,!(2,42'4!*+(,!.2!0&!LMN9!s3,=3$2'!"UpV%!0$6)*20+'!)+'86.6(&0!(2,42!1&0!+(B&'/,69!
i "Upp!]!L(6&4/+'!.3!\+3('&0!/2'?"%@'+,'!$,!-$h%!+(B&'2!.2!0&!LMN9!
i "Up"!]!<6)E,!.2!Q2('&'.!F200+34/2(9!
i "UpV!]! #$&''62! 1&(=32! 0$+3?2(43(2! .$3'2! '+3?2002! 76(/+.2! .&',! 0&! ?/2! .2! 0&! LMN9! S3! )+'B(E,! .2!
m+'47200/2(!2002!7&(&)*E?2!,+'!3'/469!#&!Q6.6(&4/+'!.2,!R+3(,2,!.3!4(&?&/0!,$288&)2!2'!4&'4!=32!
)2'4(&02! 24! ,2,! +(B&'/,&4/+',! ,$/'4EB(2'4! .&',! 0&! LMN9! L2442! 3'/46! (6&0/,62! )+',4/432! 3'! 7[02!
.$&44(&)4/+'! 7+3(! 52&3)+37! .$+(B&'/,&4/+',! (2,462,! \3,=32;0D! .&',! 0$2@72)4&4/?29! #2! ,-'./)&4! ,2!
,4(3)43(2!&?2)!0$&)4/+'!.$*+112,!)+112!l/)4+(!M(/88320*2,!24!P1/02!F+3B249!#&!LMN!)+1742!&0+(,!
"pp!ppp!&.*6(2'4,9!
i "Upj!]!#2!L+'B(E,!.2!R+3(B2,!&.+742!0&!(2?2'./)&4/+'!.2!0&!\+3('62!.2!X!*23(2,9!
i "UpY!]!L*&(42!.$S1/2',!]!)2442!)*&(42!&.+7462!2'!)+'B(E,%!.+''2!&3!,-'./)&0/,12!)+'86.6(&0!=320=32,;
3',! .2! ,2,! 4(&/4,! ,76)/8/=32,!]! 0&! 03442! .2,! )0&,,2,%! 0&! 03442! =3+4/./2''2! 7+3(! .2,! &160/+(&4/+',!
/116./&42,! 1&/,! &3,,/! 0&! 03442! 7+3(! 0&! ./,7&(/4/+'! .3! ,&0&(/&4!24! .3! 7&4(+'&4%! &/',/! =32! ,+'!
/'.672'.&')2!?/,;D;?/,!.2,!+(B&'/,&4/+',!7+0/4/=32,9!L2442!L*&(42!2,4!(27(/,2!&3\+3(.$*3/!)+112!
(686(2')2!7&(!0&!7037&(4!.2,!,-'./)&4,9!#+(,!.3!)+'B(E,%!02,!B32,./,42,!,+'4!1/,!2'!1/'+(/46!7&(!
02,!(6?+034/+''&/(2,!24!02,!(68+(1/,42,9!#2!)+'B(E,!(+174!6B&0212'4!&?2)!0&!Q6.6(&4/+'!,-'./)&02!
/'42('&4/+'&029!
i "Upn!]!S.*6,/+'!.2!0&!Q6.6(&4/+'!c&4/+'&02!.2,!Z-'./)&4,!.$K',4/43423(,9!
i "UpX!]!#&!86.6(&4/+'!.2,!m/'23(,!(&00/2!0&!LMN!723!.2!4217,!&7(E,!0&!B(E?2!.2!<(&?2/0;l/002'23?2;Z&/'4;
M2+(B2,!&3!)+3(,!.2!0&=32002!.2!'+15(23@!)&.(2,!.2!0&!LMN!,+'4!&((:46,9!#2!L+'B(E,!.2!m&(,2/002!
,2!4/2'4!2'!+)4+5(2!"UpX%!&0+(,!=3$3'!B(&'.!'+15(2!.2!./(/B2&'4,!)6B64/,42,!,+'4!2'!7(/,+'9!W'2!
