Ricœur et la théorie de l`action - Études Ricoeuriennes / Ricoeur

!
Études Ricœuriennes / Ricœur Studies, Vol 5, No 1 (2014), pp. 142-152
ISSN 2155-1162 (online) DOI 10.5195/errs.2014.214
http://ricoeur.pitt.edu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0
United States License.
This journal is published by the University Library System of the University of Pittsburgh as part of its
D-Scribe Digital Publishing Program, and is cosponsored by the University of Pittsburgh Press.
"#$%&'!()!*+!),-.'#(!/(!*0+$)#.1!
2(+134&$!5()#)!
Université de Strasbourg, Centre de Philosophie Allemande et Contemporaine (CREPHAC)
Abstract:
"#$.(&'06! !"#$%&%'"() %*) +",) -#$$!#6! '((7+8#1(/! ,('(! 9.),! +6! +! 6.&'$(! .:! 8.)#;+)#.1! :.'! ,#6! <'.=($)! .:!
/#+*.>&#1>!?#),!),(!+1+*@)#$!),(.'@!.:!+$)#.1!+1/!+6!+1!(7<*+1+)#.1!:.'!),(!*+$A!.:!'(6<.16(!.1!),(!<+')!.:!,#6!
B1>*.3B8('#$+1!#1)('*.$&).'6C!
.,(/%01&2)34+#%5&6)7859:89,6);%1(6)<1,8$#&=>!
Résumé:
4+! !"#$%&%'"#,) 1,) $8) ?%$%5+@) /(! "#$%&'! (6)! '(;#6#)-(! #$#! $.88(! 6.&'$(! /(! 8.)#;+)#.1! /(! 6.1! (1)'(<'#6(! /(!
/#+*.>&(! +;($! *+! ),-.'#(! +1+*@)#D&(! /(! *0+$)#.1! ()! $.88(! (7<*#$+)#.1! /&! /-:+&)! /(! '-<.16(! /(! 6(6!
#1)('*.$&)(&'6!+1>*.3+8-'#$+#16C!
A%+&B4$@&2)34+#%5&6)785989,6)C%0'&6)<1@8$#&=,>!
!
!

!
)
D+:1,&)E#4F:0#,55,&)G)E#4F:0)H+:1#,&!!!!!
E.*!FG!H.!I!JKLIMN!!!!OPPH!KIFF3IIQK!J.1*#1(N!!!!RSO!ILCFITFU(''6CKLIMCKIM!!!!,))<VUU'#$.(&'C<#))C(/&!!!!
"#$%&'!()!*+!),-.'#(!/(!*0+$)#.1!
2(+134&$!5()#)!
Université de Strasbourg, Centre de Philosophie Allemande et Contemporaine (CREPHAC)
!
4(!:+#)!/(!6(!/-$.&;'#'!&1!)(''+#1!$.88&1!+;($!*0#1)('*.$&)(&'!<'-6&8-! ()!/0+**('!W!6+!
'(1$.1)'(! /+16! &1! (6<'#)! /0.&;(')&'(! <(&)! <+'+X)'(! 6&::#6+1)! <.&'! D&(! *(! /#+*.>&(! +#)! *#(&C! Y)!
<.&')+1)!$(!10(6)!<+6!).&=.&'6!*(!$+6V!<'(&;(!(1!(6)!$(!D&0.1!<(&)!9#(1!+<<(*('!*+!/-$.1;(1&(!/(!
"#$%&'!W!<'.<.6!/(!*+!),-.'#(!/(!*0+$)#.1C!2(!;(&7!/#'(!*(!:+#)!D&(!6(6!(::.')6!<.&'!)#66('!(16(89*(!
*(6!+<<'.$,(6!/(!*0+$)#.1!(1!<,#*.6.<,#(!+1+*@)#D&(G!(1!<,-1.8-1.*.>#(!()!(1!,('8-1(&)#D&(!.1)!
8+1D&-! /(! <'.;.D&('! *0-8('>(1$(! /0&1! /#6$.&'6! <,#*.6.<,#D&(! #1)->'+)(&'! $+<+9*(! /0-$*+#'('!
$.1=.#1)(8(1)!*(6!/#8(16#.16!/(!*0+$)#.1!+&7D&(**(6!$(6!-$.*(6!6(!6.1)!6-<+'-8(1)!+<<*#D&-(6!+:#1!
D&(!1.&6!<&#66#.16!(1:#1!<'(1/'(!+<<&#!6&'!&1(!9+6(!6)+9*(!<.&'!+9.'/('!*(6!6(&*(6!D&(6)#.16!
#8<.')+1)(6V!Z[&(!/(;.1631.&6!:+#'(\![&(!<.&;.1631.&6!(6<-'('\]!
O1)'./&$)#.1!
