the tenses - DAPANGLAIS

THE TENSES
Règles générales
Tous les temps continus (être en train de) : be (au temps voulu) + verbe en ING
Tous les temps perfects : have (au temps voulu) + participe passé
Toutes les voix passives : be (au temps voulu) + participe passé
Exemples
Infinifive continous de eat
Present continuous de eat
Past continuous de eat
Future continuous de eat
Conditional continuous de eat
Present perfect continuous de eat
Past perfect continuous de eat
Present perfect de try
Past perfect de try
Future perfect de try
Conditional perfect de try
THE IMPERATIVE
ordres/invitations
Open the door, will you ?
Don’t forget to bring your books !
(Don’t) let’s (not) start the game now !!
THE SIMPLE PRESENT
!!!!! –s à la 3° personne singulier/ do-does/
Adverbes de fréquence
1/ Vérités générales/habitudes/actions répétées
I don’t often work on Sundays
He lives in a flat
The sun rises in the East.
What do you do ?
Present simple passive de interview
Present continuous passive de interview
Past simple passive de interview
Past continuous passive de interview
Present perfect simple passive
Future simple passive
Future perfect passive
Conditional simple passive
Conditional perfect passive
2/ Remplace un futur quand on parle « horaire » (transports en commun/cinéma/ …)
His train arrives at 8 pm tomorrow
3/ Remplace un futur simple dans une subordonnée de temps introduite par as soon
as/when/before/ …
My parents will buy a new car when they have enough money.
As soon as I am 18, I will take my driving test.
I will tell John the story when I see him.
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Now-at present-at the moment-today-this week … (for a limited period of time)
1/ indique qu’une action temporaire est en train de se dérouler
What are you doing ?
He is living in a flat (it’s temporary)
2/ remplace un futur pour une action arrangée, planifiée par le sujet du verbe
We are going to the cinema tonight.
I am spending our holidays in Greece next summer.
3/ indique qu’une habitude de qqn ennuie le speaker (avec always)
He is always telling me what to do !
I am fed up. He is always complaining !!
THE SIMPLE PAST
!!!-ED ou verbes irréguliers/did-didn’t
Last…/ …ago/ (the day before) yesterday
1/ habitudes dans le passé (adv. de fréquence)
Did you sometimes go to school on foot when you were young ?
2/ action unique dans le passé et la durée n’est pas accentuée-un fait est mentionné
I watched tv last night.
I lived in a village when I was young.
3/ indique une action, un état imaginaire
If I was rich, I would buy a new house.
I wish I were a good guitar player
THE PAST CONTINUOUS
1/ on insiste sur la durée d’une action passée qui était en train de se dérouler …
a/ …quand une autre survint
We were playing tennis when it started to rain.
What were you doing when I phoned you yesterday ?
b/ … à un moment précis
What were you doing yesterday at 8 pm ?
c/… en même temps qu’une autre (while)
We were watching tv while my parents were reading last night.
THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Have/has (not) + participe passé
1/ indique une action répétée/ habituelle du passé jusqu’au présent (utilisation de since/ for ou
in my life … exprimés ou sous-entendus en fonction du contexte)
I have seen him several times since he had his accident
I have been to Ireland many times
How long have you lived in this village ?
2/a/ avec les mots suivants … ou b/ la période de temps considérée n’est pas encore du
« passé ».
Today/ this week … (on est toujours dans cette période, elle n’est pas encore passée)
I have worked hard today
I have talked to her this week
Many things have happened this year (in December !)
This actress has played in many movies (in her life, she is still alive)
So far, in my life, it’s the first (second) time (in my life), up to now, ever, never (je vis
toujours)
I have visited 10 European countries (in my life, so far)
I have never visited my cousins.
Have you ever seen a ghost ?
Recently, lately
I haven’t played tennis recently
Already, not yet
I have already finished the job but she hasn’t started yet.
Just
I have just met your brother !
3/ une action passée a des conséquences dans le présent et ce sont ces conséquences dans le
présent qui sont significatives
I am looking for my wallet ! I have lost it Can you see it ?
It has stopped raining. We can go out now !
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
1/ une action a commencé dans le passé et est toujours en train de se dérouler maintenant
(utilisation de since/for exprimée ou sous-entendue)
I have been working hard today
I have been reading for 2 hours
How long have you been waiting ?
The ground is wet. It’s been raining
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
Had + participe passé
1/… se situe avant une action passée
Before we went to the restaurant yesterday, we had been to the cinema.
2/ … voir le present perfect et transposer ces règles dans le passé
When I met him yesterday, he had just finished his job.
He had been a teacher since 1975 before he died
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Be au past perfect =Had been + verbe en ing
1/… se situe avant une action passée
… voir le present perfect continuous et transposer dans le passé
We had been reading outside for 2 hours when it started to rain
How long had you been waiting before he arrived ?
When we went out last night, it had been snowing
TO BE GOING TO
1/ indique l’ intention du sujet de la phrase mais les choses n’ont pas encore été planifiées,
arrangées
They are going to spend their holidays in Greece.
What are you going to do?
She explained she was going to move to another town.
2/ Qqc va se passer, c’ est clair pour le speaker en fonction des circonstances énoncées
Look at the sky ! It is going to rain
Please, slow down ! We are going to have an accident !
THE SIMPLE FUTURE
!!! will-won’t
Next…/ tomorrow/ the day after tomorrow/ in 10 years…
!!! attention ! ce temps est remplacé par le présent simple dans les subordonnées temporelles
(voir le présent simple)
1/ indique que qqc se passera dans le futur mais sans connotation particulière (voir la
différence avec to be going to)
(Utilisé dans la principale-pas be going to- quand on a une subordonnée introduite par when/
as soon as/ if…)
My parents will call you when they have returned from Greece
We will go to the USA next summer if it is possible
Moore’s new film will be released next week
2/ on prend une décision et on l’exprime spontanément
I will have a coke, please !!
Don’t worry ! I will find a solution !
3/ indique un comportement habituel chez qqn
He will always try to help you.
That’s like him ! He will always repeat the same things several times !
4/ utilisé avec probably/ perhaps/ I think…/ I am sure/ It is likely that …
My father will probably buy a new car
He thinks he will find a solution
THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS
This time tomorrow I will be playing tennis
THE FUTURE PERFECT
By this time tomorrow I will have finished the job
Attention à la subordonnée de temps!
Iwill call you when I have finished the job
THE CONDITIONAL SIMPLE
Would-wouldn’t
1/ quand il y a condition
He would be happy if you visited him
2/ indique un comportement habituel de qqn dans le passé
I remember him ! He would always speak about his travels when you met him.
3/ dans le discours indirect
He told me he wouldn’t come !
THE CONDITIONAL CONTINUOUS
If I was not here, I would be helping my father
THE CONDITIONAL PERFECT
If I had known, I would have stayed there a bit longer