1+4/+'!?/B+3(23,212'4!&'4/1/0/4&(/,42!2,4!&.+74629!

!
j!
i "UpU!]! l/)4+(! M(/88320*2,!.61/,,/+''29! <3(&'4! ,+'! )+3(4! /'46(/1%!#+3/,! c/20!(2'+32! 02,! 0/2',! &?2)! 0&!
Q6.6(&4/+'! ,-'./)&02! /'42('&4/+'&02%! 1&/,! /0! .+/4! .61/,,/+''2(! ,+3,! 0&! 7(2,,/+'! .2,!
(6?+034/+''&/(2,9!L2442!+(/2'4&4/+'!'2!,2(&!7&,!(21/,2!2'!)&3,2!7&(!,+'!,3))2,,23(%!#6+'!s+3*&3@%!
7(+)*2!.2,!./4,!(6?+034/+''&/(2,%!1&/,!=3/!,&3(&!4(&)2(!7(+B(2,,/?212'4!,&!7(+7(2!?+/29!
i #2! k! +)4+5(2%!7&(&u4! 02! 7(21/2(! '316(+! .2! 0&! ?%$' ",)(%1($%! =3/! ,2! .68/'/4! )+112! b!,-'./)&0/,42!
T6?+034/+''&/(2%!&'4/7&(0212'4&/(2!d9!#&!(2?32!2,4!./(/B62!7&(!F/2((2!m+'&4429!L$2,4!0$&'):4(2!.2!
/2'A",)$--$'?%$'",)(%1($!>cl^A!=3/!2,4!4+3\+3(,!0&!(2?32!.2!0&!LMN9!
i "U"p!]!R/2'!=32!.21&'.62!&3!)+'B(E,!.2!"XUk%!0&!LMN!,$+77+,2!D!0&!0+/!,3(!02,!(24(&/42,!+3?(/E(2,!24!
7&-,&''2,!D!,+'!)+'B(E,!.2!"U"p!7&(!"pjU!?+/@!)+'4(2!Vk"9!#2,!(6?+034/+''&/(2,!?2302'4!&5&44(2!
0$P4&4%!'+'!=3$/0!,+/4!,+)/&09!#$CB2!.2!0&!(24(&/42!64&'4!8/@6!D!Yk!&',!=3&'.!0$2,76(&')2!.2!?/2!2,4!.2!
kp!&',%!0&!LMN!7&(02!.2!0&!_(24(&/42!.2,!1+(4,_9!^'!)(/4/=32!6B&0212'4!,&!B2,4/+'!7&(!)&7/4&0/,&4/+'9!
i "U"V!]!#&!LMN!2,4!0&!,2302!)+'86.6(&4/+'!,-'./)&02!2@/,4&'42!2'!Q(&')2%!2002!)+1742!npp!ppp!&.*6(2'4,!
,3(!3'!4+4&0!.2!n!1/00/+',!.2!,&0&(/6,9!#2!Vj!'+?215(2%!2002!4/2'4!3'!)+'B(E,!2@4(&+(./'&/(2!,3(!02!
4*E12!.2!0$&)4/+'!7(6?2'4/?2!)+'4(2!0&!B32((29!
i "U"h!]!L+',4/434/+'!.3!Z2)(64&(/&4!,-'./)&0!/'42('&4/+'&0!&3=320!7&(4/)/72!0&!LMN9!#2!Vk!86?(/2(%!0&!LMN!
7350/2!3'!1&'/82,42!&'4/1/0/4&(/,429!
i "U"j!]! #&! LMN! )+1742! 2'?/(+'! hpp!ppp! &.*6(2'4,9! #&! LMN! +(B&'/,2! .2,! 1&'/82,4&4/+',! ,-'./)&02,!