R+16!*+!>'+1/(!)'+/#)#.1!$*+66#D&(!.^!*+!=&6)#:#$+)#.1!/&!<,#*.6.<,(!(6)!/(!'(66+#6#'!1.)'(!
(7<-'#(1$(! ;-$&(! =&6D&0(1! 6+! 8+)-'#+*#)-! $.'<.'(**(! ()! +::($)#;(! <.&'! *+! <.')('! W! *+! $*+')-! /(6!
1.'8(6! ()! /(6! #/-+*#)-6! /&! *+1>+>(G! "#$%&'! 8())+#)! (1! <*+$(! &1(! +'$,#)($).1#D&(! 6.*#/(8(1)!
$,+'<(1)-(G! +66(_! 6.&<*(8(1)! +')#$&*-(! 1-+18.#16! <.&'! <.&;.#'! '($&(#**#'! *(6! +1+*@6(6!
$.1$(<)&(**(6! /(6! <,#*.6.<,(6! +1+*@)#D&(6! (1! *(6! (1$+/'+1)! (1)'(G! /0&1! $`)-! *(6! /(6$'#<)#.16!
<,-1.8-1.*.>#D&(6!.&!(7#6)(1)#(**(6!/&!$.'<6!<'.<'(G!/(!*0+&)'(!*(6!6$,-8+)#6+)#.16! 1+''+)#;(6!
/(6! ,#6).'#(16! ()! *(6! #1)('<'-)+)#.16! ,.*#6)#D&(6! /(6! +&)'(6! 6$#(1$(6! 6.$#+*(6C! 5.&'! +&)+1)G! 6(6!
,.8.*.>&(6!+1>*.3+8-'#$+#16!8.1)'+#(1)!<(&!/0(1),.&6#+68(!W!*+!<('6<($)#;(!/(!'-#1)->'('!&1(!
)'+/#)#.1! +;($! *+D&(**(! *+! '-;.*&)#.1! *#1>&#6)#D&(! +;+#)G! $'.@+#(1)3#*6G! +$$.8<*#! &1(! '&<)&'(!
/-$#6#;(!J&1(!#**&6#.1!/.1)!#*6!6.1)!'(;(1&6!/(<&#6NC!Y1!(::()G!*+!),-.'#(!/(!*0+$)#.1!-)+#)!1-(!/&!
/-:#! <.6-! W! $())(! $.88&1+&)-! +$+/-8#D&(! <+')#$&*#a'(! <+'! *(6! <('<*(7#)-6! /(! b#))>(16)(#1! W!
<'.<.6!/0+<<+'(1)(6!(7$(<)#.16!W!*+!*.>#D&(!/+16!*0(8<*.#!/(6!(7<'(66#.16!/&!*+1>+>(!'(*+)#;(6!
+&7! +$)#.16! D&.)#/#(11(6C! "(*(;('! $(! /-:#G! '-)+9*#'! )'+16<+'(1$(! ()! '+)#.1+*#)-! /+16! 1.6!
$.1;('6+)#.16!(1!'+8(1+1)!W!*+!'a>*(!$.88&1(!/(6$'#<)#.1G!(7<*#$+)#.1G!#8<&)+)#.1G!/#6$&*<+)#.1G!
()$CG!/(6!+$)#.16G!)(*!-)+#)!*(!<'.>'+88(!/(!$(!D&#!+**+#)!60#16)#)&)#.11+*#6('!'+<#/(8(1)!$.88(!&1(!
'+8#:#$+)#.1!)'a6!6<-$#+*#6-(!/(!*+!<,#*.6.<,#(!+1+*@)#D&(G!W!*+!=.#1)&'(!(1)'(!+1+*@6(!*.>#D&(!/(6!
<'.<.6#)#.16!()!),-.'#(!/(!*0+'>&8(1)+)#.1C!B;+1)!).&)!<'-.$$&<-6!/(!'($.11+#66+1$(!+$+/-8#D&(!
<+'!*(&'6!<+#'6G!*(6!),-.'#$#(16!/&!*+1>+>(!.'/#1+#'(!6&'!*(6!+$)#.16!.'/#1+#'(6!1(!<.&;+#(1)!+;.#'!
D&(! *+! <*&6! (7)'c8(! '-<&>1+1$(! /(;+1)! $(! D&#! *(&'! +<<+'+#66+#)! $.88(! &1(! #1;#)+)#.1! W! 6(!
$.8<'.8())'(! +;($! /(6! >(16! #1:'-D&(1)+9*(6V! *(6! /#6$#<*(6! /(! d(#/(>>('! .&! /(6! 6$#(1$(6! /0&1!
6)+)&)!-<#6)-8.*.>#D&(!$.1)'.;('6-G!$.88(!*+!<6@$,+1+*@6(!.&!*(6!6$#(1$(6!/(!*0,.88(C!