)+'4(2! 0&! B32((2! 02! Vn! \3/00249! #2! h"! \3/0024%! s2&'! s&3(E,! 2,4! &,,&,,/'69! #2! "2(!&+v4! )$2,4! 0&!
1+5/0/,&4/+'!B6'6(&02!24!02!.6534!.2!0&!B32((2!"jG"X9!#2!h!&+v4%!)$2,4!0&!.6)0&(&4/+'!.2!B32((2!.2!
0$S0021&B'2!D!0&!Q(&')29!#2!j!&+v4%!0&!LMN!(&00/2!0$W'/+'!,&)(629!#+(,!.3!LLc!.2!0&!LMN%!42'3!.3!VY!
'+?215(2!&3!k!.6)215(2%!,2302!3'2!1/'+(/46!,2!7(+'+')2!)+'4(2!0&!B32((29!F2'.&'4!02,!j!&',!.2!
B32((2%! =320=32,! 1/0/4&'4,! LMN! 420! Q60/@! R&3.-!83(2'4! 83,/006,! 7+3(! 0$2@21702!&7(E,! &?+/(! 646!
.6,/B'6,!7+3(!1+4/8!.$&77&(42'&')2!D!0&!LMN9!
<3!8&/4!.2!0&!B32((2%!.2,!82112,!7(2''2'4!.2,!(2,7+',&5/0/46,!&3!,2/'!.2!0$+(B&'/,&4/+'!42002!
g60E'2!R(/+'%!m&.202/'2!l2('249!
i "U"k!]!<61/,,/+'!.2!F/2((2!m+'&442!02!h!\&'?/2(!2'!7(+42,4&4/+'!)+'4(2!02!(&00/212'4!.2!0&!LMN!D!0$W'/+'!
Z&)(629!#&!B32((2!8&/4!)*342(!02,!2882)4/8,!D!kp!ppp!&.*6(2'4,9!
i "U"n!]!<&',!0$&''62%!+'!)+1742!YUY!B(E?2,!24!VUh!X"p!B(6?/,42,!2'!Q(&')29!F&(&00E0212'4%!02,!2882)4/8,!
(21+'42'4!D!hpp!ppp9!#2,!Y!24!n!'+?215(2!)$2,4!0&!(3743(2!.2!0$W'/+'!,&)(629!S3!1:12!1+12'4!&!
0/23!0&!T6?+034/+'!.$^)4+5(2!2'!T3,,/29!
i "U"X!]!<&',!0$&''62!+'!(2)2',2!jUU!B(E?2,!24!"nY!"Xn!B(6?/,42,!2'!Q(&')2!24!0&!LMN!7&,,2!D!Ypp!ppp!
&.*6(2'4,9!
i "U"U!]!Vk!1&(,!]!0+/!,3(!02,!)+'?2'4/+',!)+002)4/?2,9!VX!1&(,!]!0+/!,377(/1&'4!02!4(&?&/0!.2!'3/4!.&',!02,!
5+30&'B2(/2,9!Vh!&?(/0!]!0+/,!,3(!0&!\+3('62!.2!X!*23(2,9! #2! "2(!1&/!B(E?2!B6'6(&02!.2!Vj!*23(2,!
1&(=362!7&(!kpp!ppp!1&'/82,4&'4,!D!F&(/,!>"!1+(4A9!#&! LMN!7&,,2!D!3'! 2882)4/8!.2! "!1/00/+'!24!
.21/! .$&.*6(2'4,9! <&',! 0$&''62%! +'! )+1742! V! VpY! B(E?2,! 24! "!"Yp!ppp! B(6?/,42,! 2'! Q(&')29!
L(6&4/+'!.2!0&!L+'86.6(&4/+'!8(&'O&/,2!.2,!4(&?&/0023(,!)*(64/2',!>LQNLA9!hp!&?(/0!]!F/2((2!m+'&442!
)(62!02,!L+1/46,!,-'./)&0/,42,!(6?+034/+''&/(2,9!
'
'
'
'
'
'
'

!
k!