I,85B7:4)!,+#+)
!
)
D+:1,&)E#4F:0#,55,&)G)E#4F:0)H+:1#,&!!!!!
E.*!FG!H.!I!JKLIMN!!!!OPPH!KIFF3IIQK!J.1*#1(N!!!!RSO!ILCFITFU(''6CKLIeMCKIM!!!!,))<VUU'#$.(&'C<#))C(/&!!!
JKL!
!
Y7)(16#.1! /(! *+! 8-),./(! <,-1.8-1.*.>#D&(! W! &1(! <,-1.8-1.*.>#(! /(! *+!
;.*.1)-!
4+! !"#$%&%'"#,) 1,) $8) ?%$%5+@)<!/(! ITFLI!<(&)! 6+16! /.&)(! c)'(! $.16#/-'-(! $.88(! &1(!
+<<*#$+)#.1! /(! *+! <,-1.8-1.*.>#(! ,&66('*#(11(! +&! /.8+#1(! /(! *0+$)#.1! ,&8+#1(C! f.&)(:.#6G! *(!
/.8+#1(! .'#>#1(*! /(! *+! <,-1.8-1.*.>#(! ,&66('*#(11(! -)+1)! *+! <('$(<)#.1G! 1.1! *0+$)#.1G! $())(!
+<<*#$+)#.1!$.8<.')+#)! +&66#! &1(! +/+<)+)#.1! /(! *+! 8-),./(! <,-1.8-1.*.>#D&(G! *+D&(**(! 1(! 6(!
*#8#)+#)!<+6!W!6.1!+=&6)(8(1)!W!&1!/.8+#1(!1.&;(+&!8+#6!$.8<.')+#)!->+*(8(1)!&1(!$'#)#D&(G!.&!
+&! 8.#16! &1! /-<*+$(8(1)! /0+$$(1)! 6#>1#:#$+)#:C! Y1! &1! 6(16G! *(6! +1+*@6(6! /(! *+!!"#$%&%'"#,) 1,) $8)
?%$%5+@! 60#16$'#;+#(1)! +66(_! 9#(1! /+16! *+! <('6<($)#;(! .&;(')(! <+'! d&66('*! *&#38c8(! /+16! *(6!
<1,,5)<CK!Y1!<+')#$&*#('!+&!g!TF!d&66('*!/#6+#)!)'a6!$*+#'(8(1)!D&(!*(6!;-$&6!/(!Z*+!6<,a'(!+::($)#;(!
()!;.*#)#;(]!'(*a;(1)!/(!*+!8c8(!+<<'.$,(!$.''-*+)#.11(**(!(1!)('8(6!/(!1.a6(!()!/(!1.a8(!D&(!
*(6!;-$&6!/(!*+!<('$(<)#.1C!4(!;.&*.#'G!(1!(::()G!(6)!+1#8-!/0&1(!Z;#6-(!;.*#)#;(]!D&#!*0.'#(1)(!;('6!
&1!.9=()!/.1)!$())(!;#6-(!<.6(!*0(7#6)(1$(!/+16!&1!/.8+#1(!D&#!(6)!<'.<'(!W!*+!;.*.1)-V!Z*(!;.&*&!
$.88(!)(*C]!f.&)(:.#6G!$,(_!d&66('*G!$())(!>-1-'+*#6+)#.1!/(!*+!8-),./(!W!*+!;.*.1)-!10-)+#)!<+6!
(7(8<)(! /0&1(! 6&9.'/#1+)#.1! ,#-'+'$,#D&(! /(! *+! 6<,a'(! ;.*#)#;(! <+'! '+<<.')! W! $(**(! /(! *+!
<('$(<)#.1!()!/(!*+!'(<'-6(1)+)#.1!<.&'!&1(!$.16$#(1$(!D&#!/(8(&'+#)!:.1$#a'(8(1)!#1)(**($)&(**(G!
1.1!<'+)#D&(C!h0(6)!$(!D&(!"#$%&'!6#>1+*+#)!/-=W!/+16!6.1!$.88(1)+#'(!/(6!<1,,5)<V!
4(6!<1,,5)1(!60#1)-'(66(1)!<+6!W!$())(!$.&$,(!(1!)+1)!D&0.'#>#1+*(!i<+'!'+<<.')!+&7!.9=()6!/(!
*+! <('$(<)#.1! .&! /&! =&>(8(1)jk! .1! ;-'#:#(! 6(&*(8(1)! W! 6.1! <'.<.6! *0&1#;('6+*#)-! /(! *+!
6)'&$)&'(!1.a8(31.a6(!()!*0&1#)-!/(6!<'.9*a8(6!/(!'-/&$)#.1!()!/(!$.16)#)&)#.1Ce!
Y1!:+#6+1)!/(!*+!;.*.1)-!&1(!<.')(!/0(1)'-(!/(!<*(#1!/'.#)!<.&'!*+!<,-1.8-1.*.>#(!W!*0->+*!
/(! *+! <('$(<)#.1G! "#$%&'! '(8())+#)! /.1$! (1! D&(6)#.1! $()! .'/'(! ,#-'+'$,#D&(! /(! 6)'+)#:#$+)#.1!
#1)(1)#.11(**(! D&#! ;.&/'+#)! D&(! *(! 1.a8(! /&! ;.&*.#'! 6(! $.16)'&#6(! .9*#>+).#'(8(1)! <+'!
(1;(*.<<(8(1)!6&$$(66#:!/(6!$.&$,(6!/(!6(16!W!<+')#'!/0&1!1.@+&!-*-8(1)+#'(!/(!$,.6(!<('l&(C!
h(! D&#! :('+#)! /(! *+! <,-1.8-1.*.>#(! /(!*+! <('$(<)#.1! &1! <'-+*+9*(! #1/#6<(16+9*(! <.&'! &1(!
<,-1.8-1.*.>#(! /(! *+! ;.*.1)-C! "#$%&'G! +&! $.1)'+#'(G! '(;(1/#D&+#)! (1! :+;(&'! /(! $(! 1.a8(!
<+')#$&*#('!D&0(6)!Z*(!;.&*&!$.88(!)(*]!*(!6)+)&)!/0&1(!.9=($)#;#)-!+&).1.8(!<+'!'+<<.')!W!*+!$,.6(!
<('l&(G! +&! '#6D&(! /(! <*&'+*#6('! *0.1).*.>#(! <,-1.8-1.*.>#D&(! +&3/(*W! /(! $(! D&0(1)(1/+#)! :+#'(!
d&66('*G!).&=.&'6!)'a6!+))+$,-!W!*0&1#)-!/&!8.1/(!<.&'!).&6!m!()!/0+9.'/!/&!8.1/(!/(!*+!H+)&'(C!
5'.8&!<`*(!/(!;#6-(!.'#>#1+*G!*(!;.&*&!$.88(!)(*!/(;+#)!/.1$!<.&;.#'!6(';#'!/(!<.#1)!/0+<<&#!
<.&'!&1(!/(6$'#<)#.1!/(6!6)'&$)&'(6!#1)(1)#.11(**(6!/(!*+!$.16$#(1$(!/0&1!6&=()!;.*.1)+#'(C!h())(!
/(6$'#<)#.1!+&'+#)!<.&'!;.$+)#.1!/(!8())'(!(1!-;#/(1$(!Z*(6!(66(1$(6!/&!;.&*.#']!(1!6(!>&#/+1)!
&1#D&(8(1)!6&'!Z$())(!$.8<'-,(16#.1!/#'($)(!/&!6(16!/&!;.*.1)+#'(!()!/(!*0#1;.*.1)+#'(]M!+&!6(#1!
/(! *+D&(**(! ;#)! *(! 6&=()! D&#! /#)! Z=(! ;(&7C]! 4+! )(1(&'! /(! 6(16! /&! Z;.&*.#']! -)+1)! -;#/(88(1)!
$.''-*+)#;(!/(!$(**(!/&!Z/-$#/('G]!/&!Z60(::.'$('G]!/&!Z<'.=()('G]!()$CG!*(!$,(8#1(8(1)!8-),./#D&(!
/(!*0&1!W!*0+&)'(!/(!$(6!:.@('6!/0-;#/(1$(!/(;+#)!6&::#'(!W!'-;-*('!*(6!:.1/(8(1)6!(#/-)#D&(6!/(!
*0#1)(**#>#9#*#)-!/(!*0(7<-'#(1$(!/&!6&=()!;.*.1)+#'(!<.&'!*&#38c8(C!R+16!*+!8(6&'(!.^!&1!<+'(#*!
-$*+#'+>(!<'.>'(66#:!/&!/(/+16!/(!*0,.'#_.1!/&!6(16!/(!*0+$)#.1!/-<(1/!/(!*+!6(&*(!#16)+**+)#.1!/&!
<,-1.8-1.*.>&(!/+16!*0+))#)&/(!)@<#D&(!/(!*0+>(1)G!$())(!<,-1.8-1.*.>#(!/(!*+!;.*.1)-!/#::-'+#)!
+&)+1)! /(! *0(1D&c)(! (8<#'#D&(! /(! *+! <6@$,.*.>#(! 6&'! *(6! Z:+#)6! /(! $.16$#(1$(]! /(! *0+$)#.1!
;.*.1)+#'(!J.9=($)#;-6!(1!)+1)!D&(!)(*6N!D&(!/(!*+!$.16)'&$)#.1!+!<'#.'#!/&!6(16!1.-8+)#D&(!/+16!*+!