CDEFG',$'4')'2#1-')1&H'
>)'8IJG'#1-(#'*(#6,K(#'#9*;(,#12#'5#'<(K@#'<;1;()$#''#-'
)5.*-,.1'5#'$)'8+)(-#'5=06,#1&!
K0!2,4!34/02!.2!(2?2'/(!&3@!&''62,!.3!.6534!.3!,/E)02!.2('/2(%!.&',!)2442!76(/+.2!+w!02,!
4(&?&/0023(,!)+',4(3/,&/2'4!023(,!7(21/E(2,!+(B&'/,&4/+',!.2!1&,,2%!)+112!0&!LMN%!2'!
4+342!/'.672'.&')2!.2!0&!5+3(B2+/,/29!K0!,$&B/,,&/4!7+3(!23@!.2!5C4/(!3'2!+(B&'/,&4/+'!
.2! 03442! 7+3(! )+'=36(/(! .2,! .(+/4,! ,+)/&3@! 24! .61+)(&4/=32,%! 02! .(+/4! D! 0$2@/,42')2!
)+112!:4(2,!*31&/',!D!7&(4!702/'2!24!2'4/E(2%!7+3(!)+'=36(/(!023(!61&')/7&4/+'9!I'!
"Upk%! 0&! LMN! 2'4(2! .&',! ,&! ./@/E12! &''62%! 2002! ,2! 0&')2! .&',! ,&! 7(21/E(2! B(&'.2!
2@76(/2')2!.2!B(E?2!B6'6(&02!24!7(67&(2!02!)+'B(E,!.$S1/2',!>"UpYA!+w!2002!&.+742(&!0&!)60E5(2!L*&(42!=3/!
8+(1302! 02,! )+')274/+',! .3! ,-'./)&0/,12! (6?+034/+''&/(2! 0/6! &3! )+3(&'4! &'&()*/,429! #2,! 7(+50E12,!
7+0/4/=32,!=32!)2,!1/0/4&'4,!+'4!23!D!(6,+3.(2!&77+(42'4!3'!6)0&/(&B2!34/02!,3(!02,!=32,4/+',!.2!0&!B(E?2!
B6'6(&02! 24! .3! (&77+(4! 2'4(2! B(E?2! 24! (6?+034/+'%! 24! &3,,/! ,3(! 02! 7(+50E12! .2! 0$I4&4! 24! .3! 7+3?+/(%! .2,!
(&77+(4,!2'4(2!7+0/4/=32!24!,-'./)&0/,129!!
0'$=.(,<,1#'5#'$)'8IJG'$=;1#(<,#'#-'$)'5;-#(6,1)-,.1'*."('(#2.1&-(",(#'"1'
6."@#6#1-'."@(,#('%",'(;*.15#')"9'-L2+#&'5="1#'1."@#$$#'*;(,.5#'
!
S?2)!0$6)(&,212'4!.2!0&!L+113'2%!2'!\3/'!"Xn"%!=3/!8/4!.2,!./x&/'2,!.2!1/00/2(,!.2!1+(4,%!)$2,4!0&!8/'!.$3'2!
76(/+.2!.3!1+3?212'4!+3?(/2(9!N*/2(,!,2!(6\+3/4!]!_!#$+(.(2%!0&!\3,4/)2%!0&!)/?/0/,&4/+'!+'4!2'8/'!217+(46!0&!
?/)4+/(2y!#2!,+0!2,4!\+')*6!.2!023(,!)&.&?(2,!f!)2!,72)4&)02!&88(23@!,2(?/(&!.2!02O+'!_9!#&!5+3(B2+/,/2!)(+/4!
2'! &?+/(! 42(1/'6! &?2)! )2442! )0&,,2! +3?(/E(2! =3/%! 4+34! &3! 0+'B! .3! "UE12! ,/E)02%! ,$2,4! &88/(162! 7&(! 0&!
(6?+034/+'%! 02,! /',3((2)4/+',%! /17+,&'4! ,2,! .(+/4,%! B&B'&'4! ,+'! /'.672'.&')2! ?/,;D;?/,! .2,! (67350/)&/',!