),-.'#(!/(!*+!$.16)#)&)#.1!)'+16$(1/+1)+*(!/(!d&66('*V!

!E#4F:0),+)$8)+"@%0#,)1,)$M84+#%5)
!
)
D+:1,&)E#4F:0#,55,&)G)E#4F:0)H+:1#,&!!!!!
E.*!FG!H.!I!JKLIMN!!!!OPPH!KIFF3IIQK!J.1*#1(N!!!!RSO!ILCFITFU(''6CKLIMCKIM!!!!,))<VUU'#$.(&'C<#))C(/&!!
JKK!
!
2(!80+11(7(!$(!D&(!=(!$.8<'(1/6j!=0+#!<'#6(!6&'!*&#j!=(!*0(1>*.9(!W!&1!$(')+#1!<.&;.#'!/(!
<(16('!D&#!)`)!.&!)+'/!6(!)'+#)('+!$.88(!<.6#)#.11(*G!:.'8+)(&'G!4%5&+#+:85+!W!*0->+'/!/(!
*0.9=($)#;#)-C!h())(!/-<('/#)#.1!/0c)'(!D&#!/&!$`)-!/(!*0.9=()!(6)!&1(!<(')(!/(!<'-6(1$(G!(6)!
/&!$`)-!/&!6&=()!D&#!+')#$&*(!*+!$.11+#66+1$(!&1(!/-6#1$+'1+)#.1!#/-+*(V!=(!80(7#*(!W!*0#1:#1#!
$.88(!6&=()!<.1$)&(*C!B#16#!/0&1!$`)-!=(!80+11(7(!*+!'-+*#)-!()!/(!*0+&)'(!=(!8(!/-*#(!/(!*+!
<'-6(1$(C!n!$(!<-'#*!6.&'1.#6!*+!<,-1.8-1.*.>#(!,&66('*#(11(!10-$,+<<(!<.#1)CF!
56@$,.*.>#(!#1)(1)#.11(**(!D&#!1(!;(&)!<+6!6(!$.1:.1/'(!+;($!&1(!<6@$,.*.>#(!:+$)&(**(G!
<6@$,.*.>#(!(#/-)#D&(!D&#!1(!;(&)!<+6!6(!$.1:.1/'(!+;($!&1(!<6@$,.*.>#(!(8<#'#D&(G!*(!/#6$.&'6!
/(!"#$%&'! <.&;+#)! <+'+X)'(!-)'+1>(8(1)!(66(1)#+*#6)(V!1(! <'-)(1/+#)3#*!<+6G! (1! (::()G! -1.1$('! $(!
D&0(6)G!$0(6)3W3/#'(!$.88(1)!6.1)!W!$.8<'(1/'(G!Z*(!9(6.#1G]!Z*(!/-6#'G]!Z*+!8.)#;+)#.1G]!()$CG!/0&1!
<.#1)! /(! ;&(! D&#! (6)! <&'(8(1)! $(*&#! /0&1! +>(1)! ,&8+#1! $+<+9*(! /0+$)(6! /(! ;.*.1)-\! Y)! 1.1G!
$.88(! (1! 6$#(1$(G! /&! <.#1)! /(! ;&(! /0&1! .96(';+)(&'! (7)-'#(&'! D&#! +! .&9*#-! D&0#*! (6)! +&66#! ()!
/0+9.'/! &1! +>(1)C! R+16! &1(! )(**(! .<)#D&(G! *(6! ;+'#-)-6! /(! *0(1D&c)(! <6@$,.*.>#D&(G! .^! *0.1!
/#6)#1>&(! <6@$,.*.>#(! /(! *0(1:+1)! ()! <6@$,.*.>#(! +/&*)(G! <6@$,.*.>#(! 8+6$&*#1(! ()! :-8#1#1(G!
<6@$,.*.>#(!1.'8+*(! ()!<6@$,.<+),.*.>#(G!()$CG! /(;+#(1)!c)'(!)(1&(6!W!*0-$+')! $.88(! +&)+1)! /(!
/#;('6#.16!1+)&'+*#6)(6!<+'!'+<<.')!W!*+!;.#(!<'#;#*->#-(!/0&1(!(#/-)#D&(!#1)(1)#.11(**(!/&!;.&*.#'G!
(1!)+1)! D&(!8./(! /&! h.>#).C!f+1/#6!D&(!$())(!8#6(! (1! (7('>&(!/(! *+! ;.*.1)-!$.88(! <'#1$#<(!
)-*-.*.>#D&(!/(6!$.1/&#)(6!<+'!*(!<,-1.8-1.*.>&(!60(7(8<)+#)!/(!).&)!6.&$#!/(!=&6)#:#$+)#.1!:+$(!
W! *+! <6@$,.*.>#(! .&! *+! <6@$,.<,@6#.*.>#(G! *(6D&(**(6G! <.&'! *(&'! <+')G! 1(! '($.11+#66(1)! m!+&!
8#(&7!m!/+16!*+!;.*.1)-!D&0&1(!$.8<.6+1)(!:.1$)#.11(**(!<+')#$&*#a'(!/(!*+!8.)'#$#)-V!*+!8.)'#$#)-!
;.*.1)+#'(!D&#!'(8.1)(!W!/(6!#1)(1)#.16!8.)'#$(6!W!*+!/#::-'(1$(!/&!8.&;(8(1)!<+66#:!<.&'!*(D&(*!
$(!10(6)!<+6!*(!$+6V!
4(!6(16!/(!*0,.88(!6(!'-;a*(!<(&!W!<(&!8+#6!1(!60(1>(1/'(!<+6C!h())(!-)&/(!10(6)!<+6!&1(!
"#&+%#0,!/(!*+!;.*.1)-j!(**(!(6)!&1(!(#/-)#D&(C!h(!6(16!1(!<.&''+!6(!'(1$.1)'('!<(&)3c)'(!D&(!
$,(_!*0+/&*)(j!<(&)3c)'(!8c8(!'(6)(3)3#*!&1!#/-+*!#''-+*#6+9*(G!*(!<'#7!/(!*+!*#9(')-!$.8<*a)(j!
8+#6!$())(!,#6).#'(G!9#(1!D&0#1+$,(;-(G!1(!6(!$.8<'(1/!D&(!<+'!*(!6(16!#88&+9*(!D&#!60@!
/-;.#*(!<(&!W!<(&CQ!
4+! D&(6)#.1! (6)! /(! 6+;.#'! 6#! $())(! 8#6(! (1! 6.&'/#1(! /(! *+! <'.9*-8+)#D&(! /(!
'-/&$)#.1U$.16)#)&)#.1!/(!d&66('*!+&!<'.:#)!/(!$(!D&(!"#$%&'!+<<(*+#)!&1(!Z/(6$'#<)#.1!<&'(]!()!
D&#! /(;+#)! c)'(! (1! 8c8(! )(8<6! Z&1(! (#/-)#D&(! /&! ;.*.1)+#'(]!(6)! 9#(1G! $.88(! #*! $'.@+#)G! &1!
'(8a/(!W!*0#/-+*#68(!)'+16$(1/+1)+*V!
5(&)3c)'(! 8c8(! *+! /(6$'#<)#.1! :#/a*(! /(! *+! *#9(')-! #1$+'1-(! <'-<+'(3)3(**(! <*&6! D&0#*! 1(!
<+'+X)!W!/#66.&/'(!*(!:+1)`8(!/(!*0Y>.!)'+16$(1/+1)+*Co!
S1! /#'+V! *+! /(6$'#<)#.1! <,-1.8-1.*.>#D&(! /.#)! #$#! 6(! ,+&66('! +&! 1#;(+&! /0&1(!
<,-1.8-1.*.>#(!+085&4,5185+8$,!.&!$(!D&#!<+'+X)!*(!8.#16!;.&*&!(6)!$.16)#)&-!<+'!&1!Y>.!
<&'! ()! )'+16$(1/+1)+*G! .9)(1&! <+'! '-/&$)#.1! /(! *0Y>.! (8<#'#D&(C! p+#6! 1.&6! )(1.16! W!
/-6.*#/+'#6('!*+!/(6$'#<)#.1!<&'(! D&#!<'.$a/(!/&!6('8(1)!/(! <'(1/'(!*(6!$,.6(6!$.88(!
(**(6!6(!/.11(1)G!/0&1(!),-.'#(!/(!*+!$.16)#)&)#.1!)'+16$(1/+1)+*(!/&!/.11-Cq!
S'!#*!1(!6(89*(!<+6!D&(!*0,@<.),aD&(!/(!*0#/-+*#68(!)'+16$(1/+1)+*!+#)!-)-!*(;-(!<+'!*WC!
5.&'D&.#!$(*+\!Y1!:+#)!/(!/(6$'#<)#.1!<&'(G!"#$%&'!+&'+!<'.$-/-!*(!<*&6!6.&;(1)!W!*+!'(<'#6(!J.&!
*+!'-$&<-'+)#.1!+;($!$.''($)#.1N!/0&1(!<,-1.8-1.*.>#(!#8<*#$#)(!/&!;.*.1)+#'(!/+16!*(6!/.$)'#1(6!
(7#6)+1)(6G! D&0(**(6! 6.#(1)! /(! 1+)&'(! <,#*.6.<,#D&(! .&! (8<#'#D&(C! Y)! $())(! '-$&<-'+)#.1! +! -)-!

I,85B7:4)!,+#+)
!
)
D+:1,&)E#4F:0#,55,&)G)E#4F:0)H+:1#,&!!!!!