5+3(B2+/,%!&00&'4!\3,=3$D!)+',4(3/(2!0$65&3)*2!.$3'!'+3?2&3!7+3?+/(%!0$I4&4;)+113'29!
S?2)! 0&! L+113'2%! 3'2! 76(/+.2! ,$&)*E?29! #2,! &''62,! =3/! ,3/?2'4! )+''&/,,2'4! 3'! .6?20+77212'4!
6)+'+1/=32! /17+(4&'4%! 5&,6! ,3(! 02,! 7(+B(E,! .2! 0$/'.3,4(/29! #$2',21502! .2! 0&! 7(+.3)4/+'! /'.3,4(/2002!
.+3502!2'4(2!"Xnp!24!"U"p%!0&!7(+.3)4/+'!.2!)*&(5+'!4(/702%!)2002!.$&)/2(!2,4!1304/70/62!7&(!jp9!S?2)!0$2,,+(!
.2!0&!7(+.3)4/+'%!0&!)0&,,2!+3?(/E(2!/'.3,4(/2002!&3B12'42!24!(27(6,2'42%!2'!"U"p%!hh!z!.2!0&!7+730&4/+'!
&)4/?29!#$+(B&'/,&4/+'!.3!4(&?&/0!2,4!4(&',8+(1629!K0!-!&!703,!.2!B(&'.2,!3,/'2,%!.2!B(&'.2,!)+')2'4(&4/+',%!
'+4&112'4!.&',!02,!1/'2,!24!0&!164&003(B/2%!&0+(,!=32!.&',!0&!76(/+.2!7(6)6.2'42%!0$/112',2!1&\+(/46!.2,!
+3?(/2(,!,+'4!2170+-6,!7&(!3'!7&4(+';&(4/,&'!&?2)!1+/',!.2!k!,&0&(/6,9!!
L2442!/'.3,4(/&0/,&4/+'!,$&))+17&B'2!.2!0$2@42',/+'!.3!7/00&B2!/176(/&0/,429!F+3(!(67+'.(2!D!0&!)(/,2!=3/!
8(&772!0$2',21502!.3!)&7/4&0/,12!2'!"Xnh%!02,!5+3(B2+/,/2,!.3()/,,2'4!0$2@70+/4&4/+'!24!2@7+(42'4!0&!)(/,2!
?2(,!02,!)+0+'/2,9!s302,!Q2((-!2@70/=32!)-'/=3212'4!_!#2,!)+0+'/2,!,+'4!7+3(!02,!7&-,!(/)*2,!3'!70&)212'4!
.2!)&7/4&3@!.2,!703,!&?&'4&B23@!>999A!m&/,!0&!=32,4/+'!)+0+'/&02%!)$2,4!&3,,/!0&!=32,4/+'!.2,!.65+3)*6,9!>999A!
_9! I'! 1:12! 4217,! =32! 0$2@70+/4&4/+'! .2,! 723702,! .$S8(/=32! 24! .$S,/2%! 0&! hE12! T67350/=32%! '62! ,3(! 02,!
)2'.(2,!.2!0&!L+113'2%!/17+,2!,+'!2')&.(212'4!(67(2,,/8!D!0&!)0&,,2!+3?(/E(29!#2,!*+(&/(2,!.2!4(&?&/0!
(2,42'4!4(E,!602?6,9!I'!"XnV%!D!m&(,2/002%!+'!(20E?2!.2,!\+3('62,!.2!"V!D!"h!*23(2,!7+3(!.2,!2'8&'4,!.2!U!
&',9!I'!"XXV%!02!Z6'&4!(27+3,,2!3'2!0+/!0/1/4&'4!02!4(&?&/0!.2,!82112,!D!"p!*23(2,9!s3,=3$2'!"U"j%!.&',!
0$/'.3,4(/2%!02,!\+3('62,!.2!4(&?&/0!.2!703,!.2!"V!*23(2,!7+3(!02,!*+112,!,+'4!)+3(&'42,9!!
I'!(6&)4/+'!D!0&!.3(246!.2!0$2@70+/4&4/+'%!02!1+3?212'4!+3?(/2(!)+''&u4!3'2!(2'&/,,&')29!F+3(!0&!'+3?2002!
B6'6(&4/+'!+3?(/E(2%!703,!'+15(23,2!24!703,!)+')2'4(62%!02!7(+50E12!.2!0&!03442!,2!7+,2!./886(2112'4!=32!
7+3(! 02,! B6'6(&4/+',! 7(6)6.2'42,9! Z3(4+34%! 7+3(! 5/2'! .2,! 4(&?&/0023(,%! 0$/',3((2)4/+'%! 0&! 7+0/4/=32! .2,!
5&((/)&.2,! =3/! &! 1&(=36! 02! "UE12! ,/E)02%! &77&(&u4! )+112! 3'2! /17&,,2! )+'.3/,&'4! /'6?/4&50212'4! &3!
1&,,&)(29!#&!)+')274/+'!/,,32!.3!50&'=3/,12!.2!724/4,!B(+372,!)0&'.2,4/',!7(67&(&'4!02!(2'?2(,212'4!.3!
7+3?+/(%! )+112! )2002! /,,32! .3! 7(+3.*+'/,12! .2,! )++76(&4/?2,! +3?(/E(2,%! '2! )+((2,7+'.2'4! 703,! D! 0&!
,/43&4/+'9!#2,!'+3?2002,!+(B&'/,&4/+',!+3?(/E(2,!(2,42'4!)0&'.2,4/'2,%!.3!8&/4!.2!0&!(67(2,,/+'!7&4(+'&02%!
1&/,!)2!,+'4!.2,!)&.(2,!703,!0&(B2,%!+(B&'/,&'4!02,!,&0&(/6,!2'!8+')4/+'!.2!023(!4(&?&/0%!7+3(!03442(!)+'4(2!0&!
)+')3((2')2!2'4(242'32!7&(!02,!7&4(+',!]!.2,!,-'./)&4,9!
<E,!0&!8/'!.2,!&''62,!"Xnp%!703,/23(,!)+'B(E,!+3?(/2(,!,2!4/2''2'4!D!0$/'/4/&4/?2!.2!1/0/4&'4,!7+0/4/=32,!.2,!
./886(2'4,! )+3(&'4,! ,+)/&0/,42,! 24! .2! 1/0/4&'4,! ,-'./)&3@%! (63'/,! 7&(! 0&! ?+0+'46! .2! (2)+',4(3/(2! .2,!
+(B&'/,&4/+',! +3?(/E(2,%! 1244&'4! 2'! 70&)2! 3'! 1343&0/,12! .$2'4(&/.2%! 24! &88/(1&'4! 0&! '6)2,,/46! .2!
0$/'.672'.&')2!)+'4(2!0&!5+3(B2+/,/29!!
L2!.6?20+77212'4!,2!7+3(,3/4!.&',!02,!&''62,!"XXp!24!"XUp%!&?2)!.2!'+15(23,2,!B(E?2,%!)+112!D!S'x/'%!
<2)&x2?/002! +3! D! Q+3(1/2,%! B(E?2,! 02! 703,! ,+3?2'4! (67(/162,! .&',! 02! ,&'B9! L2! '$2,4! 703,! ,230212'4! 02!
7(+064&(/&4! .2!F&(/,! +3! .2,! B(&'.2,! &BB0+16(&4/+',! =3/! 2,4! D! 0&! 7+/'42! .2! 0&! 03442%! )+112! .&',! 02,!
.6)2''/2,! 7(6)6.2'42,9! L2! ,+'4! .2! '+3?2002,! B6'6(&4/+',! .2! 4(&?&/0023(,%! )+')2'4(6,! .&',! 02,! )2'4(2,!