E.*!FG!H.!I!JKLIMN!!!!OPPH!KIFF3IIQK!J.1*#1(N!!!!RSO!ILCFITFU(''6CKLIeMCKIM!!!!,))<VUU'#$.(&'C<#))C(/&!!!
JKN!
!
'-+*#6-(! (1! :+#6+1)! <+66('! *(6! -*-8(1)6! /(! /.$)'#1(! '()(1&6! /0&1(! '(;&(! /(! *+! *#))-'+)&'(! /(!
*0-<.D&(!+&!:#*)'(!/(!*+!<('6<($)#;(!/&!6&=()G!D&#!/(8(&'(!*(!$'#)a'(!<('8+1(1)!+&D&(*!#*!*&#!:+**+#)!
6+16! $(66(! 6(! '-:-'('C! H(! <.&;+#)G! (1! (::()G! c)'(! ;+*#/-! $.88(! $.1)'#9&)#.1! W! *+! /(6$'#<)#.1! /&!
;.*.1)+#'(! D&(! $(! D&0#*! =&>(+#)! $.1$(;+9*(! /0+=.&)('! $.88(! -;#/(1)! $.8<*-8(1)! W! *+! *#6)(! /(6!
8./(6!/&!h.>#).!-1&8-'-6!<+'!R(6$+')(6V!
h.88(!R(6$+')(6!1.&6!+;.16!$,('$,-!1#0,4+,=,5+6)185&!$,!&:O,+!$:#3=P=,6)*0(7<-'#(1$(!;#;(!
/(!*+!/-)('8#1+)#.1!<+'!6.#!iCCCk)Z40(#/-)#D&(]!/(!*+!$.16$#(1$(!1(!<(&)!$.8<)('!D&(!6&'!*(6!
6(&*(6!1.)#.16!D&#!<(&;(1)!c)'(!*&(6!6&'!*(6!+$)(6!/0&1!6&=()CT!
p+#6G!(6)3$(!D&(!*(!'`*(!/0+1$'+>(!<('8+1(1)!+#16#!/-;.*&!W!*+!$.1$(<)#.1!$+')-6#(11(!/(!
*0(>.! 10(6)! <+6! &1! 6@8<)`8(! /&! $+'+$)a'(! #1/-<+66+9*(! /(! *0#/-+*#68(! )'+16$(1/+1)+*G!
#1/-<+66+9*(!(1!).&)!$+6!<+'!*(!9#+#6!/(!*+!6&<<*-+1$(!/&!'(<'-6(1)+)#.1+*#68(!,&66('*#(1!<+'!&1(!
+<<'.$,(!/(!*0+$)#.1!$.88(!#1$+'1+)#.1!/(!*+!;.*.1)-\!R0.^!*+!1-$(66#)-!/(!'(*+1$('!*0(::.')!/(!
/-<+66(8(1)!/(!*0#/-+*#68(!<+'!&1!+&)'(!8.@(1V!*0+1+*@6(!/&!*+1>+>(C!
4(!*+1>+>(!.'/#1+#'(!/-<.6#)+#'(!/(!*0(#/-)#D&(!/(!*0+$)#.1!
4(! 6(16! /(! *0+$)#.1! )#(1)! +&! :+#)! D&(! *0(7<-'#(1$(! ;-$&(! /(! *0+>(1)! (6)! '->#(! <+'! &1(!
(#/-)#D&(!D&(! *+!/(6$'#<)#.1! <,-1.8-1.*.>#D&(! /(6! 6)'&$)&'(6! #1)(1)#.11(**(6!/(! *+! $.16$#(1$(!
+;+#)! )(1)-! /(! /->+>('! (1! <'(1+1)! /#'($)(8(1)! <.6#)#.1! /+16! *0#88+1(1$(! /(! $())(! (7<-'#(1$(!
;-$&(C!h0(6)!=&6)(8(1)!(1!$(*+!D&(!*0(1)'(<'#6(!/(!*+!!"#$%&%'"#,)1,)$8)?%$%5+@!+!*+#66-!W!"#$%&'!&1!
6(1)#8(1)! /0#16+)#6:+$)#.1! +&D&(*G! =(! <'-6&8(G! 10-)+#)! <+6! -)'+1>('! *(! :+#)! D&0(1! >&#6(! /(!
/(6$'#<)#.1! <&'(! /(6! ;-$&6! /&! 6&=()! ;.*.1)+#'(G! #*! 10+;+#)! <&! :+#'(! +&)'(8(1)! D&(! <+'+6#)('!
*0(1D&c)(!(8<#'#D&(!/(!*+!<6@$,.*.>#(!()!/(!*+!<,@6#.*.>#(C![&(**(!D&(!6.#)!6+!$.1:#+1$(!/+16!*(!
<.&;.#'!6)'&$)&'+1)!/(!*+!'-:*(7#.1G!:+#'(!'(<.6('!6&'!*+!6(&*(!&1#)-!6@1),-)#D&(!/(!*0(>.!$.>#).!
*0#1)->'+)#.1!/(6!/.11-(6!/#6<('6-(6!/(!*+!<6@$,.*.>#(!(8<#'#D&(!+!/r!*&#!<+'+X)'(!&1!<'#1$#<(!
.'>+1#6+)(&'! #16&::#6+1)! W! '(1/'(! $.8<)(! /(! *+! 6)'&$)&'+)#.1! (#/-)#D&(! /(! *0+$)#.1! ,&8+#1(C!
B$$.8<*#66+1)!6+!<'.<'(!'-;.*&)#.1!*#1>&#6)#D&(!/+16!*(6!+11-(6!ITQL3oLG!#*! '($.11+#66+#)! /+16!
*0+')#$&*+)#.1!*+1>+>#a'(!/(!*0(7<-'#(1$(!&1!<'#1$#<(!/(!6)'&$)&'+)#.1!(#/-)#D&(!<*&6!$.1;+#1$+1)!
D&(!1(!<.&;+#)!*0c)'(!$(*&#!D&0#*!)(1+#)!/(!d&66('*V!W!6+;.#'!*0#1)&#)#.1!<&'(!/+16!*0-;#/(1$(!<.&'!*(!
6&=()!*&#38c8(!/(6!6)'&$)&'(6!'(6<.16+9*(6!/(!*0.'#(1)+)#.1!#1)(1)#.11(**(!/(!6(6!+$)(6!$.>1#)#:6!.&!
<'+)#D&(6C!4(6!$.1)'+#1)(6!1-$(66+#'(6!/(!*0(7<'(66#.1!;('9+*(!6(!<'-6(1)+#(1)G!(1!(::()G!$.88(!&1!
>&#/(!<*&6!:#+9*(!D&(!*0-;#/(1$(!/(!*+!$.16$#(1$(!#1/#;#/&(**(G!8.#16!<+'$(!D&(!$())(!$.16$#(1$(!
6('+#)!)'.<!(1:('8-(!/+16!6.1!6.*#<6#68(!<.&'!60-*(;('!W!*0.9=($)#;#)-!(#/-)#D&(!6&'!6.#38c8(G!D&(!
<+'$(!D&(!*+!/#8(16#.1!)(8<.'(**(!/&!*+1>+>(!:+#)!/(!$(*&#3$#!*(!/-<.6#)+#'(!1+)&'(*!/&!)'-6.'!/(6!
$.1$(<)6!(1!*(6D&(*6!*0(7<-'#(1$(!,&8+#1(!60(6)!6-/#8(1)-(!()!6)'&$)&'-(!W!)'+;('6!*(6!>-1-'+)#.16!
/0+>(1)6!$.88&1#$+1)6C!H.)(_!9#(1!D&(!*(!*+1>+>(!10(6)!+96.*&8(1)!<+6!$.1;.D&-!#$#!<.&'!*&#3
8c8(G!$.88(!60#*!<.&;+#)!<*+1('!+&3/(66&6!/0&1!;#/(!/0(7<-'#(1$(!m!$(!D&#!(6)!<(&)3c)'(!*(!$+6!
<.&'!*(!*.>#$#(1!:.'8+*#6)(G!8+#6!1(!*0(6)!/-=W!<*&6!<.&'!*(! *#1>&#6)(! mG! 8+#6!<*&)`)!$.88(!&1(!
(7<'(66#.1!/+16!*(6!:.'8(6!.9=($)#;(6!/&!8-/#&8!/(!1.6!#1)('+$)#.16!/#+*.>#D&(6!/(6!$.1$(<)6!(1!
*(6D&(*6! *(6! $.88&1+&)-6! /0+>(1)6! ,&8+#16!.1)! /(<&#6!).&=.&'6!/-=W! .'>+1#6-!*(&'6!+$)#.16! ()!
)'+16+$)#.16!/+16!&1!8.1/(!/(!;#(!$.88&1(C!
O66&(6! /&! 6-8#1+#'(! /(! *+! '&(! 5+'8(1)#('! /(! *0+11-(! IToM3oFG! ()! <&9*#-(6! (1! IToo! +&7!
s/#)#.16! /&! hH"P! /+16! &1(! )'+16$'#<)#.1! /+$)@*.>'+<,#D&(! 6&'! 6)(1$#*! J<*(#1(! /(! :+&)(6! /(!
:'+<<(N!6.&6!*(!)#)'(!78)&@=85+#Q:,)1,)$M84+#%5GIL)*(6!Ieo!<+>(6!/(!"#$%&'!#1)#)&*-(6!Z4(!/#6$.&'6!/(!